Cognitive differences between Taoism and medical science in the location of "Jiaji" / 中国针灸

The differences in the cognition on the location of "Jiaji" between Taoism and medical science are summarized through literature searching. In the medical field, "Jiaji" is generally described as "Jiaji Xue (point)", which is considered as EX-B 2, while, in Taoism, it is expressed as "Jiaji Guan (pass)", focusing on the crucial parts of the body. Medical scholars lay their attention to the distance of "Jiaji" lateral to the spine, in which "Jia" (place on both sides) is mostly considered. In comparison, the Taoists emphasize the central axis on the back of human body expressed as "Jiaji Gu (bone)" and "Jiaji Sanguan (three crucial parts)", in which, "Ji (spine)" is the key. Due to the therapeutic purposes of acupuncture, medical scholars focus on the communication of "Jiaji" with the body surface ultimately. Based on the inner perspective of Taoism, "Jiaji" is connoted to be the three-dimensional structural space located deeply inside of the body. The cognitive differences in the location of "Jiaji" between Taoism and medical science reflect the discrepancy in the cognitive dimensions and approaches to the human body between them, which provide the references for the textual research of "Jiaji" in traditional Chinese medicine.

Distinguishment of XU Qiu-fu's thirteen ghost points / 中国针灸

In addition to the well-known thirteen ghost points in Qianjin Fang (Important Formulas worth a Thousand Gold Pieces), "XU Qiu-fu's thirteen ghost points" is recorded in other medical books. The contents of "XU Qiu-fu's thirteen ghost points" are not exactly same among these medical books, which mainly focus on the nomination and selection of the ghost points. Even though, there are many similarity when compared with the thirteen ghost points in Qianjin Fang in terms of acupoint selection, acupoint location and the sequence of needle insertion, as well as the therapeutic methods. The authors believe that "XU Qiu-fu's thirteen ghost points" is actually adapted based on the framework of the thirteen ghost points in Qianjin Fang.

Exploring theory of contemporary acupuncture manipulation and its application characteristics: in the perspective of acupuncture technique in Acupuncture and Moxibustion / 中国针灸

Through reviewing acupuncture technique in various editions of the state-compiled teaching material of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the hierarchical structure, definitions, and variations of acupuncture manipulation were collected, the theory of contemporary acupuncture manipulation as well as its application characteristics were explored. In the perspective of the hierarchical structure, acupuncture technique with filiform needle is predominated. It is implied in the description of the definition of acupuncture technique that the devices of acupuncture have been developed from single form to multivariant one and the stimulation regions have no longer limited to acupoints. The types of acupuncture manipulations have been enriched gradually during the development of teaching materials. But a part of acupuncture manipulation have been deleted from the knowledge hierarchy of acupuncture technique in textbooks. Acupuncture and Moxibustion is comprehensive and normative, which is important in the inheritance and application of the theory of acupuncture and moxibustion. However, it has to some extent restricted the diversified development of knowledge on acupuncture manipulation.

Beginning of foreign exchange of acupuncture-moxibustion in New China: the whole story of the experts from the former Soviet Union studying acupuncture-moxibustion in China in 1956 / 中国针灸

Through checking the archives from China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS), the event that the experts from the former Soviet Union visiting China and learning acupuncture-moxibustion in 1956 was sorted out. In 1956, under the framework of

Constitution and flow of knowledge in acupuncture-moxibustion discipline from three debatable questions / 中国针灸

The paper studied the constitution and flow of knowledge in acupuncture-moxibustion discipline based on three questions. (1) Can a doctor of acupuncture-moxibustion be incapable of patient treatment? (2) Can acupuncture-moxibustion practice without the theoretical foundation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) be recognized as an authentic acupuncture? (3) Are scholars who had not learned acupuncture-moxibustion incompetent in making any acupuncture-related remarks? The knowledge of acupuncture-moxibustion discipline can be divided into two parts, its core and periphery. The core is the theory and practice of acupuncture and moxibustion, witch constitutes the academic knowledge system of acupuncture and moxibustion, while the periphery absorbs interdisciplinary intellectual sources, and they commonly constitute the knowledge system of acupuncture-moxibustion discipline and the knowledge flows through time, space, and the crowd regardless of its core or periphery.

Periodization of the history of acupuncture-moxibustion discipline and its research methods and challenges / 中国针灸

As a discipline, the independent knowledge system of acupuncture-moxibustion has been established in - Dynasties, while the education and management institutes have tended to be formalized since Northern and Southern Dynasties and continue to late imperial period. In the period of the Republic of China, acupuncture-moxibustion discipline began to be constructed intentionally, and the knowledge system, education institutes and institution have changed significantly with the characteristics of modern science. Now acupuncture has fully met the conditions of modern subjects. The study of the history of acupuncture-moxibustion discipline needs the perspective of internal and external history integration, focusing on the differences from academic history and educational history. In addition, four important topics in the current research of the history of acupuncture-moxibustion discipline are suggested: the relationship between acupuncture- moxibustion discipline and related disciplines, scientific value and technology philosophy, international recognition and branch disciplines.

Analysis of 123 Cases of Forensic Psychiatry Testimony of Individuals Suspected of Road Traffic Offences / 法医学杂志

Objective To explore the characteristics of individuals with mental disorders suspected of road traffic offences and to find their differences from normal offenders, in order to regulate mental disorder patients' driving activities and prevent road traffic offences. Methods One hundred and twenty-three cases of forensic psychiatry testimony of individuals suspected of road traffic offences between 2014 and 2019 from the West China Forensic Center of Sichuan Province were collected. Fisher exact probability test was used to compare the differences between offenders with mental disorders and without mental disorders in terms of demographic characteristics, criminological characteristics, psychiatric characteristics and criminal responsibilities. Results There was no statistical significance in the differences of demographic characteristics, vehicles and kinds of alcohol between the two groups （P>0.05）. The main type of road traffic related crimes committed by offenders with mental disorders was risky driving and were mainly evaluated as partial criminal responsibility, whereas most offenders without mental disorders committed crime of causing traffic casualties and all were evaluated as full criminal responsibility. There was statistical significance in the differences of the types of crime and the criminal responsibility rating between the two groups （P<0.05）. Meanwhile, patients with mental disorders were characterized by long course of disease and irregular treatment, and individuals diagnosed as having mental disorders caused by psychoactive substances accounted for a large proportion. Conclusion There are differences in the characteristics of road traffic-related crimes between mental disorder patients and normal people. It is of great practical significance for reducing road traffic offences to evaluate whether the individuals with mental disorders are fit for driving.

Brief analysis on / 中国针灸

, a book of acupuncture translated from Japanese version, is considered as the earliest acupuncture book that introduced anatomy into acupoints in modern times of China. What the book said are very abundant, which mainly about the history of acupuncture, anatomy of the acupoints, acupuncture treatment, and case report. was compiled and published by the scientific acupuncture tide that time; western knowledge are very rich in content, introducing anatomy into acupoints depiction, which is one of distinctive characteristics. Western medical names of disease are also employed by this book, that inspired so much for traditional acupuncture innovation of China. This article outlines the book's profile, compiler's information, the main contents of each chapter, and takes a brief discussion on the book's content characteristics and the influence on acupuncture of China later.

Exploration on () in the Republic of China / 中国针灸

(-) is a professional periodical of acupuncture-moxibustion, created by - in Peking, the Republic of China and issued nationally. In this paper, the editorial board, distribution, main category and content were collected and analyzed systematically. It is shown that acupuncture-moxibustion scholars in the Republic of China had made the active exploration for promoting the exchange and progress of acupuncture and moxibusiton. This periodical displays the clinical experiences and academic thoughts of acupuncture-moxibustion masters in that era and their responsibility to the spreading of medical information. Moreover, this periodical is one of the platforms for the integration of acupuncture-moxibustion with western medicine in the Republic of China, as well as for the exchange of the updated knowledge. This periodical is the important literature on acupuncture and moxibustion in the era of the Republic of China and is valuable for the literature and historical researches.

Deep neural network-assisted computed tomography diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes from gastric cancer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Artificial intelligence-assisted image recognition technology is currently able to detect the target area of an image and fetch information to make classifications according to target features. This study aimed to use deep neural networks for computed tomography (CT) diagnosis of perigastric metastatic lymph nodes (PGMLNs) to simulate the recognition of lymph nodes by radiologists, and to acquire more accurate identification results.@*METHODS@#A total of 1371 images of suspected lymph node metastasis from enhanced abdominal CT scans were identified and labeled by radiologists and were used with 18,780 original images for faster region-based convolutional neural networks (FR-CNN) deep learning. The identification results of 6000 random CT images from 100 gastric cancer patients by the FR-CNN were compared with results obtained from radiologists in terms of their identification accuracy. Similarly, 1004 CT images with metastatic lymph nodes that had been post-operatively confirmed by pathological examination and 11,340 original images were used in the identification and learning processes described above. The same 6000 gastric cancer CT images were used for the verification, according to which the diagnosis results were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#In the initial group, precision-recall curves were generated based on the precision rates, the recall rates of nodule classes of the training set and the validation set; the mean average precision (mAP) value was 0.5019. To verify the results of the initial learning group, the receiver operating characteristic curves was generated, and the corresponding area under the curve (AUC) value was calculated as 0.8995. After the second phase of precise learning, all the indicators were improved, and the mAP and AUC values were 0.7801 and 0.9541, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Through deep learning, FR-CNN achieved high judgment effectiveness and recognition accuracy for CT diagnosis of PGMLNs.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, No. ChiCTR1800016787; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=28515.

Discussion on theoretical history of : a review of : by / 中国针灸

The author reviewed the book of by , and put forth some evaluations, believing that the book has 4 extraordinary perspectives, clear definition for theory, clinical thinking angle, integrating narrative, and discipline structure maintaining. In addition, the values, trends andmethods of theory research were also proposed in this book review.

Problem analysis and supervision strategy for infusion/syringe pumps / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To analyze the problems found during the sampling inspection of the infusion and syringe pumps. Methods The present situation of the supervision of medical devices was explored,and statistical analysis was executed on the sampling inspection results of medical devices in 2016 to evaluate completely their quality and application.Results The medical devices had problems in uneven quality,low rate of coverage of sampling inspection,unreferencing YY 0709—2009 Medical Electrical Equipment-Part 1-8:General Requirements for Safety-Collateral Stanalard:General Requirements,Tests and Guidance for Alarm Systems in Medical Eleatriail Equipment and Medical Electrical Systems when registering product standard and technical requirements,external labeling,instruction manual and packaging.The qualification rate for sampling inspection was kept at low level in the past few years.Conclusion The supervision strategy is put forward for medical devices to enhance their overall quality.

Preliminary Clinical Application of a Novel Locking Stylet in Cardiac Lead Extraction / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To explore the safety and efficacy of a novel lead locking device (LLD) in the procedure of cardiac lead extraction for heart rhythm implants. Methods: A total of 6 patients using LLD for cardiac lead extraction in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical parameters, the reason of cardiac lead extraction, lead locking stylet condition, outcome of lead extraction and operative complications were summarized. Results: There were 6 patients including 1 female with the median age at 62.5 years. LLD was used and 13 cardiac leads were extracted including 1 scrap electrode wire and 12 functional electrode wire. Among those, LLD was successfully inserted and locked on the top of 11/13 (85%) leads for whole procedure and 2 (15%) leads were not locked for whole procedure; 12 (92 %) leads were completely removed and 1 (8%) lead was partially removed. No severe complications occurred. Conclusion: The novel LLD may safely and effectively extract electrode lead which is beneficial for complete cardiac lead extraction.

Darapladib, a Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Inhibitor, Reduces Rho Kinase Activity in Atherosclerosis

PURPOSE: Increased lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity and Rho kinase activity may be associated with atherosclerosis. The principal aim of this study was to examine whether darapladib (a selective Lp-PLA2 inhibitor) could reduce the elevated Lp-PLA2 and Rho kinase activity in atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studies were performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The atherosclerosis rats were prepared by feeding them with a high-cholesterol diet for 10 weeks. Low-dose darapladib (25 mg.kg-1.d-1) and high-dose darapladib (50 mg.kg-1.d-1) interventions were then administered over the course of 2 weeks. RESULTS: The serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and Lp-PLA2, significantly increased in atherosclerosis model groups, as did Rho kinase activity and cardiomyocyte apoptosis (p0.05). CONCLUSION: Darapladib, a Lp-PLA2 inhibitor, leads to cardiovascular protection that might be mediated by its inhibition of both Rho kinase and Lp-PLA2 in atherosclerosis.

Effect of echinacoside-containing serum in promoting mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation and ZHX₃ expression in rats / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of echinacoside-containing serum on the osteogenic differentiation in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultivated by the whole bone marrow adherence method. The 3rd generation of cells were divided into 3 groups: the blank control group, the classic osteogenic-induced group and the 10% echinacoside-containing serum group. The expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin were detected by ELISA. The ex- pression of ZHX, protein was detected by Western blot technique. RT-PCR technique was used to detect the expression of ZHX₃mRNA. According to the result, the expressions of the alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in the classic osteogenic-induced group and the 10% echinacoside-containing serum group were significantly higher than that of the blank control group (P <0. 01). And expressions of the alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin in the 10% echinacoside-containing serum group were significantly higher than that in the classic osteogenic-induced group (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the classic osteogenic-induced group and the 10% echinacoside-containing serum group showed obviously higher ZHX₃ protain and mRNA expression than that of the black control group, with significant differences (P < 0.01); the 10% echinacoside-containing serum group showed obviously higher ZHX₃ protain and mRNA expression than that of the classic osteogenic-induced group, with a significant difference (P < 0.01). In conclusion, 10% echinacoside-containing serum can promote the differentiation of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured in vitro. Its mechanism may be correlated with the increase in the ZHX₃expression.

Practice and diversion of acupuncture-moxibustion scientization in modern times: taking ZHU Lian as the center / 中国针灸

By following the acupuncture scholar ZHU Lian's academic thought in modern times, and comparing with other contemporary acupuncture scholars, it is found that since the Republic of China, there has been an obvious practice tendency of scientization among academic thoughts of acupuncture, especially in ZHU Lian. This tendency of scientization continues until the early stage of New China. Accompanied with the process of acupuncture high education, academic thoughts represented by acupuncture-moxibustion textbook are different from scientization that is represented by ZHU Lian, and the basic path of acupuncture-moxibustion education and academic theory changed from here.

Location of disease: acupoint view from the angle of clinic / 中国针灸

Doctor WANG Zhi-zhong in the Southern Song Dynasty proposed the acupoint view of "location of disease", which explained the connotation of acupoints from the angle of clinic. Its meaning included two levels, one level meant pathological change on the body surface, that was the location of acupuncture diagnosis-treatment, and the other one indicated that the body surface which was the reflecting point of pathological change on the distal area or inside the body was the location of acupuncture diagnosis-treatment. The specific connotations of clinical acupoints were: location of pathogenic factors or reflection of pathogenic factors, regularity between acupoints un- der disease and specific organ, morphological differences and positioning variability after acupoints under disease, and acupoints examination, diagnosis and treatment.

Zoledronic acid inhibits growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Growing preclinical evidence shows that zoledronic acid (ZOL) exhibits direct antitumor activity in various cancer cell lines. However, the cytotoxic effects of ZOL on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells have not been established. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ZOL on HCC both in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cytotoxicity and cell cycles were assessed with Sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay and flow cytometry. Expression levels of cell cycle phase-linked proteins were examined. The effect of ZOL on HCC in vivo was explored based on H22-subcutaneous injection (s.c.) and H22-intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) mice model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ZOL inhibited the growth of SK-HEP-1 and H22 cells and induced S-phase arrest through downregulating cdc2 protein and upregulating cyclin A. It inhibited the growth of s.c tumors, and increased the survival of both H22-s.c. and H22-i.p. mice in vivo.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ZOL inhibits growth of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo.</p>

Origin and development of Ashi point locating method / 中国针灸

The origin and development of the Ashi point theory are arranged, it is believed that the essence of Ashi point is a point locating method and it is suitable for the location of each acupoint. Originated from Neijing (Internal Classic), this method is the primary point locating method in ancient times, corresponding to the forms of acupoints in Neijing (Internal Classic), the points are located though palpation. This point locating method can be widely used to locate the points clinically, what's more, the Ashi method is not limited to use for local tenderness. Ashi point got its conception from Qianjin Yao fang (Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold), under the background of acupoint channel tropism, it gradually evolved to a certain kind of point that parallel to the regular point and extra point. This process changed the clinical point locating method: regular point and extra point are located according to proportional bone measurement, while Ashi point is located by palpation. However, it betrays the classic and clinical practice gradually.

Analysis of palpation laws of muscle meridian focus on knee osteoarthritis / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the distribution regulars of proximal and distal focus of muscle meridian regions in knee osteoarthritis patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seven hundred and sixty-five knees were selected in 516 cases of knee osteoarthritis. Under the guidance of muscle meridian theory, with the anatomical features of muscle meridian focus, the frequency and the location where the proximal and distal focus of muscle meridian regions appeared were calculated by palpation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of all the points, 11 835 points of proximal focus of muscle meridian regions were found out by palpation, and 9455 points of distal focus of muscle meridian regions were found out. The percentages of the frequency that the focus of muscle meridian of Foot-Yangming, Foot-Taiyang, Foot-Shaoyang and three foot Yin meridians appeared at proximal points of knee were 37.1% (4388/11 835), 34.9% (4127/11 835), 9.5% (1129/11 835) and 18.5% (2191/11 835) respectively; and the percentage of the frequency that the focus of muscle meridian appeared at distal points of knee were 24.7% (2333/9455), 25.2% (2380/9455), 28.5% (2700/9455) and 21.6% (2042/9455).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The proximal and distal focus of muscle meridian in knee osteoarthritis patients are closely related with anatomy structure and biomechanical characteristics; the distribution regulars of focus of muscle meridians study provides evidence for the selection of effective treatment points from different clinical acupuncture therapies.</p>