ABSTRACT
Objective To establish normal kidney data by measuring the diameter and volume of the kidneys in a -dult Guizhou miniature pig.Methods Twelve healthy adult Guizhou miniature pigs (male 6, female 6) were used in this study.The kidneys were scanned by using Siemens dual source CT , and the raw data were used for multiplanar reconstruc-tion (MPR) and volume reconstruction (VR) using the software Aquarius iNtuition 4.4.The anteroposterior and left to right dimensions of both kidneys were measured at the median transverse plane of the organ , and the long and short diame-ters of both kidneys were measured at the maximum coronal section of the organ .The volume of both kidneys and miniature pig itself, the ratio of long to short diameters of both kidneys , and the relationship between the ratio of long to short diame-ter and the kidney were calculated .The correlation between the length dimension , length diameter ratio and the volume of the kidney was analyzed , and the correlation between volume of the kidney and miniature pig was analyzed as well .P<0.05 was set as statistically significant .Results The dimensions of anteroposterior , left to right, long and short diameters of left kidney were 40.40 ±1.67 mm, 27.47 ±1.40 mm, 80.36 ±2.74 mm and 31.79 ±1.99 mm, respectively.The vol-ume of left kidney was 52.78 ±2.25 cm3 , and the ratio of long to short diameter of the left kidney was 2.42 to 2.71:1. The dimension of anteroposterior , left to right, long and short diameters of the right kidney were 40.95 ±1.43 mm, 26.90 ±0.65 mm,79.03 ±2.38 mm and 32.04 ±2.34 mm, respectively .The volume of right kidney was 51.91 ±2.25 cm3 , and the ratio of long to short diameter of the right kidney was 2.33 to 2.77:1.There were highly positive and significant correlations between the long diameter and the kidney volume (rleft =0.92, P<0.05;rright =0.88, P<0.05) as well as between the kidney volume and the miniature pig (rleft =0.96, P<0.05;rright=0.98, P<0.05), while the ratio of long to short diameter of the kidney was negatively related to the volume of the miniature pig ( rleft =-0.51, P<0.05;rright=-0.67, P<0.05).Conclusions Multislice spiral CT and its post-processing software can accurately measure various data of the kidneys of Guizhou miniature pig in vivo , providing normal reference of the animal model for the research of hu -man kidney diseases .
ABSTRACT
Aim To discover specific telomerase inhibitors by high-throughput screening in the more than 2 000 strains of actinomycetes fermentation broth.Methods After verifying the three kinds of screening models for telomerase inhibitor by yeast PCR,the three yeast strains were inoculated overnight into yeast liquid culture which was lacking in histidine and contained 3-AT.Then concentration of yeast strains in culture liquid and dosage of screening sample were regulated for better adjustment to the high-throughput screening.At last the adjusted liquid culture containing yeast strain piped to 96-well plates,drug samples and control article were also added,then the yeast was incubated in the thermostat oscillator.At the same time OD_(595nm) of the yeast liquid was measured every 12 h by using Multifunctional Microplate Analyzer,and the samples whose inhibitory efficiency was over 0.45 were selected for secondary screening.Results The high-throughput screening method related to yeast three-hybrid system was effective in screening samples that had potential telomerase inhibitory ability.The initial concentration of yeast liquid OD_(595nm) was 0.04 and the best dosage of samples was 5 ml.14 active samples,whose inhibitory efficiency was over 0.45,were founded after primary and secondary screening.Conclusions High-throughput screening method related to yeast three-hybrid system is simple and stable in discovering telomerase inhibitors,and 14 new antitumor compounds are identified,which lays the foundation in the development of new anti-tumor agents.
ABSTRACT
This thesis discusses the innovation of pharmaceutical education by analyzing its new trends.The author also puts forward some methods to accelerate the innovation in pharmaceutical education.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the counteraction of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide(GLP) on the inhibition of mice splenocyte proliferation and IL-1? and IL-2 mRNA expression induced by prostaglandin E2(PGE2).Methods Mixed lymphocyte culture reaction(MLR) method was used for the experiment.The lymphocyte proliferation was determined by MTT method,and the levels of IL-1? and IL-2 mRNA expression were evaluated by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results After co-culture with PGE2 for 48 hours,the splenocyte proliferation was inhibited to some extent,and the difference was significant when the concentration of PGE2 was over 10?mol/L(P
ABSTRACT
miRNA are large class of small noncoding RNAs that play important roles in the development of various diseases such as cancers.This review summarizes the miRNA biogenesis and related enzymes or cofactors,the alteration of miRNA expression induced by antitumor drugs as well as the interaction of these drugs and miRNA.The paper also predicts the future research aspects for miRNA,including the functional studies of miRNAs,the drug screening based on miRNA and the regulatory mechanisms of miRNA expression by drugs.
ABSTRACT
HIV envelope glycoprotein transmembrane subunit gp41 plays a major role in the fusion of viral and target cell membranes. The extracellular region of gp41 consists of N-terminal fusion peptide and downstream N- and C-heptad repeat (NHR and CHR) regions. The peptidesderived from the NHR and CHR regions, designated N- and C-peptides, respectively, have potent inhibitory activity on the HIV mediated cell fusion. C-peptide T-20 has just got the approval of U.S. FDA, which became the first success of one new class anti-HIV agents, named HIV-fusion inhibitors. However, a relatively long peptide such as T-20 suffers from several limitations including proteolytic sensitivity, large dosage, therefore it is unable to produced by gene engineering. Alternately, shorter peptidic fusion inhibitors and active peptides suitable for gene engineering are pursued. In the recent years, this kind of peptide modifications are hot spots in HIV research field and contribute a lot to the inhibitory mechanism of N- and C-peptide.
ABSTRACT
To explore the effects of artisense IRAK-2 oligonucleotide on the prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis in human umbilicalvein endothelial cells (HUVEC) induced by interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF).Methods:The HUVECs were transfectedwith antisense interleulkin-1 receptor associated kinase-2 oligonucleotide (IRAK-20DN) and stimulated with IL-1 and TNF. The levels of PGI2release were analyzed by competitive ELISA. Results: Pre-transfection with antisense IRAK-20DN could remarkably decrease the levels ofPGI2 synthesis induced by IL-1 in time- and dose-dependent manner, whereas it could not attenuate the one stimulated by TNF. Conclusion:The response of antisense IRAK-2 ODN to IL-1 and TNF-stimulated PGI2 release were different. IRAK-2 plays a key role in the IL-1 signalingevents leading to PGI2 release.
ABSTRACT
Aim To isolate, purify, and chemically characterize a polysaccharide showing inhibition of the six-?-helix bundle formation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp41 from cultured broth of a streptomyces sp.strain. Methods Ethanol was used to precipitate polysaccharides and macromolecules from the broth.Proteins in the precipitate were removed by sevage method.Purification was carried out by DEAE-Cellulose and sephadex G-25 column chromatography. The chemical structure of the polysaccharide was determined with the combined application of HPLC,UV,IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and the methods of periodate oxidation and Smith degradation,etc. Activity of anti-HIV-1 ~gp41 six-?-helix bundle formation was assayed withsandwich ELISA method.Results The purified polysaccharide,designated as SMP for Streptomyces polysaccharide,is neutral with a molecular weight of approximately 4855 Daltons. Sugar analysis showed SMP contains glucose and fructose residues in an approximate molar ratio of 22∶1 (10.96 to 0.48). The glycosidic linkages were estimated to be (1→4)-?-D-pyranoside as its main chain, and 1→6 linkage was attached to the main chain. Activity analysis revealed SMP markedly inhibited the six-?-helix bundle formation of HIV-1 glycoprotein gp41 and the IC_~50 was (145.48?7.25) mg?L~-1 .Conclusion Streptomyces polysaccharide SMP showing inhibition of the six-?-helix bundle formation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp41 was isolated and purified.
ABSTRACT
According to their polypeptide length and number of d is ulphide bonds, disintegrins are divided into five groups, including short-sized disintegrins, medium-sized disintegrins, long-sized disintegrins, dimeric dis integrins and disintegrin-like molecules released from the disintegrin-like do mains of P-III snake venom metalloproteinases. The integrin-inhibitory activit y of disintegrins, to inhibit platelet aggregating, cell attaching and angiogene sis, depends on the active tripeptide RGD, the appropriate pairing of cysteine r esidues, the amino acids adjacent to the RGD motif within the integrin-binding loop and the C-terminus of the disintegrin polypeptidesl as well.
ABSTRACT
Aim To evaluate the effect of Cdk7 silencing on the c ell cycle control, the phosphorylation level changes of Cdk2 and pRb in human he patoblastoma HepG2 cell culture in vitro, and to validate Cdk7 as a novel ta rget for anticancer therapeutics.Method Levels of Cdk7 and the phosphorylation levels of Cdk2 and pRb were measured by Western-blotting. DNA c ontents, cell cycle and apoptosis induced by Cdk7 silencing were analyzed by flo w cytometry and ultrastructural changes of cells were observed with transmission electron microscopy.Result The phosphorylation levels of pRb a nd Cdk2 and the levels of Cdk7 decreased in a concentration-dependent manner wh en the concentration was above 100 nmol?L -1. Indice of cells arrested in G 0/G 1 phases and apoptotic cells increased in a dosage-and time-dependent manner, the difference was significant between Cdk7 ASODN and the sense control (P
ABSTRACT
AIM Interleukin 1?(IL-1?), which is a pivotal cytokine in inflammatory response, can inhibit human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) apoptosis,which can enhance PMN-mediated cytoxicity. Therefore we research the effect of IL-1? on the change of PMN functions was studied. METHODS Functional capacity of PMN was assessed by spreading, polarization (shape change), superoxide anion production and phagocytosis. RESULTS IL-1? can prolong PMN function by the inhibition of PMN apoptosis. CONCLUSION IL-1? inhibits PMN apoptosis, resulting in a larger population of surviving PMN with a greater capacity for phagocytosis and superoxide production. The later potentially facilitates PMN mediated tissue injury and may be one of mechanisms by which IL-1? contributes to organ dysfunction.
ABSTRACT
AIM To modify and improve a screening assay so that it becomes more convenient, economic and adaptable in China for high throughput screening of HIV fusion inhibitors targeting gp41. METHODS The original screening method reported by Jiang et al (J Virol. Methods 1999;80:85 96) was modified by: ① using a conformation specific monoclonal antibody to replace a polyclonal antibody for coating plates; ②simplifying the procedures; ③using parts of the reagents produced in China. RESULTS The modified screening assay is simpler, more convenient, and more economic than the original assay, but its sensitivity is comparable to and specificity is a little better than the original method. CONCLUSIONS The modified screening assay is more convenient and economic and can be used in China for high throughput screening of HIV fusion inhibitors from complex sample, such as phage display peptide libraries, microorganism fermentation liquids, herbs and other natural products.
ABSTRACT
AIM:To investigate the effect of compound of cordyceps sinensis(CS) and tripterygium hypoglaucum on survival time of the heterologous human-pig graft skin.METHODS: CS solution were used to hatch the skin graft and CS was used locally.Ciclosporin A(CsA) and normal saline solution(NS) were used in control.Besides,skin HE staining was detected and CD4,CD8,IL-2 and IL-10 were also examined before and after operation.RESULTS: The survival time of the graft skin treated with CS was(21.20?3.19) days,while the control group treated with NS was(10.17?1.94) days(P