Effect of relatively closed environment dispensing new mode on insoluble particles in pharmaceuticals / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To study the effect of relatively closed environment dispensing mode on insoluble particles in pharmaceuticals.Methods The numbers of insoluble particles in conventional manual dispensing mode and relatively closed environment dispensing mode in lass Ⅰ and class Ⅲ environment were detected, effect of different dispensing modes on the number of insoluble particles in pharmaceuticals was compared.Results When adopting manual dispensing, the numbers of 1-10 μm insoluble particulates in different groups in class Ⅰ environment were less than those in class Ⅲ environment respectively, differences were all statistically significant (all P＜0.05). When adopting a new mode of dispensing in relatively closed environment, there was no significant difference in the numbers of 1-15 μm insoluble particulates in different groups between class Ⅰ and class Ⅲ environment respectively (all P＞0.05). The numbers of 1-20 μm and 1-15 μm insoluble particles in different groups were less than those in manual dispensing when the new mode of dispensing were adopted in class Ⅲ and class Ⅰenvironment respectively, differences were all statistically significant (all P＜0.05). The numbers of 1-15 μm insoluble particles in different groups in manual dispensing in class Ⅰ environment were more than those in class Ⅲ environment respectively, difference were all statistically significant (all P＜0.05).Conclusion The relatively closed environment dispensing mode can effectively reduce environmental particulates entering intravenous infusion system during dispensing process.

Clinical characteristics and therapy of pan-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze clinical characteristics and therapy of pan-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (PDRAB) infection and explore the methods for effective therapy and prevention of this infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nine hospitalized patients with PDRAB infection confirmed by pathogen and susceptibility testing were analyzed for the risk factors and the treatment outcomes were assessed by case analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PDRAB infections occurred mainly in patients with severe complications, most of whom had complications by diabetes or hypertension or damaged mucosal integrity due to mechanical ventilation, surgery and catheterization. The polymyxin sensitivity were 100% for these infections, but all the bacteria identified showed a antimicrobial resistance rates of 100%. The majority of the infections were acquired during hospitalization occurring mainly in the lungs; all the patients had prolonged hospitalization and received antibiotic treatments with high proportions of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents especially third-generation cephalosporins and quinolones. Exclusive or sequential use of carbapenems and sulbactam in combination with quinolone or aminoglycoside produced favorable effects.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The prevalence of hospital-acquired pan-resistance of PDRAB infections increased significantly in recent years, particularly in patients with high risk factors. The widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics may have some relevance to drug resistant occurrence. The application of carbapenems or sulbactam, or their sequential use, in combination with other agents may produce good effects.</p>

Analysis of therapeutic effectiveness of Nanfang ALL 99 protocol in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>With more precise diagnostic criteria and risk classifications, more effective therapy administered in clinical trials, and better supportive care, the outcome of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been improved dramatically. Today, approximately 80% of children treated for this disease in developed countries enjoy long-term event free survival (EFS) and in most instances, would be cured. In this study, treatment outcome of 82 childhood ALL patients in the hospital were analyzed, and ways for how to improve the EFS rate in childhood ALL were explored.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-two patients with ALL were enrolled into the Nanfang ALL 99 protocol which derived from German BFM ALL 95 and Hong Kong-Singapore acute lymphoblastic leukemia 97 (HK-SG ALL 97). Dexamethasone instead of hydrocortisone was used for triple intrathecal therapy. Standard at risk patients who had been irregularly treated in other hospitals for short periods of time were classified as at intermediate risk. When ANC was > or = 1.0 x 10(9)/L and platelet > or = 100 x 10(9)/L, chemotherapy was started. Life table method was used to estimate survival rate and statistical analysis was done by using software SPSS for Windows.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From March 1999 to September 2003, 82 childhood ALL patients were treated with the Nanfang ALL 99 protocol and 78 (95.1%) patients attained complete remission (CR) in a median time of 33 days. Out of 82 patients, 13 patients dropped out of the the Nanfang ALL 99 protocol because of financial difficulty or other reasons. Sixty nine patients were consecutively treated with the Nanfang ALL 99 protocol. The overall EFS rate at 2 years, 3 years and 5 years were 91.3%, 85.9% and 75.2%, respectively, with a median observation duration of 34 months. Three patients died of complications (4.3%). The disease relapsed in 6 patients and they died finally.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The outcome of patients treated with the Nanfang ALL 99 protocol was favorable, and the mortality rate of this chemotherapeutic protocol was low. This protocol was well tolerated by Chinese patients and therefore the protocol is worthy of application in China.</p>

Influence of Budesonide-Solution Inhaled Therapy on Airway Resistance in Asthmatic Bronchitis Children / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To examine the changes of the airway resistance(AR) in asthmatic bronchitis children before and after budeso-nide-solution inhaled therapy.Methods Fifty-six cases of asthmatic bronchitis children were randomly divided into A(regular treatment+budesonide-solution inhaled) and B groups(regular treatment),and 30 normal children at the same age as control group.The AR was eva-luated by Microloop lung function meter with MicoroRint sensor.The changes of AR were compared within above 3 groups.Results AR in asthmatic bronchitis children increased significantly compared with normal children.After 2 weeks treatment,AR decreased significantly in both A and B groups compared with that of 2 groups before therapy,AR in A groups declined to normal control level,but still kept higher level in B groups.Conclusions AR in asthmatic bronchitis children increase significantly.The effect of Budesonide-solution in asthmatic bronchitis children is partly via reducing AR to improve ventilated condition.