Retrospection and reflection on standardized residency training system from the perspective of medical education history / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Based on the national policies, regulations and documents on residency training, this paper sorts out the historical evolution of the standardized residency training system in China, and divides its development into four stages: preliminary exploration, local pilot, national trials, and implementation. It also puts forward some practical thoughts on its development law and future trend, such aspects as that the system reform follows the top-down administrative order and indicative plan, the system pays attention to the gradual implementation on the basis of summing up practical experience, and the system needs continuous implementation and improvement from the overall perspective.

A consensus on the management of allergy in kindergartens and primary schools / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Allergic diseases can occur in all systems of the body, covering the whole life cycle, from children to adults and to old age, can be lifelong onset and even fatal in severe cases. Children account for the largest proportion of the victims of allergic disease, Children s allergies start from scratch, ranging from mild to severe, from less to more, from single to multiple systems and systemic performance, so the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children is of great importance, which can not only prevent high risk allergic conditions from developing into allergic diseases, but also further block the process of allergy. At present, there is no consensus on the management system of allergic children in kindergartens and primary schools. The "Consensus on Allergy Management and Prevention in Kindergartens and Primary Schools", which includes the organizational structure, system construction and management of allergic children, provides evidence informed recommendations for the long term comprehensive management of allergic children in kindergartens and primary schools, and provides a basis for the establishment of the prevention system for allergic children.

Comparison of the effects and safety of dydrogesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate on endometrial hyperplasia without atypia: a randomized controlled non-inferior phase Ⅲ clinical study / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective: To compare the effects and safety of dydrogesterone (DG) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on the treatment in patients with endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (EH). Methods: This was a single-center, open-label, prospective non-inferior randomized controlled phase Ⅲ trial. From February 2019 to November 2021, patients with EH admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University were recruited. Enrolled patients were stratified according to the pathological types of simple hyperplasia (SH) or complex hyperplasia (CH), and were randomised to receive MPA or DG. Untill May 14, 2022, the median follow-up time after complete response (CR) was 9.3 months (1.1-17.2 months). The primary endpoint was the 6-month CR rate (6m-CR rate). The secondary endpoints included the 3-month CR rate (3m-CR rate), adverse events rate, recurrence rate, and pregnancy rate in one year after CR. Results: (1) A total of 292 patients with EH were enrolled in the study with the median age of 39 years (31-45 years). A total of 135 SH patients were randomly assigned to MPA group (n=67) and DG group (n=68), and 157 CH patients were randomly assigned to MPA group (n=79) and DG group (n=78). (2) Among 292 patients, 205 patients enrolled into the primary endpoint analysis, including 92 SH patients and 113 CH patients, with 100 patients in MPA group and 105 in DG group, respectively. The 6m-CR rate of MPA group and DG group were 90.0% (90/100) and 88.6% (93/105) respectively, and there were no statistical significance (χ2=0.11, P=0.741), with the rate difference (RD) was -1.4% (95%CI:-9.9%-7.0%). Stratified by the pathology types, the 6m-CR rate of SH patients was 93.5% (86/92), and MPA group and DG group were respectively 91.1% (41/45) and 95.7% (45/47); and the 6m-CR rate of CH patients was 85.8% (97/113), and MPA group and DG group were 89.1% (49/55) and 82.8% (48/58) respectively. The 6m-CR rates of the two treatments had no statistical significance either (all P>0.05). A total of 194 EH patients enrolled into the secondary endpoint analysis, including 88 SH patients and 106 CH patients, and 96 patients in MPA group and 98 in DG group, respectively. The 3m-CR rate of SH patients were 87.5% (77/88), while the 3m-CR rates of MPA group and DG group were 90.7% (39/43) and 84.4% (38/45), respectively; the 3m-CR rate of CH patients was 66.0% (70/106), and MPA group and DG group had the same 3m-CR rate of 66.0% (35/53). No statistical significance was found between the two treatments both in SH and CH patients (all P>0.05). (3) The incidence of adverse events between MPA group and DG group had no statistical significance (P>0.05). (4) A total of 93 SH patients achieved CR, and the cumulative recurrence rate in one year after CR were 5.9% and 0 in MPA group and DG group, respectively. While 112 CH patients achieved CR, and the cumulative recurrence rate in one year after CR were 8.8% and 6.5% in MPA group and DG group, respectively. There were no statistical significance between two treatment groups (all P>0.05). Among the 93 SH patients, 10 patients had family planning but no pregnancy happened during the follow-up period. Among the 112 CH patients, 21 were actively preparing for pregnancy, and the pregnancy rate and live-birth rate in one year after CR in MPA group were 7/9 and 2/7, while in DG group were respectively 4/12 and 2/4, and there were no statistical significance in pregnancy rate and live-birth rate between the two treatment groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Compared with MPA, DG is of good efficacy and safety in treating EH. DG is a favorable alternative treatment for EH patients.

Efficacy and Safety of Huashi Baidu Granules in Treating Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Huashi Baidu Granules (HSBD) in treating patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant.@*METHODS@#A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted during COVID-19 Omicron epidemic in the Mobile Cabin Hospital of Shanghai New International Expo Center from April 1st to May 23rd, 2022. All COVID-19 patients with asymptomatic or mild infection were assigned to the treatment group (HSBD users) and the control group (non-HSBD users). After propensity score matching in a 1:1 ratio, 496 HSBD users of treatment group were matched by propensity score to 496 non-HSBD users. Patients in the treatment group were administrated HSBD (5 g/bag) orally for 1 bag twice a day for 7 consecutive days. Patients in the control group received standard care and routine treatment. The primary outcomes were the negative conversion time of nucleic acid and negative conversion rate at day 7. Secondary outcomes included the hospitalized days, the time of the first nucleic acid negative conversion, and new-onset symptoms in asymptomatic patients. Adverse events (AEs) that occurred during the study were recorded. Further subgroup analysis was conducted in vaccinated (378 HSBD users and 390 non-HSBD users) and unvaccinated patients (118 HSBD users and 106 non-HSBD users).@*RESULTS@#The median negative conversion time of nucleic acid in the treatment group was significantly shortened than the control group [3 days (IQR: 2-5 days) vs. 5 days (IQR: 4-6 days); P<0.01]. The negative conversion rate of nucleic acid in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group at day 7 (91.73% vs. 86.90%, P=0.014). Compared with the control group, the hospitalized days in the treatment group were significantly reduced [10 days (IQR: 8-11 days) vs. 11 days (IQR: 10.25-12 days); P<0.01]. The time of the first nucleic acid negative conversion had significant differences between the treatment and control groups [3 days (IQR: 2-4 days) vs. 5 days (IQR: 4-6 days); P<0.01]. The incidence of new-onset symptoms including cough, pharyngalgia, expectoration and fever in the treatment group were lower than the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In the vaccinated patients, the median negative conversion time and hospitalized days were significantly shorter than the control group after HSDB treatment [3 days (IQR: 2-5 days) vs. 5 days (IQR: 4-6 days), P<0.01; 10 days (IQR: 8-11 days) vs. 11 days (IQR: 10-12 days), P<0.01]. In the unvaccinated patients, HSBD treatment efficiently shorten the median negative conversion time and hospitalized days [4 days (IQR: 2-6 days) vs. 5 days (IQR: 4-7 days), P<0.01; 10.5 days (IQR: 8.75-11 days) vs. 11.0 days (IQR: 10.75-13 days); P<0.01]. No serious AEs were reported during the study.@*CONCLUSION@#HSBD treatment significantly shortened the negative conversion time of nuclear acid, the length of hospitalization, and the time of the first nucleic acid negative conversion in patients infected with SARS-COV-2 Omicron variant (Trial registry No. ChiCTR2200060472).

Role of Adverse Events Supervision in Clinical Trials in Neoadjuvant Treatment of Operable Stage III NSCLC / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) combined with platinum containing dual drug chemotherapy is a new adjuvant treatment option for operable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the quality assurance of clinical trials of related drugs plays a crucial role in the results of the clinical trials. This study aims to explore the impact of adverse events (AEs) supervision on reducing treatment-related AEs in patients.@*METHODS@#66 NSCLC patients admitted to Shanghai Chest Hospital from July 2020 to October 2021 were prospectively collected. All the patients received 3 cycles of neoadjuvant treatment of Camrelizumab in combination with Docetaxel and Cisplatin. 4 weeks-6 weeks after neoadjuvant therapy, the patients accepted surgical treatment. One cycle of postoperative adjuvant treatment was given within 30 days after surgery, and 3 weeks after the completion of postoperative adjuvant treatment, Camrelizumab consolidation treatment was intiated, with a total of 13 cycles. The quality of life-C30 (QoL-C30) was used to measure patients' quality of life and the occurrence of AEs was monitored.@*RESULTS@#The overall safety is good, with a total of 300 AEs occurring in 66 patients, including 282 cases of grade 1-2 AEs and 18 cases of grades 3-4 AEs. The most common grades 3-4 AEs associated with PD-1 antibodies occurred in 6 cases (9.1%). Neoadjuvant therapy supervision can lead to a decrease in patients' QOL-C30 scores (P<0.05) and an improvement in their quality of life.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Camrelizumab combined with Docetaxel and Cisplatin can be used as a new adjuvant treatment for operable stage III NSCLC. Through the observation and control of AEs, treatment measures can be taken in time to reduce further complications, ensure patient' safety, and ensure the authenticity, scientificity and reliability of clinical trial data.

Analysis of clinical characteristics and prognosis of 4 264 patients with asymptomatic and mild novel coronavirus infections in Shanghai / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients infected with novel coronavirus Omicron variant in Shanghai, as to provide a reference for epidemic prevention, clinical diagnosis, and treatment.Methods:Altogether 4 264 novel coronavirus Omicron variant-infected patients with positive results of nucleic acid admitted to Shanghai New International Expo Center N3 Mobile Cabin Hospital from April 2 to May 7, 2022, were included. The demographic and baseline clinical characteristics, treatment strategy, prognosis, and different factors affecting the length of hospital stay were analyzed.Results:A total of 4 264 novel coronavirus variant Omicron-infected cases were collected, including 3 111 cases (73.0%) asymptomatic infections and 1 153 cases (27.0%) mild infections. The overall median age was 45 (33, 55) years old with a range from 2 years old to 81 years old. The male to female ratio was 1.37∶1. Altogether 3 305 cases (77.5%) had been vaccinated, of which 3 166 cases completed more than 2 doses. The upper respiratory tract symptoms such as cough and expectoration were the most common clinical manifestations of these infected patients. During the course of the disease, patients with asymptomatic infection were mainly treated with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM, 55.1%) and clinical observation (36.8%), and those with mild infection were mainly treated with TCM (42.2%) or integrated Chinese and Western medicine (30.4%). All patients were cured and discharged. The overall median length of hospital stay and the negative conversion time of nucleic acid were 9 (6, 10) days and 8 (5, 9) days, respectively. Compared with the asymptomatic infected patients, the hospitalization duration and the nucleic acid negative conversion time of the mildly infected patients were slightly longer [days: 10 (8, 11) vs. 9 (5, 10); 8 (6, 10) vs. 7 (4, 9), both P < 0.001]. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the increasing age and mild infection were associated with longer hospitalization duration, and the treatment of TCM or integrated Chinese and Western medicine was associated with shortened length of hospital stay (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:The current novel coronavirus Omicron variant epidemic in Shanghai mainly caused asymptomatic and mild infections. The young and middle-aged population had a relatively high infection rate. The upper respiratory tract symptoms such as cough and expectoration were the most common clinical symptoms. Elderly and confirmed patients had prolonged hospitalization duration, while for patients receiving TCM treatment, the hospitalization duration was shortened.

A survey on iodine nutrition status of children aged 8 - 10 and pregnant women in Chongqing in 2018 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To learn about the iodine nutrition status of children aged 8 - 10 and pregnant women in Chongqing.Methods:From March to November 2018, according to the requirements of the "Technical Plan for Iodine Deficiency Disorders Monitoring in Chongqing in 2018", in all 39 counties (districts) of the city, each county (district) was divided into 5 sampling areas according to the orientation of east, west, south, north and middle. One township/street was selected from each area, one primary school was selected from each township/street, and 40 non-boarding students aged 8 - 10 (age balanced, half male and half female) were selected from each primary school. At the same time, 20 pregnant women (balanced in early, middle and late pregnancy) were selected from each township/street. Household edible salt and random urine samples from children and pregnant women were collected to detect the contents of salt iodine and urinary iodine. Children from 13 counties (districts) were selected for thyroid examination, and the goiter rate of children was calculated.Results:Totally 7 973 and 3 927 household edible salt samples from children and pregnant women were tested, respectively. The median salt iodine was 26.20 mg/kg, the coverage rates of iodized salt were 99.07% (7 899/7 973) and 99.57% (3 910/3 927), the consumption rates of qualified iodized salt were 93.72% (7 472/7 973) and 95.03% (3 732/3 927), respectively. Totally 7 973 and 3 927 urine samples from children and pregnant women were tested, respectively. The medians urinary iodine were 228.60 and 186.30 μg/L, respectively. Among the 39 monitored counties (districts), there were no county (district) with iodine deficiency in children, and 4 counties (districts) had iodine deficiency in pregnant women. A total of 2 656 children were examined, and the goiter rate was 1.73% (46/2 656).Conclusions:In 2018, children aged 8 - 10 in Chongqing are generally at the appropriate level of iodine, and the goiter rate conforms to the national standard (< 5%). Pregnant women are generally at the appropriate level of iodine, however, pregnant women in some counties (districts) are at risk of iodine deficiency.

Significance and mechanism of Tet1 against Mycobacterium marinum infection in mice / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the significance and mechanism of ten-eleven translocation (Tet1) against Mycobacterium marinum ( Mm) infection in mice. Methods:SPF wild-type C57BL/6 and Tet1-knockout (Tet1KO) mice were injected intravenously with Mm. All mice were monitored and the abscesses formed in tail were observed and quantified. Pathological changes in mouse tail tissues were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy and the differences between the two groups were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect the expression and distribution of TNF-α and TGF-β in mouse tail tissues. Moreover, mouse tail tissues were cultured on 7H10 plates for bacterial counting. The expression of NF-κBp65 and TGF-β was detected by Western blot. Results:Obvious lesions including abscesses and ulcers were formed in the Mm-infected C57BL/6, but only scattered small abscesses were observed in Mm-infected Tet1KO mice. During Mm infection, the bacterial load was gradually increased in C57BL/6 mice, but decreased in Tet1KO mice. Histopathological examination showed that obvious inflammatory cell infiltration and typical granulomatous lesions were found in Mm-infected C57BL/6 mice, while no significant inflammatory cell infiltration was detected in Mm-infected Tet1KO mice. Immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated that the expression of TNF-α and TGF-β was lower in Mm-infected Tet1KO mice than in Mm-infected C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, the expression of phosphorylated NF-κBp65 and TGF-β was significantly reduced in Mm-infected Tet1KO mice as compared with that in Mm-infected C57BL/6 mice. Conclusions:Deletion of Tet1 could alleviate the inflammatory damage mediated by Mm and enhance the host immune response to bacteria.

A facile and universal method to achieve liposomal remote loading of non-ionizable drugs with outstanding safety profiles and therapeutic effect

Liposomes have made remarkable achievements as drug delivery vehicles in the clinic. Liposomal products mostly benefited from remote drug loading techniques that succeeded in amphipathic and/or ionizable drugs, but seemed impracticable for nonionizable and poorly water-soluble therapeutic agents, thereby impeding extensive promising drugs to hitchhike liposomal vehicles for disease therapy. In this study, a series of weak acid drug derivatives were designed by a simplistic one step synthesis, which could be remotely loaded into liposomes by pH gradient method. Cabazitaxel (CTX) weak acid derivatives were selected to evaluate regarding its safety profiles, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics. CTX weak acid derivative liposomes were superior to Jevtana® in terms of safety profiles, including systemic toxicity, hematological toxicity, and potential central nerve toxicity. Specifically, it was demonstrated that liposomes had capacity to weaken potential toxicity of CTX on cortex and hippocampus neurons. Significant advantages of CTX weak acid derivative-loaded liposomes were achieved in prostate cancer and metastatic cancer therapy resulting from higher safety and elevated tolerated doses.

Monitoring report of Keshan disease in Chongqing City in 2019 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To master the current status and trend of Keshan disease in Chongqing City, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of Keshan disease in the future.Methods:In 2019, case search was carried out in 9 Keshan disease areas (counties) in Wanzhou District, Fuling District, Changshou District, Liangping District, Dianjiang County, Fengdu County, Zhong County, and Shizhu County of Chongqing City; five Keshan disease areas (counties) including Wanzhou District, Fuling District, Kaizhou District, Dianjiang County, Kaizhou District and Zhong County were selected as the monitoring sites to carry out key monitoring. Questionnaire survey, clinical examination, and electrocardiogram (ECG) were carried out on monitored subjects. The suspected cases of Keshan disease were examined by cardiac ultrasonography or posterior anterior chest X-ray.Results:A total of 25 728 cases were searched in 471 medical institutions, among which 240 suspected cases of Keshan disease were found, and 2 cases of chronic Keshan disease were confirmed. A total of 4 043 permanent residents were monitored in 5 key monitoring sites, and 813 abnormal ECG were detected, with an abnormal rate of 20.11%. Cardiac ultrasonography was performed in 40 cases, of which 19 (47.50%) cases had decreased cardiac function, 16 cases (40.00%) had thickened ventricular septal, and 11 cases (27.50%) had enlarged heart. In 56 cases of chest X-ray examination, mild, moderate and severe enlargement of heart were 9 (16.07%), 5 (8.93%) and 3 (5.36%), respectively. No case of various types of Keshan disease had been found in cardiac ultrasonography and X-ray examations.Conclusions:Chongqing City is in a stable and low incidence of Keshan disease, but some cases of chronic Keshan disease have been detected. We should continue to carry out the disease monitoring in the future.

Characteristics of progestin-insensitive early stage endometrial cancer and atypical hyperplasia patients receiving second-line fertility-sparing treatment / 부인종양

Objective@#This study investigated the characteristics of progestin-insensitive endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) and atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) patients receiving fertility-sparing treatments and assessed the therapeutic effects of second-line fertility-preserving treatments. @*Methods@#Three hundred and thirty-eight patients with EEC (n=75) or AEH (n=263) receiving fertility-preserving treatment were retrospectively analyzed. ‘Progestin-insensitive’ was defined as meeting one of the following criteria: 1) presented with progressed disease at any time during conservative treatment, 2) remained with stable disease after 7 months of treatment, and/or 3) did not achieve complete response (CR) after 10 months of treatment. Clinical characteristics and treatment results of progestin-insensitive patients receiving second-line treatment and those of progestin-sensitive patients were compared. @*Results@#Eight-two patients (59 AEH and 23 EEC) were defined as progestin-insensitive and 256 as progestin-sensitive. In multivariate analysis, body mass index ≥28.0 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR]=1.898) and lesion size >2 cm (OR=2.077) were independent predictors of progestin-insensitive status. Compared to AEH patients, progestin-insensitive EEC patients had poorer second-line treatment responses (28-week cumulative CR rate after changing second-line treatment, 56.3% vs. 85.4%, p=0.011). No statistical difference was found in CR rate among different second-line treatments. @*Conclusion@#Obesity and larger lesion size were independent risk factors associated with progestin-insensitive status. In progestin-insensitive patients receiving second-line treatment, EEC patients had lower CR rate comparing with AEH patients. Further study with larger sample size is needed to evaluate efficacy of different second-line treatments for progestin insensitive patients.

Fire needling on dysphagia due to pseudobulbar palsy after stroke: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect of fire needling on dysphagia due to pseudobulbar paralysis after stroke and to compare the difference in clinical effect between fire needling and swallowing function rehabilitation training.@*METHODS@#A total of 76 patients with dysphagia due to pseudobulbar paralysis after stroke were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 38 cases in each group (1 case dropped out in the control group). The both groups were based on conventional western medication treatment. Fire needle pricking was exerted at Lianquan (CV 23), Fengchi (GB 20), Wangu (GB 12), Shuigou (GV 26), Neiguan (PC 6) and Zusanli (ST 36) without needle retaining every other day in the observation group. The control group was treated with the swallowing function rehabilitation training. In both groups, treatment for 2 weeks was as one course and 2 courses of treatment with 2-day interval were required. After treatment, swallowing scores of Fujishima Ichiro and swallow quality of life questionnaire (SWAL-QOL) scores were observed in both groups, and the clinical effect was compared. Follow-up of swallowing scores of Fujishima Ichiro in 4 weeks after treatment was completed to evaluate the clinical effect.@*RESULTS@#The clinical effective rates after treatment and follow-up were 92.1% (35/38) and 94.7% (36/38) in the observation group, higher than 75.7% (28/37) and 83.8% (31/37) in the control group (<0.05). After treatment, the swallowing scores of Fujishima Ichiro and SWAL-QOL scores were increased in the two groups (<0.05), and those in the observation group were higher than the control group (<0.05). The swallowing scores of Fujishima Ichiro were increased during follow-up in the two groups (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Fire needling has a better effect than conventional rehabilitation training in the treatment of dysphagia due to pseudobulbar paralysis after stroke, which can obviously improve the swallowing function and quality of life in patients with dysphagia.

Role of long noncoding RNAs as competitive endogenous RNA in cerebral ischemia / 国际脑血管病杂志

Ischemic stroke is a common clinical cerebrovascular disease with the characteristics of high incidence rate, high mortality rate, and high disability rate. Recent studies have shown that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. By competitively binding miRNAs, it regulates neuronal apoptosis, inflammatory response, angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier damage in the process of ischemic brain injury. This article reviews the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as competitive endogenous RNAs in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke.

Mechanisms of rapamycin on regulating rat mesangial cell proliferation and cell cycle through mTORC1/p70S6K pathways / 药学学报

To explore the affect and mechanisms of rapamycin on mesangial cell proliferation and cell cycle, rat mesangial cells (HBZY-1) were cultured and divided into the six groups: normal; normal with platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) 20 ng·mL-1; PDGF + rapamycin 1, 10, 100, 1 000 nmol·L-1. The cell proliferation was measured by MTT in 24 and 48 h; flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle phase. Western blot was performed to determine cyclin D1,cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), p27, p70S6K/p-p70S6K protein expression. The p27 mRNA was detect by Real-time PCR. The results showed that rapamycin significantly suppressed PDGF induced glomerular mesangial cells (MCs) proliferation in a dose and time-dependent manner, but with the dose increased (1 to 1 000 nmol·L-1), the time dependence gradually weakened. Rapamycin inhibited mesangial cell proliferation and arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. PDGF at 20 ng·mL-1 significantly increased the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E and CDK2, CDK4 (P < 0.05), but rapamycin did not affect the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E and CDK2, CDK4. Rapamycin can significantly inhibited p70S6K phosphorylation, up-regulated the expression of p27 protein and mRNA. Collectively, rapamycin has the effect of inhibiting the glomerular mesangial cells proliferation of mesangial cells by regulating the transcription of p27 mRNA, increasing its protein expression through the mTORC1/p70S6K pathway, resulting in decreased activity of cyclin-CDK, and blocking cell cycle in G0/G1 phase.

Feasibility and acceptability of using Wi-Fi access points to provide smoking cessation help at 17 airports and 38 railway stations across China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The use of mobile phone significantly improved the outcomes of tobacco cessation. However, its feasibility and acceptability were unclear in the Chinese population. This study was to explore the feasibility of using Wi-Fi access points (APs) as a platform to provide smoking cessation help at 17 airports and 38 railway stations across China.@*METHODS@#This study was divided into two stages: platform development and population survey. In the first stage, a survey platform was developed and incorporated into Wi-Fi service at airports and railway stations, which could provide survey content as a pop-up window when participants tried to access the Wi-Fi service. In the second stage, a population survey was conducted to explore the intention to receive tobacco cessation support.@*RESULTS@#A total of 20,199 users participated and 13,628 users submitted the survey, with a response rate of 67.47%. The smoking rate was 30.9%. A total of 86.58% of smoking participants and 2.44% of non-smoking participants wished to receive tobacco cessation support, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed intention to receive support did not differ in age, gender, and heaviness of smoking (P > 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Providing tobacco cessation support via Wi-Fi APs is feasible and efficient, and smokers have high intention to receive tobacco cessation support. It is suggested hospitals, academia, information technology industries, and government agencies must work together to provide tobacco cessation support via mHealth.

Glycosylation of dentin matrix protein 1 is critical for fracture healing via promoting chondrogenesis / 医学前沿

Fractures are frequently occurring diseases that endanger human health. Crucial to fracture healing is cartilage formation, which provides a bone-regeneration environment. Cartilage consists of both chondrocytes and extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM of cartilage includes collagens and various types of proteoglycans (PGs), which play important roles in maintaining primary stability in fracture healing. The PG form of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1-PG) is involved in maintaining the health of articular cartilage and bone. Our previous data have shown that DMP1-PG is richly expressed in the cartilaginous calluses of fracture sites. However, the possible significant role of DMP1-PG in chondrogenesis and fracture healing is unknown. To further detect the potential role of DMP1-PG in fracture repair, we established a mouse fracture model by using a glycosylation site mutant DMP1 mouse (S89G-DMP1 mouse). Upon inspection, fewer cartilaginous calluses and down-regulated expression levels of chondrogenesis genes were observed in the fracture sites of S89G-DMP1 mice. Given the deficiency of DMP1-PG, the impaired IL-6/JAK/STAT signaling pathway was observed to affect the chondrogenesis of fracture healing. Overall, these results suggest that DMP1-PG is an indispensable proteoglycan in chondrogenesis during fracture healing.

Mechanism of Chinese Material Medica in Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Cerebral Infarction / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Diabetes mellitus complicated with cerebral infarction is the commonest and most serious vascular complication of diabetes mellitus. With a high disability and mortality rate, it seriously threatens human health. Because the pathogenesis is still unclear, more and more scholars have focused on the research of diabetic cerebral infarction at home and abroad. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) compounds have a remarkable curative effect in the treatment of diabetic cerebral infarction. Its mechanisms of action mainly include anti-hypertension, reduction of blood sugar and lipid, promotion of vascular regeneration and vascular endothelial function, anticoagulation, anti-thrombosis, improvement of nerve function defect, reduction of infarct volume, improvement of hemorheological, inhibition of inflammation and platelet aggregation, and promotion of collateral circulation. Through literature search, this paper summarizes the research progress of the mechanisms of TCM compounds in treating diabetic cerebral infarction in recent five years at home and abroad, in order to provide reference for clinical treatment.

Feasibility and acceptability of using Wi-Fi access points to provide smoking cessation help at 17 airports and 38 railway stations across China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background:@#The use of mobile phone significantly improved the outcomes of tobacco cessation. However, its feasibility and acceptability were unclear in the Chinese population. This study was to explore the feasibility of using Wi-Fi access points (APs) as a platform to provide smoking cessation help at 17 airports and 38 railway stations across China.@*Methods:@#This study was divided into two stages: platform development and population survey. In the first stage, a survey platform was developed and incorporated into Wi-Fi service at airports and railway stations, which could provide survey content as a pop-up window when participants tried to access the Wi-Fi service. In the second stage, a population survey was conducted to explore the intention to receive tobacco cessation support.@*Results:@#A total of 20,199 users participated and 13,628 users submitted the survey, with a response rate of 67.47%. The smoking rate was 30.9%. A total of 86.58% of smoking participants and 2.44% of non-smoking participants wished to receive tobacco cessation support, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed intention to receive support did not differ in age, gender, and heaviness of smoking (P > 0.05).@*Conclusion:@#Providing tobacco cessation support via Wi-Fi APs is feasible and efficient, and smokers have high intention to receive tobacco cessation support. It is suggested hospitals, academia, information technology industries, and government agencies must work together to provide tobacco cessation support via mHealth.

Analysis of surveillance results of iodine deficiency disorders in Chongqing, 2017 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To master the current status of iodine deficiency disorders in Chongqing,and provide evidence for scientific prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods In 2017,a cross-sectional survey method was adopted.In 26 districts (counties) in Chongqing,each district (county) was divided into five sampling areas by east,west,south,north and middle.One township/street (including at least one street) was selected in each area and one primary school was selected in each township/street.Forty non-boarding students aged 8 to 10 years old (half males and half females) were selected from each primary school.Their salt and instant urine samples were collected for salt iodine and urine iodine detection.At the same time,thyroid volume was measured in 8 to 10 years old students in 14 districts (counties).Results A total of 5 546 edible salt samples were collected,including 5 520 iodized salts,5 094 qualified iodized salts and 26 non-iodized salts.The average salt iodine content was 26.1 mg/kg and the range was 23.2 to 30.7 mg/kg.Iodized salt coverage rate,iodized salt pass rate,qualified iodized salt consumption rate,and non-iodized salt rate were 99.53％ (5 520/5 546),92.28％ (5 094/5 520),91.85％ (5 094/5 546),and 0.47％ (26/5 546),respectively.A total of 5 565 urine samples were tested,the median urinary iodine was 221.9 μg/L,urinary iodine ＜ 50 μg/L accounted for 2.98％ (166/5 565),50-99 μg/L accounted for 8.09％ (450/5 565),100-199 μg/L accounted for 31.66％ (1 762/5 565),200-299 μg/L accounted for 30.03％ (1 671/5 565),and ≥300 μg/L accounted for 27.24％ (1 516/5 565).A total of 3 111 children were tested for thyroid volume.The median thyroid volume was 2.6,2.9,3.1 ml in the 8th,9th,and 10th years,and the thyroid enlargement rate was 1.93％ (60/3 111).The districts (counties) had a goiter rate ranging from 0.45％ to 2.74％.Conclusions The consumption rates of qualified iodized salt and the median urinary iodine in Chongqing have reached the national standard for eliminating iodine deficiency disorders.The rate of goiter in children has remained at a low level,but the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in some areas has shown a downward trend.The monitoring of the presence of non-iodized salt districts (counties) should be emphasized.

Analysis on the survey results of iodine content in drinking water in Chongqing, 2017 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To understand the distribution of iodine content in drinking water of residents in Chongqing.Methods In 2017,according to the "Technical Plan for the Investigation of Iodine Content of Drinking Water in Chongqing",surveys on water iodine content,water source type,well depth and geographical situation were carried out in 38 districts (counties) and Wansheng Economic and Technological Development Zone in Chongqing,with township (town,street office) as a survey unit.Among them,the township (town,street office) with the median of water iodine ＞ 10 μg/L was investigated with a administrative village (residential committee) as a survey unit.The "Method for Iodine Detection in Iodine-deficient and High-iodine Areas" recommended by the National Iodine Deficiency Disease Reference Laboratory was adopted for water iodine detection.The water iodine contents of different water source types,different well depths and different areas were compared and analyzed.Results In 2017,a total of 17 584 water samples were collected in Chongqing.The median of water iodine was 1.7 μg/L,ranging from 0.2 to 124.0 μg/L,with the content ＜ 10 μg/L accounted for 96.13％ (16 903/17 584),10-100 μg/L accounted for 3.86％ (679/17 584),and ＞ 100 μg/L accounted for 0.01％ (2/17 584).Among the 1 023 townships (towns,street offices),1 020 townships (towns,street offices) were water iodine ＜ 10 μg/L,and 3 townships (towns,street offices) were water iodine in 10-100 μg/L,they were Anfu Street (25.8 μg/L),Qingsheng Town (11.8 μg/L) and Longji Town (31.0 μg/L) of Rongchang District.The differences of iodine content between deep well water,tap water andshallow well water (4.2,1.5,1.2 μg/L) were statistically significant (H =2 008.4,P ＜ 0.01).There was a positive correlation between well depth and water iodine (r =0.298,P ＜ 0.01).The medians of water iodine in main,northeast,southeast,and western areas were 1.8,0.8,1.1 and 3.7 μg/L,respectively,and the differences of water iodine content between different regions were statistically significant (H =4 080.5,P ＜ 0.01).The water iodine contents of northeast and southeast areas (both were mountainous areas) were relatively low.Conclusions Chongqing is an iodine deficiency area.In most areas,the iodine content of drinking water is low,and the risk of iodine deficiency in mountainous areas is greater than that in other areas.