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Objective:To investigate the effect of stilamin on mitochondrial injury of acute pancreatitis (AP)-related acinar cells and the possible mechanism.Methods:24 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, AP group and AP+ stilamin treatment group (Stilamin group). AP model was prepared by intraperitoneal injection of l-arginine in AP group, 0.4 mg/kg stilamin was intraperitoneally injected at 2 h after modeling in stilamin group, and control group received intraperitoneal injection with saline in the same volume. Histopathological examination of pancreatic tissue was performed routinely. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF- α were detected by ELISA, serum levels of amylase and lipase, and serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) reflecting oxidative stress were detected by biochemistry method, respectively. Mitotracker red fluorescent labeling was used to detect the number of mitochondria in pancreatic acinar cells, and western blot was used to detect the ND-3 protein expression reflecting the number of mitochondria. The expression levels of mitochondrial fusion protein (Mfn-2) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) reflecting mitochondrial function were determined by immunohistochemical staining.Results:Compared with AP group, the pancreatic pathology scores of mice in Stilamin group were significantly decreased [(2.07±0.50) vs (3.93±0.64)], serum amylase and lipase levels were significantly decreased [(1 493±172)U/L vs (1 832±86)U/L, (225.4±83.2)U/L vs (671.0±164.5)U/L]; serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were greatly decreased, while IL-10 levels were obviously increased [(99.09±39.65)ng/L vs (358.60±139.22)ng/L, (22.75±11.24)ng/L vs (40.83±1.62)ng/L, (15.12±5.03)ng/L vs (9.92±8.73)ng/L]. Mitotracker staining density and expression levels of ND-3, Mfn-2 and Tfam were increased [(71.67±17.62) vs (40.00±10.15), (0.45±0.16) vs (0.11±0.05), 78% vs 54%, 86% vs 47%], and MDA, SOD, and GSH levels were increased [(5.00±1.73)nmol/mg vs (7.33±2.08)nmol/mg protein, (17.33±3.21)U/mg vs (8.67±2.07)] U/mg protein. The ratio of (131.33±20.55)U/mg to (77.33±29.69)U/mg protein was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:By protecting the mitochondria number and function of damaged pancreatic acinar cells and reducing the level of oxidative stress, stilamin could alleviate the level of pancreatic tissue damage and inflammatory response in mice with acute pancreatitis.
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Objective To investigate the effect of time interval between diagnosis and surgical treatment on the prognosis of breast cancer.Methods A retrospective study that include a total of 252 female patients who underwent breast cancer diagnosis and treatment in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from April 2012 to August 2014 were included in the present study,the average age was (58.2 ± 10.8) years old,range from 31 to 67 years old.General demographic information and data of tumor were collected.Information on postoperative recurrence,metastasis,death,and disease-free survival status of breast cancer patients were followed up 5 years by outpatient follow-up or telephone follow-up.All participants were divided into four groups (＜2 weeks,2-4 weeks,4-8 weeks,≥8 weeks) by the time interval between diagnosis and surgical treatment,including 26,118,78 and 30 cases,respectively.In addition,according to the diameter of breast cancer tumors,all participants were divided into three groups (＜20 mm,20-40 mm,and ≥40 mm),including 99,124,and 29 cases,respectively.According to the results of pathological examination of the lymph nodes obtained during intraoperative dissection,the all participants were divided into three groups (lymph nodes without metastasis,1 to 3 metastasis,and ≥3 metastasis),including 66,124,and 62 cases,respectively.The Cox proportional regression risk models were used to assess the hazard ratio (HR) and its 95％ confidence interval (CI) of time interval between diagnosis and surgical treatment with the prognosis of breast cancer,with adjustment for age,education levels and body mass index.Further,stratified analysis by tumor characteristics,including pathological type,histological grade,tumor diameter,lymph node metastasis,and receptor expression were also conducted to evaluated the above association.Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to evaluate the effects of time interval between diagnosis and surgical treatment on the prognosis of breast cancer.Results The Kaplan-Meier survival curves for the five-year follow-up of total survival time between 4 different time intervals groups showed significantly different (P ＜0.001),and patients with a pre-treatment interval of ＜2 weeks had the longest survival time,while those with ≥8 weeks had the lowest survival time.With a one-week interval before treatment,the overall risk of death in breast cancer patients increased by 6％ (HR =1.06,95％ CI:1.01-1.1 l),and the risk of breast cancer death increased by 8％ (HR =1.08,95％ CI:1.02-1.14),the risk of distant metastasis of breast cancer cells increased by 10％ (HR =1.10,95％ CI:1.08-1.13).With the increase in breast cancer tumor diameter (＜20 mm,20-40 mm,≥40 mm),the overall risk of death due to prolonged treatment interval increased gradually,with HR (95％CI) were 1.06 (1.03-1.09),1.08 (1.02-1.12) and 1.11 (1.05-1.17),respectively.With the increase of lymph node metastasis in breast cancer (no metastasis,metastasis at 1-3,≥ 3 metastasis),the total mortality risk caused by prolonged treatment time interval also showed an increasing trend,with HR (95％CI) were 1.04 (1.02-1.08),1.06 (1.04-1.08) and 1.08 (0.99-1.11),respectively.The same results were also shown in the effect of tumor diameter or distant lymph node metastasis on the association between treatment time interval and breast cancer survival and distant metastasis of breast cancer cells.Conclusion With the prolongation of the time interval between the diagnosis of the breast cancer and the surgical treatment of breast cancer patients,the risk of postoperative death is significantly increased,and the association is more pronounced in breast cancer patients with larger tumor volume or higher distant lymph node metastasis.
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Objective To explore the application of Oxybuprocaine Hydrochloride Gel in colonoscopy examination. Methods 1000 patients received colonoscopy examination were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 500 cases in each. Oxybuprocaine Hydrochloride Gel was applied on anal region in the experimental group before endoscopy for perianal anesthesia and lubrication. Paraffin oil was used in the control group to lubricate perianal and enteroscopy. The success rate of primary insertion, visual analogue pain score (VAS) score, examination time and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results In the experimental group, the success rate of primary insertion (95%) was higher than that of the control group (76%), and the pain score was lower than that of the control group.The examination time was shortened, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions Oxybuprocaine Hydrochloride Gel applied to colonoscopy can effectively reduce the patient's pain and discomfort, improve the success rate of primary insertion, shorten the examination time. And the method is worthy of clinical popularization and application.