ABSTRACT
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a biomarker for the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer and involved in the development of prostate cancer and/or its progression from the localized to the metastatic stage. This review presents an overview of the roles of PSA in promoting the progression and metastasis of human prostate cancer and its underlying mechanisms, including its serine protease activity, interaction with the cellular membrane receptor, and suppression of specific immune responsiveness, and also points out some of the key problems to be solved.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Disease Progression , Neoplasm Metastasis , Prostate-Specific Antigen , Physiology , Prostatic Neoplasms , PathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Parathyroid hormone can activate a series of physiological and biochemical reactions through specific receptors on the surface of target organs,to adjust the dynamic calcium balance.OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanisms whereby parathyroid hormone maintains in vitro proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs),by observing the effects of parathyroid hormone on calcium ions in BMSCs.METHODS:BMSCs at passage 4 were randomly divided into two groups.Experimental group was treated with parathyroid hormone,and control group was treated with routine culture medium.During 10 days of culture,MTT assay was used to detect BMSCs proliferation.At 7 and 14 days after treatment,laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to detect fluorescence intensity of calcium ions in BMSCs in the two groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) At 1 and 2 days after culture,the cell viability in the two groups was sluggish.At 3 days after culture,the cells turned into the rapid growth.At 7 and 8 days after culture,the cell growth turned into the plateau.At 10 days after culture,the cell proliferation ability had a weakening trend,which was lower in the control group than in the experimental group (P ＜ 0.05).(2) At 7 days after culture,the fluorescence intensity of intracellular calcium ions was strong.As the induction time extended,the fluorescence intensity of intracellular calcium ions was declined at 14 days after-culture.At 7 and 14 days after culture,the fluorescence intensity of intracellular calcium ions in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.001).There was no difference in the fluorescence intensity of intracellular calcium ions between experimental group at 14 days and control group at 7 days.To conclude,parathyroid hormone could increase the fluorescence intensity of calcium ions in BMSCs,and function to maintain the BMSCs proliferation.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the possibility that using the bovine corneal stroma to provide a suitable carrier on which the cells can grow for tissue engineering cornea.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nine fresh bovine corneas were selected. Each cornea was cut into 2 pieces, and exposed to 0.25% trypsinase for various lengths of time (20 minutes, 40 minutes, and 60 minutes) to get the stroma part with least cells and maintaining the collagen fibers arrangement. Samples obtained from each group were examined with scanning electron microscopy and HE staining. The left ones were freeze-dried and sterilized. The various concentrations of extraction were used to cultivate human fibroblasts, and a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, (MTT)-based colorimetric assay was taken to evaluate the exhistance of 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cytotoxinic effects. Then the proper corneal stroma was used as a carrier to cultivated the rabbit corneal limbal cells which were planted on it in a concentration of 2 x 10(5)/cm2 in vitro. The cell-carrier samples were sent for scanning electron microscopy and HE staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The corneal stroma had the least cells in the group acted with typsin for 60 minutes, while the collagen fibers arrangement was not so orderly as before. The extractions showed no significant difference in cell culture, and no obviously harmful effect on the cell growth. The rabbit corneal limbal cells presented a stratified growth on the bovine corneal stroma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The bovine corneal stroma without cells prepared using the typsin and lyophilization can be a suitable carrier for cell culture in vitro.</p>