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Objective:To study the stability and influencing factors of potassium iodate iodized salt that can be sold in Jilin Province.Methods:In November 2020, 10 large supermarkets were randomly selected in Jilin Province, and two kinds of potassium iodate iodized salts were randomly selected in each supermarket, with five copies of each kind, a total of 100 samples of iodized salt, and the iodine content was determined by spectrophotometry (iodide-starch blue light method). Iodized salt samples were classified according to different salt species (mine salt, sea salt and lake salt) and different production processes (refined salt and non-refined salt). The salt was stored at room temperature, and the iodine content in the salt was measured at 0, 10 and 20 days after opening the packaging. The iodine content attenuation rates of different salt species and different production processes were compared.Results:The mine salt, sea salt and lake salt in iodized salt samples were 45, 45 and 10 portions, respectively. The iodine contents of the 0th day of storage [(19.89 ± 1.38), (20.62 ± 1.91), (19.78 ± 1.01) mg/kg] were compared, and the difference was not statistically significant ( F = 2.57, P = 0.093). On the 10th day, the iodine content of mine salt was lower than that of sea salt and lake salt, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05); on the 20th day, the iodine content of mine salt was lower than that of sea salt, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the iodine content of mine salt stored at 0, 10 and 20 days ( F = 90.62, P < 0.001). The iodine content of sea salt and lake salt on the 20th day was significantly lower than that on the 0th and 10th day, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The iodine content attenuation rates of mine salt, sea salt and lake salt on the 0 - 10 days was compared with that on the 10 - 20 days, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z = 2.24, 2.94, 2.80, P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the iodine content attenuation rates of mine salt, sea salt and lake salt during the 0 - 10 days of storage ( Z = 24.05, P < 0.001), there was no statistically significant difference in the iodine content attenuation rates on 10 - 20 days ( Z = 5.86, P = 0.053). There was no significant difference in iodine content attenuation rates between refined salt and non-refined salt on 0 - 10, 10 - 20 days ( Z = 1.16, 0.28, P > 0.05). There was no statistical significant difference in the iodine content attenuation rates of refined salt and non-refined salt on the 0 - 10 days compared with those of 10 - 20 days ( Z = 0.76, 1.90, P > 0.05). Conclusions:Iodine loss occurs at 20 days after opening the packaging of iodized salt in Jilin Province. The attenuation of iodine content is less affected by salt species and production processes. It is recommended to eat iodized salt within 20 days after opening the packaging.
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Objective:To conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the issues found in quality management, establish a risk-based whole-process quality management model, and improve the quality of clinical trials.Methods:Based on the risk-based quality management theory, the issues found in the quality control of drug clinical trials in Beijing Cancer Hospital in 2020 were structured and classified by severity (mild to moderate to severe) and 10 categories, and the risk matrix was graded by a semi-quantitative method. Targeted quality control strategies for different levels of risk were carried out according to visual analysis of the informative quality analysis platform. Chi-square tests of the severity of quality control issues in our hospital in 2020 and 2021 and non-parametric tests of the number of issues per capita in each category were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the management model.Results:A risk matrix was established according to the severity and frequency of the issues found in the quality control in 2020. The issues with severe risks were categorized as protocol compliance and serious adverse events, and categories with moderate risks included informed consent, biological sample related, original records, and investigator folders. After using visual analysis and adopting the risk-based quality control strategy, the proportion of severe issues found in quality control in our hospital in 2021 was 0.92%, lower than that of 1.39% in 2020, and the difference was statistically significant. The average number of issues detected per capita in each category for each trial in 2021 was lower than that in 2020 with a statistical difference, indicating that the management model was effective.Conclusions:Using information technology to adopt risk-based quality management is helpful to improve the quality of hospital clinical trials.
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Objective:To explore the inhibitory effects of gomisin A(GA)in combination with carboplatin (CBP)on the proliferation,invasion and metastasis of human ovarian cancer Skov3 cells and their mechanisms,and to illustrate the synergistic antitumor effect of GA.Methods:The ovarian cancer Skov3 cells were treated with different concentrations of GA combined with different concentrations of CBP.MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory rates of proliferation.According to the results,the appropriate concentrations of GA and CBP were conformed.The Skov3 cells were treated with PBS,GA(0.04 μmol·L-1),CBP(16 mg·L-1)and GA (0.04 μmol·L-1)in combination with CBP(16 mg·L-1),respectively,and used as control group,GA group, CBP group and GA+CBP group.After 48 h of treatment,the cell morphology was observed by optical microscope, the cell reproductive ability was determined by clonogenic cell survival assay,and the cell migration ability was measured by cell wound healing test;Transwell experiment was used to detect the cell invasion ability.The expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA were determined by RT-PCR and the protein expression levels of MMP-2,MMP-9,AKT1 and pAKT1 were determined by Western blotting method.Results:Compared with GA and CBP groups,the inhibitory rate of proliferation of Skov3 cells in GA + CBP group was significantly increased (P<0.01).The concentrations of GA and CBP for the best dose ratio were 0.04 μmol·L-1and 16 mg·L-1, respectively.The results of clone formation assay showed that the colony formation rates in CBP and GA+CBP groups were decreased compared with control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01);the colony formation rate of cells in GA + CBP group was significantly decreased compared with GA and CBP groups(P<0.01);the wound scratch assay results suggested that the number of metastic Skov3 cells in GA and CBP groups were decreased compared with control group;and the number of metastic Skov3 cells in GA+ CBP group was decreased compared with GA and CBP groups.The results of Transwell expriment showed that the capacities of cells passing the ECM in GA and CBP groups were decreased compared with control group;the capacity of cells passing the ECM was decreased compared with GA and CBP groups.The RT-PCR and Western blotting results showed that the expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA in GA+CBP group were down-regulated compared with GA and CBP groups(P<0.01),and the expression levels of MMP-2,MMP-9,AKT1 and pAKT1 protein were down-regulated(P<0.01).Conclusion:GA can enhance the ability of CBP to inhibit the proliferation,invasion and metastasis of human ovarian cancer Skov3 cells,and thus play a role in decreasing the toxicity and increasing the efficacy of chemotherapy.
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Objective:To explore the effect of gomisin A (GA) in combination with carboplatin (CBP) on the apoptosis of ovarian cancer Skov3 cells,and to illustrate the synergistic antitumor effect of GA.Methods:The ovarian cancer Skov3 cells were treated with GA combined with CBP.MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory rates of proliferation and the appropriate concentrations of GA and CBP were selected according to the results.The Skov3 cells were divided into control group,GA (0.04 μmol · L-1) group,CBP (16 mg · L 1) group and GA (0.04 μmol· L-1)+ CBP (16 mg · L-1) group.After 48 h treatment,the cell morphology was observed by microscope,the apoptotic rate was measured by flow eytometry,the apoptotic index (AI) was observed by TUNEL staining,the mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 staining,and the mRNA and protein expression levels of apoptosis-related genes (Bax,caspase-3,Stat3) were determined by RT PCR and Western blotting method.Results:The inhibitory rate of proliferation of Skov3 cells in GA + CBP group (52.1％) was significantly higher than those in GA and CBP groups (P＜0.01).The concentrations of GA and CBP for the best dose ratio were 0.04 μmol· L-1 and 16 mg · L-1,respectively.Compared with control group,the cell refractivities were decreased,the cells retracted,and part of cells were suspended in GA group and CBP groups;there were more suspended cells and cell retraction phenomenon was more prominent in GA + CBP group.The results of TUNEL staining and flow cytometry showed that the AI and apoptotic rate of cells in GA + CBP group were significantly increased compared with control group,GA and CBP group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);the JC-1staining results suggested that the mitochondrial membrane potential of Skov3 cells in GA + CBP group was decreased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The RT-PCR and Western blotting results showed that the expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 mRNA and protein were up-regulated (P＜0.05) and the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Stat3mRNA and protein in GA + CBP group were down-regulated compared with control,GA and CBP groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion:GA can enhance the ability of CBP to induce the apoptosis of human ovarian cancer Skov3 cells,and its mechanisms may be related to the up-regulation of the Bax and Caspase-3 expressions and the down-reguation of the Bcl-2 expression;GA can synergize the induction of CBP on apoptosis.
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Objective To understand the epidemic status quo and influencing factors of Kashin-Beck disease among children in mountain areas of Jilin Province.Methods Two hundred eighty-two severe endemic areas in 18 counties were selected and stratified by random cluster sampling method,and the status quo of KashinBeck disease prevalence was investigated among 7-12 year-old children according to the Diagnostic Criteria of Kashin-Beck Disease (WS/T 207-2010).In the meantime,the annual household income and the proportion of economic crops replanted,grain out-sourced,and returning farmlands to forests and grass were surveyed in the disease affected areas.Results A total of 14 162 children were investigated who had no clinical symptoms.Among them,28 cases were detected positive using X-ray with a detection rate of 1.98‰,while most of the cases were metaphysis positive.The annual household income (≥5 000 Yuan vs.＜ 5 000 Yuan) in the year 2009-2011 had a significant impact on the incidence of Kashin-Beck disease (1.47‰ vs.3.67‰,x2 =6.179,P ＜ 0.05),while the areas of returning farmland to forests and grass which accounted ＞ 1％ had no significant influence on the incidence compared with that ≤ 1％ (3.30‰ vs.1.57‰,x2 =3.876,P ＞ 0.05);the areas of economic crops replanting which accounted ＞ 10％ had no significant influence on the incidence compared with that ≤ 10％ (3.07‰ vs.1.65‰,x2 =2.565,P ＞ 0.05);the proportion of grain out-sourcing which accounted ＞ 50％ had no significant influence on the incidence compared with that ≤50％ (3.07‰ vs.1.65‰,x2 =2.565,P ＞ 0.05).Conehision Up to 2012,the disease among 7-12 year-old children of the mountain areas of Jilin Province have basically met the standard of Kashin-Beck disease elimination and the situation remains stable;furthermore,the household income has a significant impact on the incidence of Kashin-Beck disease.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mechanism of genetic toxicity of gaseous benzene to mouse bone marrow cells and to provide an experimental basis for the discovery of early biomarkers among benzene-exposed population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male mice were randomly divided into control group and three benzene-exposed groups (6 mice per group). The control group was exposed to ambient air, and the three benzene-exposed groups were exposed to different concentrations of benzene (400, 800, and 1 600 mg/m(3)) for 15 days, 2 hours per day, in static inhalation chambers. At the end of the 15-day experimental period, the mice were killed. Bone marrow cells were separated from sacrificed mice, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were determined by biochemical methods. DNA damage was evaluated by micronucleus assay and single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). The expression of MPO protein was determined by immunocytochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The SOD activities in different dose groups (88.67 ± 13.58, 73.64 ± 4.50, and 67.63 ± 5.42 U/mg prot) were significantly decreased as compared with the control group (119.98±9.42 U/mg prot) (P<0.01). Moreover, the SOD activities in medium- and high-dose groups were significantly lower than that of the low-dose group (P < 0.05). The GSH-Px activities in medium- and high-dose groups (705.07 ± 93.75 and 674.77 ± 86.80 U/mg prot) were significantly decreased as compared with that of the control group (940.25 ± 82.63 U/mg prot) (P < 0.01), and the high-dose group had a significantly lower GSH-Px activity than the low-dose group (674.77 ± 86.80 U/mg prot vs 833.98 ± 130.64 U/mg prot, P < 0.05). The MDA content of low-, medium-, and high-dose groups (22.42±2.67, 22.38±3.02, and 27.66±2.89 nmol/mg prot) were significantly higher than that of the control group (12.35±1.58 nmol/mg prot) (P < 0.01), and MDA content was significantly higher in the high-dose group than in the medium- and low-dose groups (P < 0.05). The micronucleus assay showed that the micronucleus rates in different dose groups (4.67±0.82‰, 5.00±0.89‰, and 5.33±1.03‰) were significantly higher than that of the control group (2.50±0.55‰) (P < 0.01). The SCGE demonstrated that the DNA damage rates of medium- and high-dose groups (22.08% and 25.68%) were significantly higher than that of the control group (7.00%) (P < 0.01), and the DNA damage rate of high-dose group was significantly higher than that of the low-dose group (11.24%) (P < 0.05). MPO activity increased with the dose of benzene in all three benzene-treated groups (16.79±2.16, 19.46±2.28, and 22.53±2.76 U/g prot) and was significantly higher than that of the control group (12.89±0.74 U/g prot) (P < 0.01). The positive rates of MPO protein expression in low-, medium-, and high-dose groups (13.20±2.28%, 30.80±3.35%, and 40.20±1.92%) were significantly higher than that of the control group (6.60±1.14%) (P < 0.01). The MPO activity in high-dose group and the positive rates of MPO protein expression in medium- and high-dose groups were all significantly higher than those of the low-dose group (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Gaseous benzene exposure has toxic effect on genetics of mouse bone marrow cells. It leads to chromosome breakage and DNA damage, enhances the activity and protein expression of MPO, and induces lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation damage is a potential mechanism by which gaseous benzene exerts toxic effect on mouse bone marrow cells.</p>
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Animals , Male , Mice , Apoptosis , Benzene , Toxicity , Bone Marrow Cells , Metabolism , Pathology , DNA Damage , Lipid PeroxidationABSTRACT
Objective To establish mouse poisoning model by inhaling benzene, and to investigate the induction effect of benzene on the apoptosis of mouse bone marrow cells and its mechanism, and to provide an experimental basis for study on bone marrow toxicity mechanism.Methods 24 male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=6).The mice in one group were exposed to ambient air (control group)and the mice in the other three groups were exposed to different doses (400,800,1 600 mg·m-3 )of benzene (low,middle and high doses of benzene groups)for 1 5 d in the respective inhalation chambers. At the end of the experiment, the mice were killed. The bone marrow of the mice was obtained. The pathological changes of the bone marrow cells of the mice in various groups were observed under light microscope with HE staining.The apoptotic rates and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP ) of the mice in various groups were detected by flow cytometry, and the expressions of mitochondrial-deperdent apoptosis related gene proteins were determined with immunohistochemistry method. Results The number of distal and central cells in different doses of benzene groups were significantly reduced,and accompanied by blood sinus expansion in high dose of benzene group.The apoptotic rates of the cells in middle and high doses of benzene groups were obviously higher than that in control group (Ρ<0.01),and there were also significant differences between high dose group and low,middle doses of benzene groups (Ρ<0.05).The MMP was significantly decreased with the increasing of benzene doses, and there were significant differences between middle,high doses of benzene groups and control group (Ρ<0.05).The number of Bax,CytC positive cells in different doses of benzene groups and the number of Caspase-9,Caspase-3 positive cells in middle and high doses of benzene groups were significantly increased compared with control group(Ρ<0.05);the number of Bcl-2 positive cells in different doses of benzene groups was decreased(Ρ<0.05),and number of Bcl-2 positive cells in middle and high doses of benzene groups was decreased compared with low dose of benzene group (P<0.05). Conclusion Benzene with certain dose can induce the apoptosis of mouse bone marrow cells, and promote the expressions of mitochondrial apoptosis related gene proteins. Benzene-induced apoptosis through mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway may be an important mechanism of bone marrow toxicity induced by benzene.
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Objective To investigate infection rate of human papillomavirus as well as the correlation between cervical precancerous lesions and co-infection of human HPV,herpes simple virus-2 (HSV-2) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Chinese women of childbearing age in Kunming,Yunnan province.Methods A total of 2128 women (18-24,25-34,35-49 years of age),who had healthy care examination in our institute from January 2010 to March 2011,were selected prospectively in this study.The infection of HPV,HSV-2 and CMV were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) and cervical precancerous lesions were determined by the ThinPrep liquid-based cytology test (TCT).Results The overall infection rates of high risk HPV (HR-HPV),HSV-2,CMV were 11.04％(235/2128),3.52％ (75/2128) and 5.26％ (112/2128),respectively.The HR-HPV infection rates in groups of Negative for Intraepithelial Lesion or Malignancy (NILM),Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS),Low grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL),High grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion(HSIL),and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) were 4.29％ (82/1912),55.93％ (66/118),84.62％ (44/52),93.19％ (41/44) and 2/2,respectively.HR-HPV infection rates was increased with the development of cervical lesion (r =0.644,P =0.000).No significant difference on the infection rates of HR-HPV and HSV-2 was identified between different age groups (x2 =2.979,P =0.226; x2 =0.798,P =0.671).The peak age groups for CMV infection (7.62％) were 18 to 24 years old and the infection rates of CMV decrease with age.No significant difference of HSV-2 and HR-HPV coinfection was found between the TCT-abnormal (3.24％,7/216) and control groups (2.41％,46/1912,x2 =0.557,P=0.455),and no relationship was found between HSV-2 and HR-HPV infection groups (OR =0.56,95％ CI:0.17-1.82).The infection of HR-HPV were related significantly with CMV infection (OR =3.14,95％ CI:1.25-7.86).Conclusion HR-HPV infection appears to be the key risk factor for cervical cancer and synergistic interaction may occur between CMV and HPV infections in the development of cervical lesion.
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Objective To establish an universal primer-multiplex PCR system for diagnosis of Y chromosome AZF region microdeletions in 262 patients with non-obstructive azoospermic and severe oligozoospermic male infertility. Methods In each panel of multiplex PCR, YUP and YCP containing a fragment of non-human DNA sequence at their 5' ends were designed. The universal primers and chimiric primers were employed for the amplification at the same multiplex PCR system to screen for the Y chromosome AZF region ( a, b and c) microdeletions in 262 non-obstructive azoospermic and severe oligozoospermic male infertility patients. Results Thirty-three out of 262 patients (12. 60% ) were detected with Y chromosome AZF microdeletions. Among them, 27 cases were AZF c microdeletions and 6 ones were AZF b + c microdeletions. These results were in agreement with the results from EMQN method. There was no false-positivity. The gel electrophoresis for detection of multiple STS from both methods showed that the sY84,sY86, sY127, sY134, sY254, sY255, SRY bands were homogeneous and clear with similar brightness. Conclusion The modified multiplex PCR is suitable for screening of Y chromosome AZF microdeletions in non-obstructive azoospermic and severe digozoospermic male infertility patients.
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Objective To study the effect of nitrobenzene(NB) on the activity of enzymes and the content of zinc in the testis tissue of mice. Methods 40 male mice were divided into 4 groups, 10 in each, 3 groups were treated with NB at the doses of 2, 20, 200 mg/kg by gavage, the control group was treated with vegetable oil in the same volume, once a day, for 21 consecutive days. The activity of G-6-PD, LDH and the content of Zn2+ in testis cells were determined. Results The index of epididymis and testis in the groups of 200 mg/kg were significantly lower compared with the control and 2 mg/kg group (P0.05). The activity of G-6-PD, LDH and the content of Zn2+ in all the treated groups were lower than those in the control group (P
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0.05).After treatment,blood serum E2 level in group M was (74.18?22.32) pmol?L-1,whereas that in group D was (24.96?3.94)pmol?L-1,there was significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion Clinical symptoms of patients with recurrent endometriosis in two groups are improved.Serum E2 level in group M remains in the follicular phase,but group D declines to postmenopausal range.Mifepristone does not result in lack of estrogen,ovulation recovers rapidly after treatment in group M compared with group D.Mifepristone and danazol have not obvious impact on blood serum cortisol.
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Objective To observe the toxic effects of2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid(MCPA)in male mice.Meth-ods The Kunming male mice were divided into4groups,10male mice per group.The control group were purfused into stom-ach by distilled water,the other three groups were perfused into stomach by20,100and200mg /kg MCPA,once a day,6times per week,continuously for17days.The body weight ,T 4 ,TSH,cholesterol,the ratio of spleen and testis to body weight and the specific activity of LDH,SDH in the testis were analyzed.Results The body weight of mice in MCPA-exposure groups in-creased more slowly than that in the control group.The contents of TSH in serum and ratio of spleen to body weight in200mg/kg group were significantly lower than those in control group.The contents of cholesterol in serum increased with the increases of MCPA-exposure doses.The contents of T 4 in serum were significantly higher in20mg /kg group and lower in200mg /kg group compared with that in control group.The ratio of the testis to body weight reduced with increase of the MCPA-exposure doses,and the specific activity of LDH in the testis of MCPA-exposure groups increased significantly,but the specific activity of SDH in the testis of MCPA-exposure groups revealed no significant variations compared with that of control group.Conclusion MC-PA inhibited the growth of male mice,resulted in endocrine disorder,the atrophy of spleen,and presented the toxicity of repro-ductive system.
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Objective To study the protective effect of ginger extract on RBC of X-ray irradiated mice. Methods Mice were given extract of ginger with three doses, namely 9.3 ml/kg bw, 4.7 ml/kg bw and 2.3 ml/kg bw before X-ray irradiation(dose was 2.0 Gy, for two times, the interval was 24 h), 48 hours after the last irradiation, the blood samples were collected and RBC, HCB, HCT, MCV, MCHC, MCH, RDW were examined. Results Compared with the exposed control, RBC, HCB, HCT increased and MCH, RDW decreased significantly in ginger treated groups. Conclusion The ginger extract has a certain effect to prevent RBC from damaging induced by X-ray irradiation in mice.