Clinicopathological study of parasitic lesions of the eye and ocular adnexa in a tertiary care ophthalmic center in South India

Purpose: To study clinical and pathological features of parasitic lesions in the ocular adnexa in a tertiary care ophthalmic center in south India. Methods: 43 cases of ocular parasitosis were analysed clinically and correlated with the pathological findings (gross morphology and histopathology) over a period of five years (2015–2020). Results: Among the 43 cases, the age group ranged from 9 months to 78 years (mean age of 41.6 years). Female patients were more common than male patients, with a percentage of 63% (27) and 37% (16) respectively. Cystic lesion in the lid or orbit was seen in 23 cases (53.4%); solid mass lesions were seen in 17 cases (39.5%); subconjunctival worms in three cases; and subretinal parasite in one. Gross examination and histopathologic study showed Dirofilaria in 23 cases (53.5%), followed by Cysticercus in six cases (14%) and Microfilariae in four cases (9.3%). Exact species identification was not possible in ten cases (23.25%). Correlation between the type of lesion and type of inflammatory cells with the specific parasite was done. Conclusion: Our study showed that important clinicopathological correlations can be made from the parasitic lesions in the eye and adnexa, which can aid in definitive diagnosis and prompt identification of the parasite for patient management

Histopathological study in glomerular disease in patient with significant proteinuria in Government Dharmapuri Medical College, Dharmapuri

Introduction: Injury to glomeruli results in a variety of signs and symptoms of disease, including proteinuria, hematuria, azotemia, oliguria, edema and hypertension. Specific glomerular diseases tend to produce particular syndromes of renal dysfunction; although multiple glomerular diseases can produce the same syndrome. Evaluation of pathogenic features identified in a renal biopsy specimen may be required for definitive diagnosis. In patients with glomerular disease, renal biopsy provides tissue that can be used to determine the cause, predict the prognosis, and direct the treatment. Aim of the Study: To evaluate the renal histopathology of patients with glomerular disease (with Significant Proteinuria > 1 gms/ 24 hours). Materials and methods: The amount of proteinuria, renal insufficiency, hypertension, and microscopic hematuria differ in different histopathological types and in different age groups .Hence all these parameters and the histopathological type of glomerular disease have prognostic implications in patients with glomerular disease Renal biopsy was performed in patients with glomerular disease (proteinuria <1 gms/24 hrs.) attending the nephrology clinic. Results: Among the 50 patients studied Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was found in 11, IgA nephropathy and minimal change disease (MCD) in 8; Mesangi proliferative glomerulonephritis in 7, Membranous nephropathy and Lupus nephritis in 6, Membrano proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) in 3 and Amyloidosis in 1 patient. The incidence of renal insufficiency was common in patients with MPGN (100%) and amyloidosis (100%) , followed closely by FSGS (87.5%), lupus T. Elavarasan, R. D. Puvitha, M. S. Shruthi. Histopathological study in glomerular disease in patient with significant proteinuria in Government Dharmapuri Medical College, Dharmapuri. IAIM, 2017; 4(7): 234-240. Page 235 nephritis (66.66%), mesangio proliferative glomerulonephritis (57.14%), FSGS (27.27%) and membranous nephropathy (16.66%). Conclusion: 50 patients with proteinuria more than 1 gram per 24 hours above the age of 12 years were biopsied for renal histopathological examination. There were 32 (65%) females and 18 (36%) males, with a mean age of 27.54 years. The commonest histopathological type found was FSGS in 11 (22%) patients followed by, IgAN in 8 (16%), MCD in 8 (16%), mesangio proliferative in 7 (14%), membranous nephropathy in 6 (12%), lupus nephritis in 6 (12%), MPGN in 3 (6%) and amyloidosis in 1 (2%). MCD was commonest histopathological type in age group of less than 20 years of age, FSGS in 21 to 40 years and mesangio proliferative glomerulonephritis above 40 years of age group. 23 (46%) of the 50 patients had renal insufficiency and is common in patients with MPGN (100%), amyloidosis (100%), IgAN (87.5%) and lupus nephritis (66.66%). None of the patients with MCD had renal insufficiency. 5.20 (40%) of the total patients studied had microscopic hematuria

Hematological profile of people living with HIV infection in Government Dharmapuri Medical College, Dharmapuri

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality throughout the world. It is a preventable and treatable disease with some significant extra pulmonary effects that may contribute to severity in individual patients. It is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. Aim of the Study: To determine whether Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is associated with malnutrition, to determine whether there is a relation between the degree of malnutrition and severity of airflow obstruction and to determine whether the severity of airflow obstruction correlates with biochemical markers of visceral protein stores (Serum albumin and Serum prealbumin). Materials and methods: Out of 102 patients initially enrolled for the study, 50 patients were selected. Others were excluded as per exclusion criteria. The patients were defined as having COPD based on GOLD criteria with spirometer showing, post bronchodilator FEV1 / FVC ratio <0.70. The analysis was restricted to patients in the age group of 40 – 60 years. All the patients chosen were smokers and all the patients were males. For each subject, medical history was obtained and clinical examination was done. All subjects had a baseline blood sugar value and renal function tests. On the study day, height and weight were measured. Results: Of the 50 patients in the study, 12 (24%) had mild airway obstruction, 25 (50%) had moderate airway obstruction, and 13 (26%) had severe airway obstruction. The difference in the degree of airway obstruction among the different age groups was not statistically significant. There M. Selvaraj, P. Aruna. Evaluation of nutritional status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Government Dharmapuri Medical College, Dharmapuri. IAIM, 2017; 4(7): 222-227. Page 223 was a statistically significant difference between the Serum Prealbumin level and degree of airway obstruction among all three groups. 9 (18%) patients in the study were found to have a Serum albumin level of less than 3.5g%. Of these, 1 patient had moderate airway obstruction and 8 had severe airway obstruction. Conclusion: As the study is designed as a cross sectional study, the present analysis will be unable to elucidate the prognostic indications of the nutritional indices. The patients were on different durations of treatment and different drugs. These may have an effect on the findings of the study. Spirometer is a user dependent method of assessment and may not always accurately assess the degree of airway obstruction.

Eco-Friendly Approach for Treating Dairy Effluent and Lipid Estimation Using Microalgae.

Aim: In this study, an attempt has been made to examine the utility of these species in treating dairy wastewater. Bioreactor was studied using immobilized Chlorella vulgaris and Anabaena ambigua to treat dairy effluent. Study Design: The entire study including the treatment and filtration was conducted in Centre for biotechnology, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, between November 2014 to February 2015. Methodology: The treatment of dairy effluent consists of two stages; the first stage includes dairy effluent treatment using immobilised Chlorella vulgaris and Anabeana ambigua, while the second stage involves sand bed and coal bed filtration. Results: Chlorella vulgaris reported a high lipid content of 12% when compared with Anabaena ambigua 5% after the cultivation period. Whereas the protein content of Anabaena ambigua (40%) was higher than Chlorella vulgaris (28%) when compared with after harvesting. Whilst ammonium nitrate was completely removed by bead treatment it was 96% reduction when treated with Chlorella vulgaris. A 98% removal of phosphates was achieved on an average after algal bead treatment for both species in both modes of operation. Moreover, a significant decrease in BOD and COD was achieved by this method. Conclusion: It can be concluded that, the cultivation of algae in dairy effluent results the combined advantages of treating the dairy effluent and also producing algal biomass, which can further use of food additives for aquatic culture, animal and human feed, energies such as biogas and fuels and bio-fertiliser.

Importance of Stem Cells In Dentistry.

Stem-cells are primitive cells which are present in different parts of the body such as bones, umbilical cord, placenta, embryo, teeth etc. For years scientists all over the world have been working on possibilities of using these Stem-cells to regenerate human cells which are damaged due to illness, developmental defects and accidents. In fact, stem-cells can create replacement cells for those that are lost or damaged by injury or disease.