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The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University has established pediatric MOOCs courses, including the formation of excellent MOOC teachers, the curriculum planning and design of MOOCs, making MOOCs videos, and using MOOCs for teaching activities. The MOOCs for teaching is intuitive, the courses are interesting, and the learning time is flexible. Besides, it is open and resources-sharing, and it also can increase the educational equity. At the same time, it can reduce teachers' burden, improve teaching ability, and improve learning ability of students. Most students and teachers agree that MOOCs are worthy of promotion and application.
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Objective To study the relationship between aquaporin 9 (AQP 9) gene and brain edema in neonatal rats of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) and the therapeutic mechanism of mannitol.Method Healthy and 7-day-old SD rats were randomly assigned into three groups:sham-operated group,HIBD group and mannitol group.Both HIBD and mannitol group were established on HIBD model.The mannitol group was given mannitol intraperitoneally at 0,24,48 h of HIBD.2 ml/kg of 2％ Evans blue (EB) were injected intraperitoneally before sacrifice.0,6,12,24,48 and 72 h after HIBD,the outcomes were analyzed including the brain water content,the expression of AQP 9 mRNA measured using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining methods,and the permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB) measured with EB.Result In HIBD group,the brain water content was higher comparing with sham-operated group at 0 h after HIBD(P ＜ 0.05),and gradually increased over time,reaching peak at 48 h (89.3％ ± 1.9％) and then decreased.In mannitol group,brain water content started to decrease from 1 h after mannitol administration to the bottom at 12 h (86.5％ ±0.6％),then increased to peak at 72 h (87.2％ ± 1.7％),and brain water content were decreased during 0 ～ 48 h comparing with HIBD group.HIBD group's EB were higher than sham-operated group (P ＜ 0.05);Mannitol group's EB were decreased comparing with HIBD group (except 0 h,P ＜ 0.05).AQP 9 mRNA expression in the HIBD group was decreased at 0 h,and reached the bottom at 48 h (0.09 ± 0.07).Comparing with sham-operated group,it was higher in the HIBD group at0,6,72 h,and lower (P＜ 0.05) at 12,24,48 h.Higher AQP 9 mRNA expression were detected in mannitol group than HIBD group and sham-operated group at each time point (with the exception of 48 h) (P ＜ 0.05).AQP 9,which was closely related to water metabolism,were widely found in the pia mater and ependyma using immunofluorescence staining.After ischemia and hypoxia insult,an increasedecrease-increase pattern of AQP 9 expression was found.Conclusion AQP 9 is widely existed in various parts of the brain,influencing brain edema through a variety of pathways.AQP 9 also plays a role in alleviating brain edema in mannitol therapy.
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Objective Through the practice of new practice teaching methods, to observe whether it can help students to strengthen their self-identity as ‘trainee doctors’. Methods By sim-ulating interrogation, building simulation medical environment and increasing operation project, the practice operation abilities and sense of identity were improved,The questionnaire were required to fill in at the beginning and at the end of the term, and the differences between two teaching methods in advantages, characteristics and the identity of ‘trainee doctors’by their own pairing were compared. Data were analyzed by software SPSS 18.0. Results The new teaching model, to a certain extent, alleviated the present situation of having relatively more students and insufficient source, which was superior to traditional teaching mode in improving students' initiative, enthusiasm, learning ability, practical ability, analysis of the problems, comprehensive ability and so on. It also enabled students to master some of doctor-patient communication skills(P<0.001), to realize the identity of‘trainee doctors’ (Z=-7.671, P<0.001). Conclusion The new practice teaching mode has solved the problems such as insufficient source in clinical teaching. It has also increased the initiative and enthusiasm of students' clinical learning, so that students can think, analyze and deal with the problems from the point of view of doctors, and implement the identity of a‘trainee doctor’.
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BACKGROUND: Ginkgetin has been widely acknowledged as having multiple pharmaceutical values in domestic and abroad. In many western countries, ginaton is imported in large amount. Domestic production of ginkgetin is great, however, seldom applied and there is no ginaton agent for injection.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of the increased contents of total flavonoid glycoside and quercetin glycoside of ginkgetin injection on memory function of mice, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in myocardial tissues and hemorrheological indexes of rabbits with ischemia-reperfusion injury.DESIGN: Randomized control animal experiment.SETTING: Hebei Medical College of Employees.MATERIALS: Ninety Kunming mice (3-4 months old), weight (25±1) g and thirty-two Japanese rabbits (3-4 months old) were selected. Self-made high-purity ginkgetin injection [5 mL containing 17.5 mg ginaton, of which there were 8.7 mg ginkgo flavonoid glycoside (49.8%) and 4.61% lactone];Ginkgetin injection made in German (Jinnaduo): Manufactured by Schwabe Germany [5 mL containing 17.5 mg ginaton, of which there were 4.2 mg ginkgo flavonoid glycoside (24%)].METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Central Department of Experimental Animal, Hebei Medical College of Employees from September to November 2002. ①Ninety mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:1, 2 mL/kg self-made ginkgetin injection group, 1, 2 mL/kg German ginkgetin injection group, model group and control group with 15 mice in each group. Mice in the model group and control group were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline, mice in each group were intraperitoneally injected respectively with testing medicine for 10 continuous days,One hour after the 10th day of administration, mice were intraperitoneally injected with 2 mL/kg scopolamine hydrobromide and dysmnesy models were duplicated. Ten minutes after that, mice were put in the step-down instrument for 36V-voltage-stimulus after accommodation. Measurements were re-performed respectively at 5 minutes and 24 hours after training.Latency and times of electric shock within 5 minutes were recorded.②Thirty-two Japanese rabbits were selected and randomly divided into normal control group, German ginkgetin injection group, 1 mL/kg, 0.5 mL/kg self-made ginkgetin injection group with 8 rabbits in each group. Medicineswere continuously injected into aural veins. Three days after administration, blood was collected to detect the hemorheological indexes. ③Thirtytwo rabbits were randomized into 4 groups: 1 mL/kg, 2 mL/kg self-made ginkgetin injection group, 2 mL/kg German ginkgetin injection group and normal saline group with 8 ones in each group. Rabbit models with ischemia-reperfusion injury in myocardial tissues were established, rabbits were ligated for 30 minutes and then unclamped to get ischemic reperfusion injury in myocardial tissues, testing drugs were injected via carotid artery at the moment of reperfusion according to different groups. Before reperfusion and 30, 60 minutes after reperfusion, blood was drawn from the arteria femoralis, activity of SOD in plasma was measured. Animals were executed to obtain myocardial tissues so as to measure SOD activity.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Latency and times of shock within 5 minutes in the experiment were recorded. ②Hemorheological indexes and determination of SOD activity in myocardial tissues.RESULTS: All experimental animals were involved in the analysis of results and no one died. ①Test for memory: Latency and times of errors in step down test in the injection group were better than those in the control group, and differences were significant (P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05). Times of errors within 5 minutes in 1 mL/kg self-made ginkgetin irjection group was less than that in the German ginkgetin injection group and the differences were obvious.②Hemorheological indexes: Whole-blood viscosity low shear value,rigid index of red cells and gathering index of red cells etc. in injection groups decreased. ③SOD activity: Compared with control group, that was significantly increased in 1, 2 mL/kg self-made ginkgetin injection group and were in a dose-dependent manner. Those were obviously increased in the 1 mL/kg German ginkgetin injection group. Increase in SOD activity of ischemic myocardial tissues in the 1 mL/kg self-made ginkgetin injection group was more significant than that in the 2 mL/kg German ginkgetin injection group.CONCLUSION: Both self-made and German ginkgetin injections can enhance the ability of memory; While at the basis of same dose, self-made high-purity ginkgetin injection is superior to German ginkgetin injection.