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Superb microvascular imaging(SMI)is a new kind of Doppler technology,being sensitive for displaying low-velocity microvascular blood flow in muscles,tendons,synovium,nerves and reflecting microcirculation changes,able to provide imaging evidences for diagnosing musculoskeletal system diseases,monitoring processes and evaluating therapeutic effect.The research progresses of SMI applicated in musculoskeletal diseases were reviewed in this article.
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Objective @#To investigate the reversal effect and mechanism of cinobufagin (CBG) on cisplatin resist- ance in human ovarian cancer cells . @*Methods @#A2780 cell line and its cisplatin-resistant cell line A2780/DDP are common ovarian cancer cells in clinic , so these two cell lines were selected as the research objects . The cell viabil- ity was detected by cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay , and the cell proliferation ability was detected by plate clo- ning and 5-ethynyl-2 ′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Hoechst staining was used to observe cell apoptosis . Cell scratch test and Transwell test were used to evaluate cell migration and invasion ability. Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of phosphatidylinosi- tol 3-kinase/protein kinase ( PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT) . @*Results@#Compared with A2780 cells , the drug resistance indexes of A2780/DDP cells were 5 . 636 , 5 . 864 , 5 . 695 , respectively. After treatment of A2780/DDP cells with CBG (2 , 4 , 6 mg/ml) , the reversal resistance indexes were 1 . 617 , 2. 570 , 3 . 461 , respectively. CBG treatment significantly increased the level of apoptosis and inhibi- ted the proliferation , migration and invasion of the cells in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0. 05) . Western blot results showed that compared with A2780 cells , the relative ratio of P-PI3K/PI3K and P-AKT/AKT protein levels , as well as the protein expression of N-cadherin , Vimentin , and Snail were higher in the control group (A2780/DDP) cells , while the protein expression of E-cadherin was lower ( t P-PI3K/PI3K = 8 . 115 , t P-AKT/AKT = 17. 62 , t N-cadherin = 6. 126 , t Vimentin = 4. 001 , t Snail = 17. 333 , t E-cadherin = 4. 620 , P < 0. 01) ; As the dose of CBG increased , the protein expression levels of P-PI3K , P-AKT , N-cadherin , Vimentin , and Snail in drug-resistant cells de- creased , while the protein expression level of E-cadherin increased ( FP-PI3K = 268. 5 , FP-AKT = 190. 5 , FN-cadherin = 24. 02 , F Vimentin = 57 . 65 , FSnail = 87 . 24 , FE-cadherin = 135 . 8 , P < 0. 05) . qRT-PCR results showed that with the in- crease of CBG concentration , the mRNA expression levels of PI3K , AKT , N-cadherin , Vimentin and Snail de- creased , while the mRNA expression level of E-cadherin gradually increased ( FPI3K = 101 . 1 , FAKT = 558. 3 , FN-cadherin = 86. 97 , F Vimentin = 105 . 9 , FSnail = 85 . 71 , FE-cadherin = 80. 96 , P < 0. 01) .@*Conclusion @#CBG can reverse cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer A2780/DDP cell line , and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and inhibition of EMT by CBG.
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Objective To observe the value of conventional ultrasound combined with ultrasonic elastography for evaluating the severity of active lesions of juvenile localized scleroderma(JLS).Methods Totally 27 JLS children with 46 active lesions were prospectively enrolled.The thickness,echo and blood flow of skin and subcutaneous tissue of JLS lesions and the paired sites were evaluated using conventional ultrasound,while the skin stiffness of all lesions and paired sites were assessed using shear wave elastography(SWE),and the strain ratio of lesions and surrounding skin were evaluated using strain elastography(SE).The thickness,echo and blood flow of skin as well as subcutaneous tissue,and the Young's modulus of skin were compared between JLS active lesions and the paired sites.The correlations of the individual sum total of each Young's modulus and the limited scleroderma activity index(LoSAI)or the limited scleroderma injury index(LoSDI)were explored.Results Compared with the paired site,no significant difference of the skin thickness was found among 46 JLS lesions(P＞0.05),but JLS lesions had thinner subcutaneous tissue(P＜0.05)and greater Young's moduli(all P＜0.05).The strain ratio of the lesions and surrounding skin were all larger than 2.For JLS children with active lesions,the individual sum total of Young's moduli had moderate rank correlations with LoSAI(rs=0.63-0.69,all P＜0.05),but there was no significant rank correlation with LoSDI(rs=0.27-0.33,P＞0.05).Conclusion Compared with the paired site,JLS active lesions had thinner subcutaneous tissue and stiffer skin.The higher the lesion skin stiffness,the more severe the JLS lesion activity.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on post-stroke aphasia (PSA). MethodsLiteratures about tDCS for PSA were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Embase CNKI and Wanfang Data, until December, 2021. The contents of the author, publication time, subjects, intervention methods and time, main outcome indicators and conclusions were extracted. ResultsA total of 1 026 articles were returned and 45 articles were finally included. The publication time was from 2010 to 2021. The subjects of the study were patients with PSA. The main outcome indicators were the various speech scales and their sub-items. For most of the trials, scores of the scales were better in the experimental groups than in the control groups after treatment, and a few found little improvement in Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, or only improved in complex language tasks. tDCS can improve the repetition, naming, spelling and verbal fluency of PSA patients, which might relate with electrode placement, current magnitude, duration, intensity and left cortical integrity. ConclusiontDCS is effective on different language sub-items of PSA, and various with the program of tDCS.
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Alzheimer's disease(AD)and Parkinson's disease(PD)are common neurodegenerative diseases that seriously threaten the health of the elderly, involving various abnormalities in physiology and metabolism including the impairment of mitochondrial function, Ca 2+ homeostasis deregulation, oxidative stress, aggregation of misfolded proteins, autophagy and inflammation.However, mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of these diseases have not been clearly elucidated, thus impeding advances in their treatment.In recent years, it has been found that mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes(MAM)play an important role in the development of AD and PD and exert their effects by regulating the functions of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula.This article reviews studies of the past decade related to the effects of MAM on AD and PD, aiming to generate insights for exploring the constituent proteins of MAM and the molecular mechanisms of AD and PD via endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria Ca 2+ transport and ER stress regulated by MAM.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical value of the long non-coding RNA HOXA terminal transcript antisense RNA (HOTTIP) for diagnosing pancreatic cancer (PC).Methods:PC tissue and adjacent normal tissue (>1 cm distant from cancer tissue) from 18 PC patients confirmed by pathology after surgery were collected from June 2017 to December 2018 in Xuzhou Central Hospital. Plasma samples from 78 PC patients clinically confirmed were collected, those from 78 healthy individuals were designed as healthy controls and those from 50 patients of liver cancer, 50 patients of colorectal cancer and 50 patients of gastric cancer were also collected as disease controls. HOTTIP expression in PC tissue and plasma of PC patients, disease controls and healthy controls was tested by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; the plasma CA19-9 level was tested by CLIA. The correlation between plasma HOTTIP, cancer tissue HOTTIP and plasma CA19-9 were analyzed, and the relationship between plasma HOTTIP and clinicopathological features was analyzed. The survival curves of patients with high and low expression of HOTTIP were drawn, and the difference of survival rates between the two groups was compared by log-rank test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to calculate area under the ROC curve (AUC), and the diagnostic performance of plasma HOTTIP for PC was evaluated.Results:Compared to normal pancreatic tissue, the level of HOTTIP expression was significantly up-regulated in pancreatic cancer tissue (2.24±0.25 vs 0.62±0.11, P<0.001), the relative expression of plasma HOTTIP of PC, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer patients and healthy controls were 1.33±0.32, 0.57±0.17, 0.51±0.10, 0.41±0.09 and 0.54±0.05; HOTTIP level of PC patients was higher than that of liver cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer patients and healthy controls (all P<0.05), but the difference on HOTTIP level between liver cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer patients and healthy controls was not statistically significant. The plasma HOTTIP of PC patients had a strong positive correlation with plasma CA19-9 and also had a positive correlation with HOTTIP level in cancer tissue (all P<0.05); meanwhile the plasma level of HOTTIP was significantly correlated with TNM stage ( P=0.029), but not with sex, age, lymph node metastasis and tumor size. The median survival time of patients with high HOTTIP level was obviously lower than that of those with low HOTTIP level (15.9 months vs 30.6 months, P<0.05). The AUC of plasma HOTTIP for diagnosing PC was 0.81(95% CI 0.74-0.87). At the optimal cutoff value of 1.14, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 62%, 94% and 74%. By combining plasma HOTTIP with CA19-9, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy can be increased to 81%, 97% and 84%, respectively. Conclusions:Plasma HOTTIP level has a significant value in the diagnosis of PC.
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Objective:To investigate the levels of trace elements(iron, zinc, magnesium and copper) in 0~9 years old children in Shenyang, and to explore the relationship between trace elements and humoral immunity(IgA, IgG and IgM).Methods:From September 2018 to October 2019, retrospective analysis was performed in children aged 0-9 who admitted to the Fourth Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University and underwent trace elements and humoral immunity(IgA, IgG and IgM).Results:A total of 422 children met the criteria, including 228 boys and 194 girls.The rates of iron deficiency in children aged 0-3, 4-6 and 7-9 were 17.5%, 18.2% and 14.0%, respectively, and zinc deficiency rates were 10.0%, 9.0% and 10.5%, respectively.There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of iron deficiency and zinc deficiency in each age group(χ 2=0.520, P>0.05; χ 2=0.135, P>0.05). Magnesium and copper levels in all children were in the normal range.The levels of IgA and IgG [(1.24±0.77)g/L, (9.07±3.04)g/L] in the zinc deficiency group were significantly lower than those in the normal group [(0.94±0.55)g/L, (8.18±2.11)g/L], the differences were statistically significant( t=-2.858, -2.440, all P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in IgM level between the two groups( t=-0.870, P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in IgA, IgG and IgM levels between the iron deficiency group and the iron normal group( t=-1.346, -0.960, 0.029, all P>0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between zinc level and IgA, IgG levels( r=0.184, 0.142, all P<0.05), but there was no significant correlation with IgM( r=0.08, P>0.05). Iron, copper and magnesium levels were not significantly correlated with IgA, IgG and IgM levels( P>0.05). Conclusion:Deficiency of zinc can cause reduction of IgA and IgG, which may be related to repeated infection in children.
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This paper reviewed the filiform needle insertionmethods in multi-edition of , explored its evolution and reasons, and analyzed its development trend. By referring multi-edition of and related literature regarding acupuncture manipulation published after 1940s, combined with acupuncture manipulation characteristics of modern and contemporary acupuncture masters, it was found that the definition of needle insertion methods needed to be improved after several changes. The classification of needle insertion methods was stable over development. The thrusting method of needle insertion was previously included, and then disappeared. The description of needle insertion methods was improving. These evolutions were mainly influenced by the academic and clinical background, the academic thought of writers and acupuncture masters, the internationalization and standardization of acupuncture and so on. The twist-inserting method and some other needle-inserting instrument meet the safe, sterile, painless and convenient development trend, which might be included in in the future.
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Healthy granulation tissue played an important role in the wound healing process. However, some factors which interfered the process would result in unhealthy granulation tissue. Unhealthy granulation tissue may affect wound repairing. This article would focus on the concept, mechanisms, interventions of unhealthy granulation tissue.
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Objective To verify the efficiency and stability of hydrogen-rich water preparation with hydrogen-rich rods. Methods ①Seven firenew hydrogen-rich rods were separately placed in seven plastic bottles, each filled with distilled water and soaked for 6 h, before the hydrogen concentration of the water was measured.This process was repeated 10 times.②After the hydrogen-rich rods with the strongest and weakest hydrogen product capacity were removed, the remaining 5 hydrogen-rich rods were placed separately into 5 plastic bottles filled with distilled water,put in a water bath pot at 20,40 and 60℃, respectively, and kept for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h, respectively.Then, the hydrogen concentration, oxidation-reduction potential(ORP),and dissolved oxygen concentration(DO) were measured at various time points.③In order to determine the hydrogen emission rate from the hydrogen-rich water, the hydrogen-rich rods were constantly kept in some samples and the others were removed.All the sample bottle caps were kept open during the experimental process, and the hydrogen concentration was measured at such time points as 0, 10 and 30 min, 1, 2, 5, 12, 24, 30, 48 and 72 h, respectively.Results ①The hydrogen-rich rods used in this study could well meet the requirements.②When the environment temperature was kept constant, the hydrogen concentration of the water was increased with the soaking time of the hydrogen-rich rods, and the ORP of the water was reduced.However, the DO of the water was decreased with the rise of the environment temperature.③When the hydrogen-rich water was kept in opened plastic bottles with a 25 mm oral diameter, the hydrogen concentration of the samples with the hydrogen-rich rods reserved was almost about 0.50 ppm until 72 h, and that of the others was reduced to almost 0 ppm.Conclusion Our results demonstrate that the hydrogen-rich rods test is a simple and effective method for preparing hydrogen-rich water, which will be an valuable and useful method for using hydrogen-rich water in health promotion and prevention of chronic diseases.
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[Summary] Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into noraml control group(NC, n = 10) and high fat diet group(HF, n=22). 10 weeks later, the HF group rats were injected STZ(30 mg/ kg) to set up the model of diabetes complicating with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Then, HF group were randomly divided into model control group(MC, n = 8) and Saxagliptin intervene group( M + S, n = 8). The M + S group were made an intervention with Saxagliptin(10 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ) for 8 weeks. At the end of 18 weeks, the fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, liver function, liver weight, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 6 were measured. HOMA-IR was calculated. Western bolt was used to determine the expression of NF-κB in hepatic tissue. The level of the indexes above increased in the MC group than in the NC group. But the indexes above mentioned in M + S group were ameliorated. The expression of NF-κB was significantly up regulated in MC group as compared with the NC group, and significantly reduced in the M+S group than in the MC group. The results of correlation analysis revealed that TNF-αand IL-6 were positive correlated with HOMR-IR, respectively. Saxagliptin can effectively reduce the blood glucose level and alleviate insulin resistance, then further relieve the inflammation of liver injury, and finally to alleviate the condition of T2DM with NAFLD. It may play a protective role in the damaged hepatic cells.