Bodyright campaign: Minimizing the incidence of online violence against women

Gender-based violence refers to all forms of detrimental actions to target a single person or a group of them depending on their gender. This predominantly includes violence directed against women and includes all forms of violence (in the real world to online violence). We must understand and accept that even though these incidents are happening in the online world, the internet has become such an integral part of human life that the outcome of such violence is seen in the real life. The United Nations Population Fund has initiated a new online campaign in the name of Bodyrights, which is the new copyright mark to proclaim and demand security from the various incidents of digital violence. To conclude, gender-based violence has been reported universally, and the same things are on the rise even on the online platform, wherein women and girls are being targeted and their dignity and reputation are being tarnished. This calls for the need to raise to the occasion and the policy-makers and the technology companies should offer complete support to not only punish the offenders but even reduce the incidence of such events in the present and the future.

A cross sectional study to assess the awareness and practice about cough etiquettes among respiratory symptomatic patients in Tamil Nadu

Background: The emergence of respiratory infections has been attributed to the exposure of human beings to the wide gamut of airborne pathogens. Cough etiquette and respiratory hygiene have been recommended as tools to reduce such transmission.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among respiratory symptomatic patients attending urban and rural health training centre of a tertiary care hospital for 6 months duration (October 2018 to March 2019) to study their knowledge and practices related to cough etiquettes. A total of 240 study subjects were interviewed face to face with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire after obtaining their written informed consent. The study findings were recorded in an Excel sheet and analysis was done using SPSS version 20.Results: Correct knowledge about cough etiquettes was found in only 22 (9.1%) participants. Almost half of the participants 122 (50.8%) covering mouth and nose with hands while only 14 (9.7%) were using of face mask during bouts of coughing. Barriers to preventive practices were lack of awareness about cough etiquettes and hand hygiene in 14.1% and 66.3%, respectively followed by severity and frequency of bouts of cough in 29 (12.1%) subjects.Conclusions: Knowledge and practice of cough etiquette was not found to be satisfactory in the present study. Thus, it is high time to address this issue and bridge the gap in knowledge as well as practice of cough etiquette among the general population in order to reduce the person to person transmission and thereby decreasing the burden of respiratory infection.

Rehabilitation Of The Patient With Finger Prosthesis Along With Acrylic Resin Custom Made Nail- A Case Report

Hand is a body part which is of major significance for communication, body language and social contact along with its fundamental function of grasping and feeling. Finger and partial finger amputations are some of the most frequently encountered forms of partial hand loss in India which causes devastating physical, psychosocial and economic damage to an individual. Rehabilitation of amputed finger is of utmost importance and the first choice is micro vascular reconstruction. But when it is contraindicated, unavailable, unsuccessful or unaffordable, the prosthetic rehabilitation is an alternative for improving the psychological status of an individual. Silicone finger prosthesis with modern prosthetic designs, fabricated with immense care, can be life-like and can assist the amputee in returning to society socially as well as psychologically. This case report presents the fabrication of custom-made silicone finger prosthesis along with acrylic resin custom made nail in an attempt to avoid costly procedures and provide best possible esthetic results.

All Ceramic Cementation: A Key to Successful Restoration.

All-ceramic restorations are considered no more as future but established and scientifically documented reality of our daily activities as dental practitioner. To ensure successful and long-term durability of all ceramic restorations, one of the key requirements is adequate cementation. In spite of using all ceramic restorations so frequently in our routine practice, very few are aware of exact bonding mechanism for it. This review enlightens us about all the aspects of all ceramic cementation.

Diversity and Versatility of Actinomycetes and its Role in Antibiotic Production.

This review summarizes about the actinomycetes and their capability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites, many of which have been successfully isolated and turned into useful drugs and other organic chemicals. Microbial pathogens are becoming increasingly resistant to available treatments so new antibiotics are needed, but the channel of compounds under development is scarce. There is frantic need of new microbial agents to fight against the antibiotic resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms, which are rapidly increasing gradually. Therefore, actinomycetes hold a prominent position due to their diversity and proven ability to produce new bioactive compounds predominantly used in antibiotic production. A critical element in a drug discovery based on microbial extracts is the isolation of unexploited groups of microorganisms that are at the same time good producers of secondary metabolites. Few of the antibiotics produced by actinomycetes are included in this review along with their activities to prove the versatility of this powerful microbial organism. Many ecological niches still remain unexplored yet which needs to be studied for a greater diversity of novel actinomycetes. Different strains of actinomycetes generally produce different compounds. For this reason intensive efforts can be increased for isolation and screening of new strains to discover new compounds.

Utility of Kangaroo Mother Care in Preterm and Low Birthweight Infants

Preterm birth ( 37 completed weeks of gestation) is the largest direct cause of neonatal mortality; accounting for an estimated 27 of the 4-million neonatal deaths every year. Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is a type of care for preterm and premature infants whereby the infant is placed in an upright position against the parent's chest; with early skin-to-skin contact between the parent and infant. Mothers who practise KMC exhibit less maternal stress and fewer symptoms of depression; and have a better sense of the parenting role and more confidence in meeting their babies' needs than those who don't. Despite the apparent feasibility of KMC; currently; only a few preterm babies in low-income countries have access to this intervention. Knowledge of the effectiveness and safety of KMC in the community and home setting; and its effects on growth; is still incomplete. Only one study has examined KMC initiation at home. There is an immense need for the promotion of research to improve the delivery of existing cost-effective interventions in low-resource settings and to address key gaps in knowledge. KMC improves growth in low birthweight and preterm infants; and has a significant role to play in protecting them from hypothermia and sepsis; as well as promoting exclusive breastfeeding. KMC helps to reduce neonatal mortality; and inculcates confidence and a better sense of parenting in mothers with regard to their babies' needs

Correlação entre Índice de massa Corporal (IMC) pré-natal e peso ao nascer - um estudo longitudinal / Correlates of antenatal body mass index (BMI) as a determinant of birth weight - a longitudinal study

Objectives: To study the correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) in antenatal period and birth weight of child, along with the socio-demographic determinants of birth weight. Methods: A longitudinal study of one-year duration, from June 2010 to May 2011, was conducted in an urban slum of Mumbai, India. Universal sampling method was employed, including as subjects all pregnant women with minimum two Antenatal Care (ANC) visits - and at least one in the third trimester - registered at an urban health centre from June to August 2010. Subjects with any pre-existing co-morbid illness or with past history of giving birth to twins or to any congenitally malformed child, or else, with outcome of still births or home delivery, were excluded. These women were followed up for the next months until delivery. Maternal weight was recorded at each visit and BMI was calculated, or the average BMI, in case of more than one visit in any trimester. Birth weight was recorded using hospital or maternity home records. Results: Prevalence of low birth weight was 26.7%. Correlation between maternal BMI of third trimester and neonatal birth weight was moderately positive. 60.8% of variability in birth weight can be predicted by maternal BMI in third trimester. Conclusions: Third trimester BMI can be used as a predictor of neonatal birth weight. Information, Education and Counseling (IEC) activities regarding utilization of Antenatal Care (ANC) services can help reducing the incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW).

Objetivos: Estudar a correlação entre Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) no período pré-natal e o peso de nascimento da criança, bem como, os determinantes sócio-demográficos de peso ao nascer. Métodos: Um estudo longitudinal de um ano de duração, de junho 2010 a maio de 2011, foi realizado em uma favela urbana de Mumbai, Índia. O método de amostragem universal foi aplicado, incluindo como sujeitos todas as mulheres grávidas que realizaram pré-natal com, no mínimo, duas visitas, incluindo pelo menos uma no terceiro trimestre, registradas no centro urbano de saúde, de junho a agosto de 2010. Mulheres com qualquer estado mórbido pré-existente ou com histórico de gestações com nascimento de gêmeos ou de criança com qualquer má-formação congênita, ou inda, com ocorrência de natimorto ou parto em casa, foram excluídas do estudo. Estas mulheres foram acompanhadas durante os próximos meses até o parto. O peso materno foi medido em cada visita e calculado o IMC, ou o IMC médio, no caso de mais de uma visita em qualquer trimestre. O peso ao nascer foi registrado a partir de dados do hospital ou maternidade. Resultados: A prevalência de Baixo Peso ao Nascer (BPN) foi de 26,7%. Correlação entre o IMC materno do terceiro trimestre e o peso ao nascer foi moderadamente positiva. 60,8% da variabilidade no peso ao nascer podem ser preditos pelo IMC materno no terceiro trimestre. Conclusão: O IMC materno no terceiro trimestre pode ser usado como um preditor de peso ao nascimento neonatal. Informação, Educação e Aconselhamento (IEC) sobre a utilização do pré-natal podem ajudar na redução da incidência de Baixo Peso ao Nascer (BPN).