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Objective To evaluate the features and diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) diffusion weighted imaging in placenta implantation .Methods 30 patients suspected with placenta implantation were selected.MRI diffusion weighted imaging was applied to examine placenta implantation ,pathological diagnosis was used as the gold standard of placenta implantation .The display rate of MRI direct signs and indirect signs in placenta implantation,ADC values in different degree of implanted placenta ( adherent placenta , implanted placenta and penetrated placenta) were evaluated.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy for placenta implantation and Kappa consistence check with pathology were calculated . Results The display rates were all high of direct signs and indirect signs of MRI diffusion weighted imaging in diagnosing placenta implantation .The ADC value of the implanted placenta was higher than that of the adherent placenta,the difference was statistically significant (t=5.216,P=0.001).There was no statistically significant differ-ence in ADC value between the implanted placenta and penetrated placenta (t=1.014,P=0.105).There was no statistically significant difference in ADC value between the non -implanted placenta and adherent placenta ( t =1.478,P =0.090).MRI diffusion weighted imaging detected the non -implanted placenta in 7 cases,placenta implantation in 23 cases,while the pathological diagnosis detected the non -implanted placenta in 6 cases,placenta implantation in 24 cases.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of MRI diffusion weighted imaging in the diagnosis of placenta implantation were 92.00％,87.50％, 95.65％,71.43％,90.00％,respectively.Based on the pathological results ,the consistency checking Kappa value of MRI diffusion weighted imaging in diagnosis of placenta implantation was 0.772.Conclusion The display rate of MRI diffusion weighted imaging in diagnosing placenta implantation is high ,and it has high clinical value .Application of ADC value can distinguish the degree of placenta implantation .
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Objective To establish a suitable extraction and purification process line for industrial production of liquiritin. Methods With the extraction rate of liquiritin as index, orthogonal test was used to determine the optimum conditions; with the retention rate of liquiritin and impurity removal rate as the indexes, orthogonal test was used to optimize the best ultrafiltration process parameters. Results The optimum extraction conditions were: 24 times 0.75%ammonia water, extracted three times, each time under 60 min. The liquiritin average extraction rate was 72.3%. The best ultrafiltration process parameters were: 10 nm inorganic ceramic membrane, pressure of 0.12 MPa, temperature of 25 ℃. The liquiritin average retention rate was 98.9%, and the average removal rate of impurity was 23.3%. Conclusion This process has low production cost and good safety, and is suitable for industrial application.
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Objective To study the effects of ultrafiltration process on activating blood and removing blood stasis efficacy ofShentong Zhuyu Decoction; To investigate the feasibility of applying ultrafiltration technology in purifying Shentong Zhuyu Decoction.Methods The mice micro artery and vein diameter, clotting time and opening capillary of auricle microcirculation of mice were used as indexes to observe the effects of different ultrafiltration process on activating blood and removing blood stasis efficacy ofShentong Zhuyu Decoction.ResultsShentong Zhuyu Decoction showed satisfying efficacy of activating blood and removing blood stasis. There was no significant difference between the non-ultrafiltration process and ultrafiltration processed by 20 and 50 nm ultrafiltration membranes.Conclusion Ultrafiltration technology can be applied to purifying Shentong Zhuyu Decoction, and the membrane pore size must be more than 20 nm.
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Objective To discuss the teaching outcomes of project draft design combined with PBL teaching method in TCM pharmaceutics technology.Methods Fifty students majoring in 2009 TCM Pharmaceutics Technolgy were divided into A and B groups. 25 students in group A were set as experimental group by using project draft design combined with PBL teaching method, while 25 students in group B were set as control group by using traditional teaching method. This study evaluated the effects of teaching methods through questionnaire and score analysis of the two groups.Results Students taught by project draft design combined with PBL teaching method generally believed that this teaching method can stimulate their learning interest, improve their ability of locating problems, solving problems, and comprehensively applying knowledge and enhance test scores.Conclusion Project draft design combined with PBL teaching method shows better teaching outcomes than traditional teaching method, which can cultivate students’ all-round ability and comprehensive quality.
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Objective To compare the micromeritics properties and external dissolution rates of Sanhuang Powder in different particle sizes;To provide references for its direct use and application as raw materials for TCM preparation.Methods Particle size, bulk density, tap density, angle of repose, and hygroscopicity ofSanhuang micro-powder and common powder were investigated and evaluated. External dissolution rates ofSanhuang micro-powder and common powder were detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.Results The flowability of bothSanhuang micro-powder and common powder were not very well. With the sizes decreasing, the hygroscopicity of micro-powder became stronger. The external dissolution ofSanhuang micro-powder was more sufficient and much more quickly than common powder.Conclusion Properties ofSanhuang micro-powder and common powder are obviously different.Sanhuang micro-powder has stronger hygroscopicity and worse flowability compared with common powder. However, external dissolution ofSanhuang micro-powder is more sufficient and much more quickly than common powder. WhenSanhuang micro-powder is used directly and used as raw materials for TCM preparation, much more discretion should be considered.
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Objective To optimize technology of three can group dynamic countercurrent extraction process of ferulic acid from Angelicae Sinensis Radix.Methods The content of ferulic acid was determined by HPLC. With content of ferulic acid as index, comprehensive test was used to investigate effect of extraction solvent and extraction time on extraction efficiency.Results The optimum process parameters were as follows:extraction solvent with 10 times of water;20 minutes for each extraction time.Conclusion The process which uses method of three can group of dynamic countercurrent extraction of ferulic acid from Angelicae Sinensis Radix is reliable, highly efficient and energy saving.
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Objective To investigate the effects of volatile oil of Fructus Evodia, mustar d oil and total anthraquinone in Rheum on the transcutaneous permeability of paeoniflorin. Methods Using intelligent transdermal diffusion cell and excised mice skin in vitro as transdermal barrier, the kinetics parameters such as cumulative permeation quantity, permeation rate and permeation lagged time of the three kinds of penetration enhancers on paeoniflorin were determined by HPLC in 12 hours. Results The penetration rate of volatile oil of Fructus Evodia, mustard oil and total anthraquinone in Rheum were 8.188 6, 3.411 7, 1.230 3 μg/(cm2?h), respectively, the enhancement ratios were 22.6, 9.40, 3.40, respectively, and the permeation lagged times were 0.93, 0.51, 0.83 h, respectively. Conclusion Three penetration enhancers all can enhance previously percutaneous absorption of paeoniflorin, which provides reference for the selection of the penetration enhancers of transdermal delivery.
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Objective To discuss the teaching outcomes of problem-based learning method in classroom teaching of TCM pharmaceutics.Methods Fifty students majoring in 2009 science of Chinese materia medica were taught by using traditional teaching method in teaching of TCM pharmaceutics, and 56 students majoring in 2009 TCM pharmaceutics by using of problem-based learning method. This study evaluated students’ adaption to the two teaching methods through score analysis and questionnaire of the two classes.Results Students taught by problem-based learning method generally believed that this teaching method can stimulate their learning interest, improve self-study ability, thinking ability, creativity, and language competence, and enhance team spirit.Conclusion Problem-based learning method shows better teaching outcomes than traditional teaching method. It can guide students to look for ways to tackle problems in the course of solving problems, and cultivate all-round ability and comprehensive quality of students.
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Objective To establish the quality control method for Sanhuang Suppository. Methods Coptidis rhizoma, Scutellariae radix and Phellodendri chinensis cortex in Sanhuang Suppository were identified by TLC. The contents of baicalin and berberine hydrocholride were determined by HPLC which was performed on an Agilent Zorbaxsb C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 0.45 μm) with a mobile phase of methanol-water-phosphoric acid (47∶53∶0.2), with flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The wavelength of detector was set at 280 nm for baicalin and 365 nm for berberine hydrochloride, with column temperature of 30℃.Results Chromatographic characteristics of qualitative identification were evident. The linear range of baicalin was 0.248-2.48 μg (r=0.999 9) and the average recovery rate was 99.77% (RSD=1.05%). The linear range of berberine hydrocholride was 0.336-1.68 μg (r=0.999 9) and the average recovery rate was 97.74% (RSD=1.48%).Conclusion The method of qualitative and quantitative analysis is accurate, feasible and suitable for effective quality control of Sanhuang Suppository.
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Objective To establish a method for determination of polysaccharides in Weixuening Granule, which can be used for quality control of the preparation. Methods Polysaccharides was determined by improved differential phenol-sulfuric method with glucose as reference, and the color conditions were optimized at the wavelength of 487 nm, with the concentration of phenol and sulfuric acid, and reaction time as investigated factors. Results The best color conditions of polysaccharides were 0.04 g/mL phenol 1 mL, 87.5% sulfuric acid 5 mL, and reaction time of 15 min. Glucose had a good linear relationship with absorbanceΔA at the range of 15.3-306.0μg, r=0.999 7. The average recovery was 103.5%, and RSD was 2.9%. The average content of polysaccharides in Weixuening Granule was 27.04%and RSD was 1.1%. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate, stable and reliable, and can be used to determine the content of polysaccharides in Weixuening Granule.
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Objective To observe the effects of Qizhi Zhoufei Granules on IL-8, TNF-αand ET-1 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) model rats, and to study its mechanism of preventing and treating COPD. Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, positive control group, Qizhi low-dose group, Qizhi medium-dose group and Qizhi high-dose group. The COPD model was established by smoking and infusing lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After 15 days, the rats were given the drugs by orally taking once a day. On the 43rd day, the change of IL-8, TNF-α and ET-1 content in serum and BALF were measured by radio-immunity assay. Results Compared with the blank group, the level of IL-8, TNF-α and ET-1 in serum and BALF were considerably raised in model group (P<0.05). Whereas compared with the model group, the level of TNF-αin serum of Qizhi high-dose group was remarkably lowered (P<0.05), the level of IL-8 in serum of Qizhi low-dose group and Qizhi high-dose group was remarkably lowered (P<0.05), the level of TNF-αin BALF of Qizhi medium-dose group was remarkably lowered (P<0.05), the level of IL-8 in BALF of Qizhi low-, medium- and high-dose group was remarkably lowered (P<0.05), and the level of ET-1 in BALF of Qizhi high-dose group and Qizhi medium-dose group was remarkably lowered (P<0.05). Conclusion Qizhi Zhoufei Granules have protective effect on lung tissue of COPD rats, and can adjust the content of IL-8, TNF-α and ET-1, which may be one of its mechanisms of intervening occurrence and development of COPD.
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Objective To find out the optimum extraction process for Weiweining pill. Methods The extraction process was studied by uniform design with the yield of extracted Paeoniflorin, n-butanol extract and ethyl acetate extract as markers. Results The optimum extraction process was adding 16 times amont of 60% alcohol, refluxing and extracting for 2 times, 65 min for each time. Conclusion This extraction process shows good stability and is available for the production of Weiweining pill.
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Objective To establish a method for determining the content of Naringin and Hesperidin in Zengshi Keli by HPLC. Methods The Kromasil C18 column with acetonitrile-water-phosphoric acid (20∶80∶0.02) as the mobile phase was used. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the detective wavelength was 283 nm, the temperature of column is 35 ℃. Results The calibration curve were linear in the range of 0.178 5～0.892 5 ?g for Naringin and 0.073 68～0.368 4 ?g for Hesperidin (r=0.999 9) respectively. The average recovery was 97.24% (RSD=1.21%) and 96.95% (RSD=1.49%) respectively. Conclusion The method was simple, accurate, reproducible and can be used for quality control of Zengshi Keli.