In vitro properties of magnesium doped hydroxyapatite coating on the surface of carbon/carbon composites / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: In the early study, hydroxyapatite coatings containing magnesium (Mg-HA) were successfully prepared on the carbon/carbon composite surface by electromagnetic induction deposition. The effects of different induction deposition time on the morphology of Mg-HA coating were analyzed. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the in vitro properties of Mg-HA coating on the carbon/carbon composites. METHODS: HA (control group) and Mg-HA (experimental group) coating were prepared on the surface of carbon/carbon composites.(1)In vitro solubility:Carbon/carbon composites with different coatings were immersed in low-glucose DMEM medium, and surface morphology, ion concentration, and coating adhesion were tested before and after immersion. (2) Cytocompatibility: Carbon/carbon composites with different coatings were respectively cultured with mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for 6 days, and cell proliferation was measured by scanning electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) One day after soaking, sediments formed on the coating surface in both groups, but there were more sediments in the experimental group than the control group. Six days after soaking, the sediments completely covered the coating surface in the experimental group, while there were still some gaps in the control group; Ca and P were both detected on the coating surface in the two groups, and the Mg content on the coating surface was obviously higher in the experimental group than the control group. (2) Six days after soaking, the concentrations of Ca, P and Mg in the control group continued to fall; in the experimental group, the concentrations of Ca and P were also reduced gradually, but the Mg concentration arose gradually. Moreover, the Mg concentration was significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.05). (3) The bonding strength of the coating in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group before and after 6 days soaking. In summary, the Mg-HA coating has better bonding strength and cell compatibility.

Incidence of aberrant behaviors in children with pervasive developmental disorders / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To evaluate the incidence of four aberrant behaviors in patients with pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs).Methods The abnormal behaviors during the last month in 138 PDDs patients were assessed with Aberrant Behavior Checklist and Conners Index of Hyperactivity.Results The incidence of aberrant behaviors was 61.6％ for hyperactivity,81.9％ for stereotyped behaviors,13.77％ for self-injury,and 58.70％ for irritability in PDDs patients.The occurance of irritability in autism patients was higher than that of asperger syndrome (AS) patients (x2 =5.623,P=0.018).Conclusion Stereotyped behaviors,hyperactivity and irritability are common in children with PDDs.Autism patients are more likely to exhibit irritability behaviors than AS patients.

Relationship between clinical features and cognitive function in patients with childhood and adolescence-onset schizophrenia / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the factors influencing cognitive functions in patients with childhood and adolescence-onset schizophrenia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 78 patients with childhood and adolescence-onset schizophrenia who met with the criteria of ICD-10 for schizophrenia were retrospectively reviewed. The cognitive functions were evaluated by the Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (C-WISC), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), digit span backward and P300. The clinical symptoms were evaluated by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients with a lower education level or earlier onset of age had a longer P3 latency at the P300Fz area. The patients with a higher parental education level had higher scores of full intelligence quotient (FIQ), verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ), performance intelligence quotient (PIQ), conceptual level and completed categories of WCST and backward numeric order reciting. The patients with higher PANSS negative subscale scores had lower scores of FIQ, VIQ, PIQ, completed categories and conceptual level of WCST and backward numeric order reciting. The patients with a longer stabilization time had higher backward numeric order reciting scores.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The severity of negative symptoms of the patients and the educational level of their parents are major factors influencing cognitive functions in patients with childhood and adolescence-onset schizophrenia.</p>

Influence of aberrant behaviors on the mental health of caregivers for patients with pervasive developmen-tal disorders / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the influence of hyperactivity, Stereotyped behaviors , self-injury and irritabili?ty on parenting stress and emotions of the caregivers for patients with pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs). Methods Abnormal behaviors during last month were assessed in 138 PDDs patients by using Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) and Conners Index of Hyperactivity (CIH). The parenting stress and the emotional state of the patients’parents were evalu?ated by the Caregiver Strain Questionnaire (CGSQ) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), respectively. Re?sults Anxiety, depression and combination of anxiety and depression were present in 6.2%, 17.8%and 29.5%of PDDs caregivers, respectively. The partial correlation analysis showed that CGSQ score of patients’parents positively correlated with CIH score (r=0.201, P=0.023) and stereotyped act (r=0.189, P=0.033) of the patients, and negatively correlated with stereotyped speech (r=-0.219, P=0.013). The anxious mood of parents positively correlated with stereotyped act (r=0.206, P=0.021). Conclusions Anxiety and depression are common in caregivers of PDDs. Except for stereotyped speech, aber?rant behaviors of the PDDs increase parenting stress and worsen anxious mood of caregivers.

Effect of parent training in combination with methylphenidate treatment on family relationships for children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of parent training combined with methylphenidate treatment on family relationships in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-nine parents of children with ADHD under methylphenidate treatment participated in a modified 5-week training program. The intervention effect was evaluated using the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire, ADHD Rating Scale-IV Home Version (ADHD-RS-IV Home Version), Caregiver Strain Questionnaire, Parent-Child Relationship Self-rating Scale and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale. Parents also completed the training satisfaction survey before and after the intervention.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the 5-week parent training, compared with the baseline values, total scores of Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire and scores of conduct problems and anxiety significantly decreased, and scores of attention deficit, hyperactivity, impulsivity and oppositional defiant behaviors of ADHD-RS-IV Home Version, and Caregiver Strain Questionnaire total scores were all significantly decreased (P<0.05), while total scores of the Parent-Child Relationship Self-Rating Scale and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale were significantly increased (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Modified 5-week parent training program may improve parent-child relationship and reduce parenting stress in ADHD families.</p>

Influential factors for methylphenidate treatment compliance in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate influential factors for the tendency to medicate and medication compliance in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 188 children aged from 5 to 16 years, who were initially diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria, were included in the study. They underwent symptom assessment and cognitive function test. The compliance of methylphenidate treatment was evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Patients with better emotional state, and fewer oppositional and hyperactive behaviors and those who had a family history of psychiatric diseases and who obtained lower scores in the number cancellation test (NCT), were more prone to medication and/or exhibited better medication compliance. Logistic regression analysis showed that fewer oppositional and hyperactive behaviors and lower NCT scores were the predictive factors for a higher tendency to medicate, and a better emotional state was the predictive factor for better medication compliance. Patients of predominantly inattentive type were more prone to medication and showed better medication compliance, as compared with those of combined type. Gender, age and symptom severity were not associated with the tendency to medicate and/or medication compliance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There is a need to enhance medication compliance in children with ADHD who have hyperactive, impulsive and oppositional behaviors, and to improve their long-term social functions.</p>

Study on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal children, and to investigate the possible mechanism of brain dysfunction in children with ADHD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Resting-state fMRI was performed on 18 children who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for ADHD (ADHD group) and 18 normal children (control group) matched for age, sex, IQ, degree of education and handedness. The two groups were compared in terms of amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the ADHD group had decreased ALFF in the bilateral posterior lobes of the cerebellum and the left side of the pons, increased ALFF in the right precentral gyrus, decreased ReHo in the left medial frontal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, and left precuneus, and increased ReHo in the left anterior lobe of the cerebellum, left caudate nucleus, right parahippocampal gyrus, left precentral gyrus, and right middle frontal gyrus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In resting state, children with ADHD have decreased brain activity in some regions, including the cerebellum and frontal cortex, compared with normal children, which supports the hypothesis of dysfunctional fronto-cerebellar circuits in ADHD.</p>