Association between exposure patterns of adverse childhood experiences and anxiety symptom trajectories in medical college students / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the association between exposure patterns of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and anxiety symptom trajectories in medical college students. Methods: A survey was conducted on first-year students from Anhui Medical College and Anqing Medical College, using the Childhood Abuse Questionnaire, Family Disability Questionnaire, Childhood Adverse Social Experience Item, and Anxiety Self Rating Scale. The baseline survey was conducted from November to December 2019, and two follow-up visits were conducted once every six months until November to December 2020. The latent class analysis (LCA) was used to analyze the exposure patterns of ACEs. The latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to analyze the development trajectory of anxiety symptoms. The multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between different exposure patterns of ACEs and the trajectory of anxiety symptom trajectories. Results: A total of 3 662 college students aged (19.2±1.0) were surveyed. The LCA showed that the exposure patterns of ACEs could be divided into the "high ACEs" group (13.4%), "high neglect/emotional abuse" group (25.7%), "high family dysfunction" group (6.9%), "high neglect" group (27.1%), and "low ACEs" group (26.3%). The LCGA divided anxiety trajectories into four groups: "high anxiety decline" (7.1%),"anxiety increase "(4.1%), "moderate anxiety"(52.9%), and "low anxiety"(35.9%). Using the low ACEs group as a reference group, compared with the low anxiety trajectory, the high ACEs group, high neglect/emotional abuse group, high family dysfunction group, high neglect group, and medium to high-level anxiety trajectory were all associated with an increased risk (P<0.05). Conclusion: There is heterogeneity in ACEs exposure patterns among medical college students, and ACEs exposure patterns are important influencing factors for anxiety symptom trajectories.

Effects of Moderate Hyperventilation on Jugular Bulb Gases under Propofol or Isoflurane Anesthesia during Supratentorial Craniotomy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The optimal ventilated status under total intravenous or inhalation anesthesia in neurosurgical patients with a supratentorial tumor has not been ascertained. The purpose of this study was to intraoperatively compare the effects of moderate hyperventilation on the jugular bulb oxygen saturation (SjO 2 ), cerebral oxygen extraction ratio (O 2 ER), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) in patients with a supratentorial tumor under different anesthetic regimens.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty adult patients suffered from supratentorial tumors were randomly assigned to receive a propofol infusion followed by isoflurane anesthesia after a 30-min stabilization period or isoflurane followed by propofol. The patients were randomized to one of the following two treatment sequences: hyperventilation followed by normoventilation or normoventilation followed by hyperventilation during isoflurane or propofol anesthesia, respectively. The ventilation and end-tidal CO 2 tension were maintained at a constant level for 20 min. Radial arterial and jugular bulb catheters were inserted for the blood gas sampling. At the end of each study period, we measured the change in the arterial and jugular bulb blood gases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean value of the jugular bulb oxygen saturation (SjO 2 ) significantly decreased, and the oxygen extraction ratio (O 2 ER) significantly increased under isoflurane or propofol anesthesia during hyperventilation compared with those during normoventilation (SjO 2 : t = -2.728, P = 0.011 or t = -3.504, P = 0.001; O 2 ER: t = 2.484, P = 0.020 or t = 2.892, P = 0.009). The SjO 2 significantly decreased, and the O 2 ER significantly increased under propofol anesthesia compared with those values under isoflurane anesthesia during moderate hyperventilation (SjO 2 : t = -2.769, P = 0.012; O 2 ER: t = 2.719, P = 0.013). In the study, no significant changes in the SjO 2 and the O 2 ER were observed under propofol compared with those values under isoflurane during normoventilation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our results suggest that the optimal ventilated status under propofol or isoflurane anesthesia in neurosurgical patients varies. Hyperventilation under propofol anesthesia should be cautiously performed in neurosurgery to maintain an improved balance between the cerebral oxygen supply and demand.</p>

Systematic reviews of ganciclovir versus acyclovir for herpes simplex virus keratitis / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

To assess the efficiency and reliability safety of ganciclovir to herpes simplex virus keratitis. ●METHODS: All of the randomized controlled trials for the study of ganciclovir versus acyclovir in the treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis were collected from Cochrane Library, EMbase, PubMed, Chinese Bio -medicine Database, China Journal Full-text Database, VlP Database and WanFang Database. Then the data were extracted and evaluated by two reviewers independently. Risk of bias assessment was evaluated by a tool recommended by Cochrane Library. Revman 5. 0 software was used for statistical analysis. ●RESULTS: Finally, 14 randomized controlled trials were included, 4820 patients totally. Subgroups were used according to the number of patients and diseased eyes as well as the difference of follow-up time. For and relapse rate, ganciclovir group was overmatch acyclovir group. There were statistical differences between the two groups [RR= 1. 22, 95%CI (1. 10-1. 36); OR = 4. 50, 95% CI (2. 02-10. 04); RR = 0. 23, 95% CI (0. 10-0. 52)]. Compared with acyclovir, ganciclovir had less side - effect. There were statistical differences between the two groups [RR = 0. 12, 95%CI (0. 03 - 0. 46)]. All of the side effects of the two groups can be relieved by themselves. ● CONCLUSlON: Current evidence suggests that the ganciclovir is more efficient and safe than acyclovir in the treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis.

Effect of limb ischemic preconditioning on the expression of p38 MAPK and HSP 70 in CA3 and DG regions of the hippocampus of rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the expression of p38 MAPK and HSP 70 in CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus of rats induced by limb ischemic preconditioning (LIP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-six rats were randomly divided into sham and LIP groups. And the animals in the LIP group were further divided into LIP 6 h, LIP 12 h, LIP 1 d, LIP 2 d, LIP 3 d, LIP 4 d and LIP 5 d subgroups according to the time of reperfusion after LIP. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to observe the expression of p38 MAPK and HSP 70 in CA3 and DG regions of the hippocampus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results of the immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were consistent, which indicated that there were fluctuation in the p-p38 MAPK and HSP 70 expression in CA3 and DG regions after LIP compared with those of the sham group. The expression of p-p38 MAPK began to be up-regulated 1d after LIP and reached its peak at 3 d and lasted for 4 d after LIP. However, the expression of HSP 70 was significantly up-regulated 2 d after LIP compared to the sham group, reached its peak at 3 d and lasted until the 4 d after LIP.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LIP up-regulates the expression of p38 MAPK and HSP 70 in the CA3 and DG regions of the hippocampus of rats.</p>

Association between polymorphism of IRF6 rs2235371 locus and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the association between polymorphism of interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene rs2235371 locus and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Blood samples from 106 patients and their parents and 129 controls and their parents were collected. The polymorphism of IRF6 rs2235371 locus was determined with PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Case-control analysis, transmission disequilibrium test(TDT), haplotype-based haplotype relative risk analysis (HHRR) and family-based association test (FBAT) were carried out.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>By case-control analysis, no significant difference was found in the frequencies of GG, GA and AA genotypes of rs2235371 locus between the patient group and control group (P> 0.05), but there was a significant difference in allelic frequencies (P< 0.05). There was also a significant difference in genotype and gene frequencies of rs2235371 variant between family members from cleft lip only group and control group. However, in cleft lip with cleft palate group, no such difference was observed. TDT analysis suggested a linkage in the presence of disequilibrium (chi-square=5.56, P=0.024). Results of HHRR analysis (chi-square=5.115, P=0.024) and FBAT (Z=2.218, P=0.027) also indicated an association between IRF6 rs2235371 variant and the risk of NSCL with or without cleft palate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Genetic polymorphism of IRF6 gene rs2235371 locus is associated with NSCL with or without cleft palate.</p>

P38 MAPK antisense oligodeoxynucleotide inhibited the brain ischemic tolerance induced by limb ischemic preconditioning / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To better assess the role of p38 MAPK, this project was designed to investigate whether intraventricular injection of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (As-ODN) directed against the p38 MAPK of pyramidal neurons in hippocampus could affect the brain ischemic tolerance induced by limb ischemic preconditioning (LIP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rat 4-vessel occlusion global cerebral ischemic model was used. Forty-eight male Wistar rats with permanently occlusion of the bilateral vertebral arteries were divided into 8 groups (n=6): sham, LIP, brain ischemic insult, LIP + brain ischemic insult, distilled water + LIP + brain ischemic insult, p38 MAPK As-ODN and p38 MAPK As-ODN + LIP + brain ischemic insult (two doses of 5 nmol/5 microl and 10 nmol/5 microl were used) groups. Thionin staining was used for observing histological changes of the hippocampus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No significant delayed neuronal death (DND) was detected in the CA1 hippocampus of the rats that underwent sham and LIP operation. Brain ischemic insult for 8 min induced obvious DND as represented with the increase in histological grade (HG) and decrease in neuronal density (ND) significantly compared with sham and LIP groups. LIP protected the CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons against DND induced by global brain ischemic insult, suggesting the occurrence of brain ischemic tolerance. However, pretreatment with p38 MAPK As-ODN effectively blocked the ischemic tolerance induced by LIP in a dose dependent manner.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It could be concluded that p38 MAPK plays an important role in the brain ischemic tolerance induced by LIP.</p>

Effect of electroacupuncture on Sevoflurane anesthesia in patients undergoing resection of supratentorial tumor / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the supplementary analgesic effect of electroacupuncture and its influence on the maintenance of anesthesia and the speed of recovery of patients undergoing craniotomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty cases of supratentorial tumor resection were randomly divided into group A and group S, 40 cases in each group. All the patients were anesthetized with 2% Sevoflurane. The patients in group A received electroacupuncture at Hegu (LI 4) and Waiguan (TE 5), Jinmen (BL 63) and Taichong (LR 3), Zusanli (ST 36) and Qiuxu (GB 40) from anesthesia beginning to the end of operation, and in group S without electroacupuncture. The end-tidal Sevoflurane concentration, minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), bispectral index (BIS) and the information during anesthesia recovery stage were recorded, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The end-tidal concentration and MAC of Sevoflurane in group A at all times were significant lower than those in group S (P<0.05, P<0.01) with a Sevoflurane saving of 9.62% on average. The BIS in group A during a few phases were higher than that in group S (all P<0.05). During anesthesia recovery stage, the time of each phase in group A was significantly shorter than that in group S (all P<0.01). No dysphoria and one case with nausea and vomiting were shown in group A, but in group S, 2 patients had dysphoria and 3 patients had nausea and vomiting.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Electroacupuncture combined with Sevoflurane anesthesia can decrease the dosage of Sevoflurane, shorten the recovery time of anesthesia and improve the quality of anesthesia recovery of the patients undergoing resection of supratentorial tumor.</p>

Genome-wide and interaction linkage scan for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in two multiplex families in Shenyang, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To identify the loci involved in nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in Northern Chinese people in Shenyang by using genomewide and interaction linkage scan.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two multiplex families in Shenyang from North China were ascertained through probands with NSCL/P. Blood of every member was drawn for DNA extraction and analysis. Genotypes were available for 382 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) markers from the ABI Prism Linkage Mapping Set version 2.5. Linkage between markers and NSCL/P was assessed by 2-point parametric LOD scores, multipoint-heterogeneity parametric LOD scores (HLODs), and multipoint nonparametric linkage score (NPL).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The initial scan suggested linkage on Chromosomes 1, 2, and 15. In subsequent fine mapping, 1q32-q42 showed a maximum multipoint LOD score of 1.9(empirical P=0.013) and an NPL score of 2.35 (empirical P=0.053). For 2p24-p25, the multipoint NPL increased to 2.94 (empirical P=0.007). 2-locus interaction analysis obtained a maximum NPL score of 3.73 (P=0.00078) and a maximum LOD score of 3 for Chromosome 1 (at 221 cM) and Chromosome 2 (at 29 cM).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both parametric and nonparametric linkage scores greatly increased over the initial linkage scores on 1q32-q42, suggesting a susceptibility locus in this region. Nonparametric linkage gave a strong evidence for a candidate region on chromosome 2p24-p25. The superiority of 2-locus linkage scores compared to single-locus scores gave additional evidence for linkage on 1q32-q42 and 2p24-p25, and suggested that certain genes in the two regions may contribute to NCSL/P risks with interaction.</p>

No association of the A2756G polymorphism of methionine synthase gene with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the association of the A2756G polymorphism of the methionine synthase (MS) gene with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in Chinese.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-seven NSCL/P case-parent triads were selected as the case group. One hundred and four healthy subjects and their biological parents were selected as control group. For all subjects the A2756G polymorphism of the MS gene was examined by PCR-RFLP method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no statistical difference in genotype and allele frequencies for MS A2756G variants among family members between case group and control group. The GG genotype was not detected in the offsprings and mothers. The odds ratio and confidence interval of genotype AG in offspring, father and mother were 1.78(0.74-4.34), 0.80(0.36-1.79) and 1.26(0.54-2.93) respectively. The odds ratio and confidence interval of allele G in offspring, father and mother were 1.70(0.78-3.73), 0.88(0.49-1.75), and 1.23(0.59-2.60) respectively. The G allele did not increase the risk of NSCL/P. Transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis yielded no evidence of linkage disequilibrium (chi-square=0.034,P>0.05). The results of haplotype-based haplotype relative risk (HHRR) analysis (chi-square=0.03,P>0.05) and family-based association tests (FBAT) (Z=0.186, P>0.05) failed to show association between the MS A2756G variant and the risk of NSCL/P.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The A2756G polymorphism of the MS gene was not associated with NSCL/P in Chinese in the present study.</p>

Inhalation of aminoguanidine prevents the up-regulation of connective tissue growth factor in fibrotic lungs of rats / 生理学报

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a known profibrotic cytokine. The purpose of the present study was to explore the effects of inhalation of aminoguanidine (AG) on the up-regulation of CTGF in fibrotic lungs of rats. Sprague-Dawley rats received single intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (BLM) or instillation of the same volume of normal saline (NS) as control. From day 1 to day 30 after intratracheal BLM instillation, the rats inhaled AG (2, 10 or 50 mmol/L, 5 min each time) twice a day or inhaled the same volume of NS as vehicle control. The change of nitric oxide (NO) content in lungs was evaluated by nitrite/nitrate (NO₂(-)/NO₃(-)) content in out-flowing pulmonary plasma (OPP). The degree of fibrosis in lung was evaluated by the content of hydroxyproline (chloramine T method) and area of collagen (Masson stain) in lung. The CTGF expression in lung was detected by Western blot and RT-PCR. The contents of NO₂(-)/NO₃(-) were increased in OPP of rats on day 14 after the instillation of BLM, compared with those in the rats with instillation of NS [(156+/-21) mumol/L vs (51+/-15) mumol/L, P<0.01]. The content of hydroxyproline, the area of collagen, and the levels of CTGF protein and mRNA were increased in lungs of rats on day 30 after intratracheal instillation of BLM, compared with those in the rats with instillation of NS [hydroxyproline, (51+/-10) mg/g lung vs (20+/-5) mg/g lung; area of collagen, (38.7+/-8.8)% vs (5.7+/-1.5)%; CTGF protein, (1+/-0.25) vs (0.3+/-0.1); CTGF mRNA, (0.8+/-0.2) vs (0.15+/-0.03), P<0.01]. The above-mentioned indices were ameliorated by the inhalation of AG (10 or 50 mmol/L) (NO₂(-)/NO₃(-) content, P<0.01; other indices, P<0.05). It is therefore concluded that the inhalation of AG prevented the up-regulation of CTGF in fibrotic lungs of rats suffering from BLM instillation, which might be one of the mechanisms of the anti-fibrosis of AG in lungs.

Perturbed hepatic phosphoinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway in the rat with intrauterine growth restriction / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the molecular mechanisms linking intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) to adult type 2 diabetes mellitus, the effect of IUGR on the hepatic post-receptor insulin-signaling pathway was investigated in the adult offspring.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The IUGR model was prepared by maternal protein-malnutrition. Western blotting analysis was undertaken to assess hepatic expression of insulin receptor substrate (IRS-2), phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K), protein kinase B (PKB), phosphorylated PKB-Ser473 and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3 in 8-week-old male IUGR rats.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The basal levels of PI-3K protein decreased in IUGR rats compared with normal controls (p<0.01), whereas GSK-3beta protein level significantly increased in IUGR rats (p<0.01). Both PKB and phosphorylated PKB-Ser473 protein levels significantly decreased in the liver of IUGR rats compared with normal controls (p<0.01)). After insulin administration, phosphorylated PKB-Ser473 significantly increased to 182% of basal level in control rats(p<0.01); However, phosphorylation of PKB which responded to insulin was markedly blunted in IUGR rats compared with controls and only increased to 123% of basal level (p<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The level of PI-3K and PKB and phosphorylated PKB-Ser473 expression decreased in the liver of IUGR rats, whereas the levels of GSK-3beta protein increased. It may contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in the IUGR rats.</p>

Intracerebroventricular administration of adenosine A1 receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide inhibites the neuroprotective effect of the cerebral ischemic preconditioning in rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To further explore the role of adenosine A1 receptor in the neuroprotective effect of cerebral ischemic preconditioning, the present study was undertaken to observe the effect of inhibiting expression of adenosine Al receptor with adenosine A1 receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ARA1 As-ODN) on the neuroprotective effect of cerebral ischemic preconditioning against delayed neuronal death (DND) normally induced by lethal brain ischemia.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The rat 4-vessel occlusion global cerebral ischemic model was used. Forty-eight male Wistar rats with permanent occlusion of the bilateral vertebral arteries were divided into 8 groups: Sham, CIP, brain ischemic insult, CIP + brain ischemic insult, Distilled water + CIP + brain ischemic insult, ARA1 As-ODN, ARA1 As-ODN +CIP, ARA1 As-ODN+ CIP + brain ischemic insult(two doses of 10 nmol/5 microl and 20 nmol/5 microl were used) groups. ARA1 As-ODN was dissolved in distilled water and injected into the right lateral cerebral ventricle. To illustrate the profile of DND, histological grade (HG) and neuronal density (ND) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were examined 7 d after the sham operation or the last time of ischemia under thionin staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The HG and ND in CIP group were similar to those in sham group. Brain ischemic insult induced obvious DND as represented with the increase in HG and decrease in ND significantly (P < 0.05 vs. sham and CIP groups). In CIP + ischemic insult group,no obvious DND was observed,which indicated that CIP protected pyramidal neurons against the ischemic insult.While the administration of ARA1 As-ODN in ARA1 As-ODN + CIP + brain ischemic insult group caused obvious increase in HG and decrease in ND compared with CIP + brain ischemic insult group (P < 0.05) in a dose dependent manner,which indicated that the neuroprotective effect of CIP against DND of hippocampal pyramidal neurons normally induced by ischemic insult was inhibited by the administration of ARA1 As-ODN.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results further demonstrate the association of up-regulation of adenosine A1 receptors with the induction of CIP-mediated BIT.</p>

Increased expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in the liver of IUGR rats and subsequent insulin resistance / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is associated with insulin resistance in later life but the mechanism remains unclear. To explore the molecular mechanism of insulin resistance, we determined the expression of gluconeogenic enzymes as well as the expression of transcription factor which promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver of IUGR rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rat model of IUGR was established by maternal proteindouble ended arrowmalnutrition. Hepatic mRNA levels of the key enzymes for gluconeogenesis, PEPCK and G6Pase, and of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gammacoactivator (PGC) -1alpha were measured by RT- PCR in male IUGR pup rats at 3 and 8 weeks of their lives. Hepatic PGC-1alpha protein levels were determined by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average birth weights of the IUGR group (4.97+/-0.83 g) were significantly lower than normal controls (6.54+/-0.52 g) (P<0.01). Until to 4 weeks of age, the weights of the IUGR rats increased to the control level and were higher than normal controls at 8 weeks of age (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in blood glucose and insulin concentrations between the IUGR rats and normal controls at 3 weeks of age. By 8 weeks of age, the IUGR rats showed high insulin concentrations (P<0.01) and high insulin resistance index (P<0.05) compared with the controls. Hepatic PGC-1alpha mRNA and protein levels as well as hepatic mRNA levels of PEPCK and G6Pase in IUGR rats significantly increased at 3 and 8 weeks compared with controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>An increased PGC-1alpha expression may contribute to increased mRNA levels of PEPCK and G6Pase, and thus induce the development of insulin resistance in later life in IUGR rats.</p>

Experimental study on tracheal reconstruction using porous titanium rings and free skin flap / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of the cervical tracheal reconstruction using porous titanium rings and free skin flap.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve adult mongrel dogs were divided randomly into group I and group lI. A segment of cervical trachea (25 mm, 4 rings, about 2/3 circumference) was resected and a rectangular free skin flap was harvested from abdomen. The flap was sutured to the defect part and supported with two porous titanium rings (group I) or without (group II ). X ray and fiberscopic examinations were performed at the end of the first and the sixth months postoperatively. After six months the dogs were sacrificed and the grafts were examined macroscopically and microscopically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In group I, one dog was sacrificed for wound infection and skin flap necrosis with deflexion of titanium rings in the fifth day postoperatively. The other 5 of 6 survived until the end of six months. X-ray examination showed titanium rings were fastened well without displacement or deformity. Through fiberscopy, the trachea luminal patency was maintained well without stricture, shrinkage or necrosis. Histologic examination showed most of the inner surface of the flap was covered with ciliated columnar epithelium. In group II, 3 of 6 dogs died of suffocation within 24 hours postoperatively. The remaining 3 dogs survived from 7 to 16 days with dyspnea and fiberscopic examination showed narrowed trachea lumens.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Porous titanium rings could recreate the framework for cervical tracheal reconstruction using free skin flap and would be one of the options for tracheal reconstruction.</p>

Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides of glial glutamate transporter-1 inhibits the neuro-protection of cerebral ischemic preconditioning in rats / 生理学报

The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of glial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) in the brain ischemic tolerance induced by cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP) by observing the effect of GLT-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) on the neuro-protection of CIP against brain ischemic insult in rats. Wistar rats with permanently occluded bilateral vertebral arteries were randomly assigned to 7 groups: (1) Sham group: the bilateral common carotid arteries (BCCA) were separated, but without occluding the blood flow; (2) CIP group: the BCCA were clamped for 3 min; (3) Brain ischemic insult group: the BCCA were clamped for 8 min; (4) CIP+brain ischemic insult group: 3 min CIP was preformed 2 d prior to 8 min ischemic insult; (5) Double distilled water group: 5 muL double distilled water was injected into the right lateral cerebral ventricle 12 h before, 12 h and 36 h after the BCCA was separated (but without occluding the blood flow), respectively; (6) AS-ODNs group: 5 microL AS-ODNs solution was injected into the right lateral cerebral ventricle 12 h before, 12 h and 36 h after the BCCA was separated (but without occluding the blood flow), respectively. This group was further divided into 9 nmol and 18 nmol subgroups according to the doses of AS-ODNs; (7) AS-ODNs+CIP+brain ischemic insult group: 5 microL AS-ODNs solution was injected into the right lateral cerebral ventricle 12 h before, 12 h and 36 h after CIP, respectively. This group was also further divided into 9 nmol and 18 nmol subgroups according to the doses of AS-ODNs. The other treatments were the same as those in CIP+brain ischemic insult group. The effect of the AS-ODNs on the expression of GLT-1 was assayed by using Western blot analysis. The profile of delayed neuronal death (DND) of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 hippocampus was evaluated by using thionin staining under light microscope by determining the neuronal density (ND) and histological grade (HG). Western blot analysis showed that AS-ODNs injected into the lateral cerebroventricle inhibited the expression of GLT-1 in the CA1 hippocampus in a dose-dependent manner. Neuropathological evaluation showed that there was no apparent DND in sham and CIP groups. Obvious DND of pyramidal neurons was found in brain ischemic insult group, which was represented by an increase in HG and a decrease in ND. CIP effectively protected the pyramidal neurons in the CA1 hippocampus against DND normally induced by ischemic insult, which indicating that CIP induced ischemic tolerance on the pyramidal neurons in the CA1 hippocampus. However, the injection of AS-ODNs into the lateral cerebroventricle blocked the neuro-protection of CIP against DND induced by brain ischemic insult. These results further proved the role of GLT-1 in the brain ischemic tolerance induced by CIP in rats.

Effects of pravastatin on the expression of endothelin induced by aldosterone in rat cardiac fibroblasts / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the effects of pravastatin on endothelin(ET) expression induced by aldosterone in cultured neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>ET concentration in conditioned medium was measured by radioimmunoassay, intracellular ET-1 level was evaluated by flow cytometry, and the expression of preproendothelin-1 (ppET-1) was detected and quantified using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cardiac fibroblasts, treated with aldosterone at 107 mol/L, significantly up-regulated ppET-1 mRNA expression, as well as ET-1 synthesis and release. Pravastatin (10(-5), 10(-4), 10(-3) mol/L) dose-dependently blocked these effects. In contrast, pravastatin-induced inhibitory effects were reversed in the presence of mevalonate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pravastatin down-regulated ppET-1 mRNA expression, as well as ET-1 synthesis and release induced by aldosterone in a process specifically related to mevalonate in cardiac fibroblasts.</p>

Scalpel circumcision by inserting a piece of gauze between the inner prepuce and superficial fascia / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To introduce the advantages of the circumcision with a scalpel by inserting a piece of gauze between the inner prepuce and superficial fascia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From November 2000 to March 2006, 2 100 patients with redundant prepuce, aged 6-78 years, averaging 23, were circumcised with a scalpel by inserting a piece of gauze between the inner prepuce and superficial fascia. Of all the cases, 1 799 (85.7%) were classified as Type I, 237 (11.3%) as Type II and 64 (3.0%) as Type III redundant prepuce. The mean operation time was 20 minutes (15-35 min).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incisions were all healed in one stage, with good appearance, no infection and no disruption. Bleeding occurred in 12 cases 648 hours after the operation and delayed bleeding in 3 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The circumcision with a scalpel by inserting a piece of gauze between the inner prepuce and superficial fascia, with easier performance, fewer complications and less bleeding, and capable of preserving more and continuous superficial fascia and giving a better appearance, well deserves to be popularized in clinical practice.</p>

Effects of L-arginine on the expression of insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 in rats with intrauterine growth retardation / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) may contribute to the disorder of development of fetal brains. L-arginine has been known to be effective in blood vessel distension and improving the blood circulation of placentas. Recent studies have shown that L-arginine can ameliorate the placental hypoxia and improve the development of fetus. This study aimed to explore the effects of L-arginine on the expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, IGF binding protein-3(IGFBP3)and IGF-I mRNA in brains of IUGR rats and the possible mechanisms of L-arginine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six pregnant rats were randomly assigned into four groups: Control, Model, Low dose L-arginine (100 mg/kg) and High-dose L-arginine (200 mg/kg L-arginine) groups (n=9 each). IUGR was induced by passive smoking in rats from the last three groups. L-arginine was administered for the last two groups between days 8 and 20 of gestation. On day 21 of gestation, the pup rats were delivered by cesarean section. The levels of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP3 in the brains of pup rats were measured by enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay (ELISA) and the expression of IGF-I mRNA was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGF-I mRNA expression in the Model group were significantly lower than in the Control group, with the IGF-I levels of 0.789 +/- 0.062 ng/mg vs 0.947 +/- 0.042 ng/mg, the IGF-II levels of 0.270 +/- 0.020 ng/mg vs 0.374 +/- 0.015 ng/mg and the IGF-I mRNA expression of (13.12 +/- 1.39) x 10(4) cps/mug RNA vs (21.28 +/- 3.54) x 10(4) cps/mug RNA (P < 0.01). In contrast, the IGFBP3 levels in the Model group were significantly higher than in the Control group (0.253 +/- 0.011 ng/mg vs 0.089 +/- 0.015 ng/mg; P < 0.01). Low or high dose L-arginine treatment increased significantly the IGF-I levels from 0.789 +/- 0.062 ng/mg (Model group) to 0.937 +/- 0.067 ng/mg (low dose group) or 0.858 +/- 0.077 ng/mg (high dose group), the IGF-II levels from 0.270 +/- 0.020 ng/mg (Model group) to 0.318 +/- 0.018 ng/mg (low dose group) or 0.354 +/- 0.021 ng/mg (high dose group) and the IGF-I mRNA expression from (13.12 +/- 1.39) x 10(4) cps/mug RNA (Model group) to (19.24 +/- 2.48) x 10(4) cps/mug RNA (low dose group) or (17.35 +/- 2.30) x 10(4) cps/mug RNA (high dose group) (P < 0.01). The IGFBP3 levels were significantly reduced after low or high dose L-arginine treatment (0.132 +/- 0.006 ng/mg or 0.146 +/- 0.009 ng/mg) compared with those of the Model group (0.253 +/- 0.011 ng/mg) ( P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>L-arginine can increase the levels of IGF-I and IGF-II and the IGF-I mRNA expression, and decrease the IGFBP3 level in the brain of rats with IUGR induced by passive smoking, thereby offering protective effects against IUGR.</p>

Study on the safety and immunogenicity of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli recombinant active vaccine / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the safety, immunogenicity on the enterotoxige Escherichia coli (E. coli) recombinant active vaccine FE3 and FE16.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Toxicity and immunogenicity of the vaccine were determined by experiments on enterotoxigenic E. coli toxicity and immunological experiments on rabbits and mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results of an toxicological experiments were negative. The agglutination titer of antibodies against the S. flexneri 2a and enterotoxigenic E. coli plamid antigen were all higher than 1:640 and 1:1280 in the sera of rabbits. IgG in the serum went up remarkably, while sIgA against CFA/I was also decteted in the dejecta of mice immunized with active bacteria either orogastrically or intranasally. Simultaneously, sIgA was not detected in the dejecta of mice immunized with inactive bacteria either orogastrically or intranasally.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The enterotoxigenic E. coli recombinant active vaccine showed good safety and immunogenicity, inducing both humoral and mucosal immunity in mice.</p>

Expression of human mu-opioid receptor cDNA in CHO cell / 生物工程学报

Opioid receptor, is classified into three subtypes, mu, kappa and delta, with the mu-type receptor plays important roles in opioid analgesia and opioid addiction. The cDNA encoding mu-type receptor was obtained by RT-PCR from human brain RNA and was cloned into pcDNA3.1(+). The resultant recombinant plasmid pcDNAMORs were transfected into CHO cells by liposome. After PCR identification, the positive clone were treated with agonist and antiagonist were tested for their competence of signal transduction. CHO cells that contained mu-opioid receptor in the expression vector pcDNA3.1(+) acquired naloxone-blockable high-affinity specific binding of morphine and DAMGO. The concentration of cAMP in CHO cells transfected with pcDNAMOR was reduced after binding to morphine and DAMGO, and increased after binding naloxone. These results indicate that the mu-type receptor expreesd on the CHO cell has similar biological property as the nature receptor. The availability of these specific cell lines will facilitate the drug development and promote our understanding the mechanism underlying opiate addiction.