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Objective:To evaluate the skin development and repair process of X-ray radiation damage in rat with non-invasive two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) imaging technology in vivo. Methods:Totally 24 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups including X-ray irradiated group (25, 35 and 45 Gy) and non-irradiation control group. At different times after irradiation, the degree of skin injury was evaluated, and the pathological changes of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [NAD(P)H] and collagen fiber fluorescence signals in epidermal cells were detected in vivo by TPEF imaging technology. Results:At 10 d post-irradiation, the skin of irradiation groups showed erythema and desquamation. At 15-20 d post-irradiation, the skin of radiation groups developed progressive exudation, edema and ulcers with increasing radiation dose. On day 25, the skin began to repair in the 25 Gy group, however, the skin of other groups still had exudation and ulcers. On day 10, NAD(P)H fluorescence signal in epidermal cells of irradiation groups decreased and the fluorescence signal of collagen fibers in papillary layer and reticular layer of irradiation groups reduced, which were significantly lower than that of normal control group ( t=24.145, 28.303, 26.989, 6.654, 7.510, 7.997, P<0.05). On day 30, fluorescence signal of NAD(P)H and collagen fibers in epidermal cells and dermis began to repair, the cell from stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale in the 25 Gy group showed fluorescence signal, the other groups did not show. The fluorescence signal of collagen fibers in the 25 Gy group were gradually increased in papillary layer and reticular layer, however, they were significantly lower than normal control group ( t=115.133, 17.431, P<0.05), the skin of 45 Gy group did not show fluorescence signal of collagen fibers. Conclusions:The damage and repair process of epidermal cells and dermal collagen fiber can be detected noninvasively by TPEF imaging technology after X-ray irradiation in vivo.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical value of ultrasound-guided laser thermal ablation (LTA) in the treatment of small liver cancer at high-risk sites.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 73 lesions ablated with LTA in 68 patients with small liver cancer. After the operation, the rates of complete ablation were compared between patients with lesions of different sizes and at different sites using contrast-enhanced ultrasound and the complications were recorded during the follow-up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The complete ablation rates for carcinomas ≤1 cm, 1-2 cm, and 2-3 cm were 100%, 86.4%, and 82.7%, respectively, showing no significant differences among them (P>0.05). The complete ablation rates of lesions were similar between the high-risk and low-risk groups (85.7% vs 92.1%; P>0.05). The two groups showed no significant difference in the incidence of complications (9.1% vs 5.7%; P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ultrasound-guided LTA can be a good option for treatment of small liver cancers at high-risk sites.</p>
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Humans , Contrast Media , Follow-Up Studies , Laser Therapy , Methods , Lasers , Liver Neoplasms , Therapeutics , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonic TherapyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate auditory sensory gating potential in the siblings of schizophrenic, to discover the neuroimaging features of sensory gating associated with schizophrenia as intermediate phenotypes. Methods Twelve siblings of schizophrenia patients in the first episodic, and 12 healthy controls matched in gender, age, education under?went MRI scan when performing a auditory sensory gating fMRI task (repeated clicks and single click auditory stimuli). The measure of sensory gating was the contrast of repeated clicks minus single click. The analysis of result was imple?mented in SPM2. Results Compared with healthy controls, schizophrenia patients showed significant overactivation in the right inter cingulate gyrus (x=4,y=8,z=32) and left anterior cingulate gyrus (x=-8,y=4,z=28) during the fMRI senso?ry gating task. Conclusion Sensory gating is overactivated in the cingulate gyrus in siblings of schizophrenic. This pat?tern may be a potential endophenotype of schizophrenia.
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Objective To study the CT and MRI characteristics of myxoid soft tissue tumours.Methods Fifty-three myxoid soft tissue tumours pathologically confirmed were retrospectively studied.MR and CT scan were performed before operation.Noncontrast T1 and T2 weighted images,fat-suppressed T2 weighted images were obtained before contrast-enhanced scan with fat-suppressed T1 weighted sequence was underwent.Plain and contrast-enhanced CT was performed with tube potential of 120 kV,matrix 512 × 512,and automatic tube current modulation technique.Results There were 18 myxoid liposarcoma,3 ganglioneuroma,8 myxofibrosarcoma,2 extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma,10 intramuscular myxoma,and 2 juxta-articular myxoma.Microscopic examination showed myxoid soft tissue tumours which were consisted of abundant myxoid stroma with tumour cells and blood vessels associated with fibrous bands.Low density in CT images,hypointensity in T1 weighted images,significantly hyperintense in T2 weighted images were their common manifestations in the area of abundance of extracellular myxiod matrix.Plain CT images demonstrated equidensite,T1 weighted images isointensity,and fat-suppressed T1 weighted images significant enhancement relatively in the areas of increased number of tumor cells.Hemorrhage,necrosis and capsule of the lesion were revealed in high grade malignant tumors.The septa can be identified in most of myxoid tumours of soft tissue.Conclusion CT and MRI can definitely show the image characteristics of myxiod soft tissue tumours,which can help make a qualitative diagnosis before operation.
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Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of conventional ultrasound, compression elastography (CE) and acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) in diff erential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors. Methods: A total of 98 patients with liver lesions were included in the study. The images of conventional ultrasound, CE and the values of virtual touch tissue quantiifcation (VTQ) of breast lesions were obtained. hTe diagnostic performance of conventional ultrasound, CE and ARFI were assessed by using pathology as the gold standard, and then evaluate the diagnosis effciency of these three approaches in differential diagnosing benign and malignant breast tumors. Results: The specificity, sensitivity and accuracy in the diagnosis of malignant breast tumors for conventional ultrasound were 80.0%, 81.1% and 81.7%, respectively, whereas for CE elastic score were 85.7%, 86.7% and 86.3%, respectively. With a cutoff value of 3.71 for the SR, the sensitivity, speciifcity, accuracy in diagnosis of malignant breast tumors were 97.1%, 83.3% and 88.4%, respectively. With a cutoff value of 3.78 m/s for VTQ, the sensitivity, speciifcity, accuracy in diagnosis of malignant breast tumors were 94.3%, 91.7% and 92.6%, respectively. The difference in diagnosis efficiency among ARFI, CE and conventional ultrasound in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors was signiifcant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Conventional ultrasound, CE and ARFI are all useful for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors. But the diagnosis effciency of ARFI is superior to CE and conventional ultrasound. The three approaches can help each other in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors.
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Purpose To explore the effect of Levothyroxine on spatial working memory in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) using blood oxygenation level dependent-functional MRI (BOLD-fMRI). Materials and Methods Sixteen patients with SCH before and after 6 months levothyroxine (LT4) treatment and 16 matched euthyroid volunteers underwent n-back task fMRI scanning. AFNI software was used for localization and quantification. Results All the subjects demonstrated activated areas including bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), bilateral premotor area (PreMA), supplementary motor area/anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral parietal area (PA) and right caudate nucleus/thalamus, with right hemisphere dominance. Quantitative analysis of regions of interests showed that all these regions had load effect related to memory load in the control group (P<0.001), whereas only left DLPFC, left PA, bilateral PreMA and right caudate nucleus/thalamus showed the same effect in SCH group. After 6-month treatment with LT4, BOLD signal change was observed in SCH patients within the right DLPFC, right PA and anterior cingulate/supplementary motor cortex (P<0.001). The activation intensity of working memory related brain regions was lower in SCH group compared with that of the control group. Conclusion Spatial working memory impairments in SCH patients are likely related to decreased right DLPFC and right posterior parietal function. LT4 replacement therapy is important to improve and reverse the memory impairment.
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AIM:To establish a rapid in vitro method for mast cell degranulation tracing by raster image corre-lation spectroscopy (RICS).METHODS:RBL-2H3, a basophilic granulocyte mast cell line transfected with CD 63-GFP plasmid, was used for evaluating the methods , including β-hexosaminidase ( HEX) colorimetric assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and RICS in the detection of mast cell degranulation .The sensibilities of these methods were com-pared.RESULTS:The sensitivities of β-HEX colorimetric assay and SEM were 5 mg/L and 3.9 ×10 -2 mg/L, respec-tively.RICS detection showed obvious decrease in the diffusion coefficient at dose of 3.9 ×10 -2 mg/L.CONCLUSION:Fluorescent molecular diffusion dynamic measurement can be used for rapid tracing of allergic substances in vitro.Accord-ing to the results, RICS can achieve nearly the same extent of sensitivity as the SEM does and is far more sensitive than β-HEX colorimetric assay.Compared with SEM, RICS has several advantages: it is faster, simpler and cheaper; it can be used in living cells;it is more suitable for rapid in vitro allergenic compounds tracing .Therefore, RICS is applicable in clinic allergic antigen screening and may also be used in pharmaceutical quality control .
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Objective To evaluate the imaging features of acute necrotizing encephalopathy caused by children A H1N1 influenza.Methods CT and MRI brain imaging data of three children acute necrotizing encephalopathy caused by A H1N1 influenza virus and proved by clinical and laboratory investigation were analyzed.All the three children got CT and MRI scan because of coma while in hospital.Results All cases represented multifocal damage,and some were symmetrical.Bilateral thalamencephalons were involved in the all cases.Bilateral grey and white matters of frontal lobe,temporal lobe,parietal lobe and occipital lobe,and hippocampi,putamina,external capsule,brain stem,bilateral cerebellum,could be seen multifocal damage,and some were symmetrical.All the cases showed brain swelling in varying degrees.These region presented low density in CT,hypointensity on T1 weighted series and hyperintensity on T2 weighted series and FLAIR series in MRI.Conclusion The imaging features of acute necrotizing encephalopathy caused by children A H1N1 influenza represented multifocal and symmetrical damage and brain swelling.It may be characteristic that bilateral thalamencephaloas were involved.The patient was serious,and fatality rate was high.So we should pay much attention to acute necrotizing encephalopathy caused by children A H1 N1 influenza.
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To discuss the potential role of medicinal herbs, especially those with effect of strengthening Qi, in the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) via modulating myocardial substrate metabolism. The relationships among heart failure, myocardial energetic metabolism and herbal medicine were analyzed in detail through reviewing and summarizing the accumulating knowledge and recent findings on myocardial metabolism, heart failure and herbal medicine. Either energy lack or abnormal energetic metabolism is one of the main causes to the initiation and development of heart failure. Recent studies suggest that the cardiac function in the patients with CHF could be improved by inhibiting the energy production from metabolism of fatty acid and enhancing the energy production from glucose metabolism. The concept of Qi in Chinese medicine is very close to the energy in western medicine. The decoction of Chinese medicine containing herbal medicine with effect of strengthening Qi and the herbal medicine themselves and their components were evidenced to be effective in improvement of heart failure and regulation of both lipid and glucose metabolism; more importantly, all these herbal medicine contain the multi-sugar which can be metabolized into single unit of sugar which may be metabolized as a substrate by myocardium and potentially produce the cardioprotective effect. Therefore, we may find out a novel way to explain why the herbal medicine with effect of strengthening Qi can improve cardiac function in patients with CHF. In other words, regulating myocardial metabolism is one of the mechanisms underlying the cardioprotection produced by herbal medicine with effect of strengthening Qi in the treatment of heart failure.
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Humans , Energy Metabolism , Heart Failure , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Myocardium , MetabolismABSTRACT
Reduced responsiveness to reward stimuli is a central feature of major depressive disorder (MDD). Study on the changes of neural substrates and behavior contributes to understand the mechanism of MDD. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has the unique advantage of investigating reward processing, which is of importance in the brain imaging study. The progresses of event-related fMRI (ER-fMRI) in field of rewarding stimuli in major depressive disorder were reviewed in this article.
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Objective:To investigate the attentional bias for negative emotional facial expressions in major depressive disorder(MDD).Methods:Twenty MDD participants were selected from a larger pool of patients (n=35),diagnosed as depression with the Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders Version 3 (CCMD-3),according to the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).And 20 non-depression control participants(NC)matched with MDD group on age,gender and education level.All participants completed an exogenous cueing task which consisted of two kinds of cue types(valid and invalid trial)and two kinds of face types(neutral faces and negative faces).Results:Patients with MDD showed more larger cue validity effect for negative faces compared with neutral faces(21.73 ms vs.3.91 ms,P<0.01).They showed a stronger attentional engagement for negative faces in comparison with non-depressed participants(17.25 ms vs.1.64 ms,P<0.001).The NC group directed attention away from negative faces,more rapidly disengaging their attention compared with MDD,but the differences showed no significant(-1.50 ms vs.0.57 ms,P>0.05).Conclusion:These results support the assumption that MDD is associated with attentional bias for negative information,and deficits protective bias for it.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging and tumor angiogenesis and cell cycle protein D1 (cyclinD1) expression in patients with peripheral lung cancer. Methods Seventy-three patients with peripheral lung cancer underwent 16-slice spiral CTperfusion imaging. The CT perfusion imaging were analyzed for time density curve (TDC), perfusion parametric maps and the respective perfusion parameters (BF, BV, PS, PH, and PHpm/PHa). Correlation between the respective perfusion parameters and immunohistochemical findings of MVD measurement and cyclinD1 expression were evaluated. Statistical method used one factor analysis of variance (One-wayANOVA) and Pearson correlation analysis. Results The shape of TDC of three groups of peripheral lung cancers (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and other type of cancer) was similar. They showed a steeper slope, was obvious increase of nodular HU value [ peak height of TDC is respectively (44. 87±6. 83), (34. 91 ± 8.05), (40. 66±5. 87) HU ], changed little after reaching peak height, became flat at peak, had a platform. Forty-four patients were cyclinD1 positive expression, the peripheral lung cancers with cyclinD1 positive expression showed significantly higher MVD value than that of the peripheral lung cancers with cyclinD1 negative expression [ respectively (33.88± 14. 81), (23. 17±11.66) band/high magnification, P < 0. 01]. The cancers with cyclinD1 positive expression showed significantly higher PH,PHpm/PHa, BF,BV, PS value than those of the cancers with cyelinD1 negative expression[respectively P <0. 05]. MVD was positively correlated with PH, PHpm/PHa, BF, BV, and PS of the three groups ofcancers with cyclinD1 positive expression. Among, the correlation coefficient (r value) of BV, PS, BF was0. 409, 0. 517,0. 503 respectively(all P < 0. 01). MVD was significantly correlated with them. The r valueof PH, PHpm/PHa is 0. 319,0. 324 respectively(all P < 0. 05). MVD was less correlated with them. MVDwas not correlated with PH, PHpm/PHa, BF, BV, and PS of the three groups of cancers with cyclinD1 negative expression. Conclusions Multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging moderately correlated with tumorangiogenesis and reflected MVD measurement and cyclinD1 expression. It provided not only a noninvasive method of quantitative assessment for blood flow patterns of peripheral lung cancer but also an applicable diagnostic method for peripheral lung cancer.