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Objective To propose a family-centred health education program for family caregivers of Autistic children and investigate its clinical value.Methods Delphi method was used to establish a family-centred Autistic children care program for family caregivers looking after the Autistic children,which involved two rounds of expert consultation.The pre-and post-control method for different cases was employed in the study.Forty Autistic caregivers in our hospital from January 2022 to October 2022 were assigned to the control group and another 40 in our hospital from November 2022 to January 2023 were assigned to the observation group.The family caregivers of Autistic children in the control group received traditional care education,while those in the observation group was managed with the family-centred Autistic children health education program.The two groups were compared in terms of care burden,knowledge of health education,and evaluation of clinical symptom of Autistic children.Results The expert authority coefficient of the first round of expert consultation was 0.875 respectively and those in the second round was 0.900,respectively.The coefficient of variation of the coordination degree of each index was 0.04-0.20.Kendalls W scores of the two rounds were 0.794 and 0.786,respectively.A health education program for family-centred Autistic children caregiver was established to consist of three subjects:caregiver training,family-centred parental care and activation of positive emotions of autistic caregivers.Autism caregivers in both groups had completed the study.In comparison with the control group,the care burden of the observation group was significantly lower,the knowledge of health education was significantly higher,and the evaluation of children's clinical symptoms was better among the family caregivers of autistic children in the observation group(all P<0.05).Conclusions The family-centred autistic children care program for family caregivers is scientific and applicable.It is conducive to providing health education guidance for family caregivers of Autistic children,effectively reducing the care burden and enhancing the knowledge of health education.
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Objective@#Based on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) variables on weekdays and weekends, the study aims to cluster the physical activities inside and outside kindergartens and to explore the cluster characteristics of different children using physical fitness indicators, so as to provide new strategies and methods for early childhood education and health.@*Methods@#From March to June 2019, 291 children aged 3-6 years from 6 kindergartens in Nanchang were recruited by a stratified cluster random sampling method. The ActiGraph GT3X-BT triaxial accelerometer was used to measure and analyze the PA and SB levels inside and outside the kindergarten. A twostep clustering algorithm model was employed for cluster analysis. Physical fitness were measured and evaluated according to the "National Physical Fitness Measurement Standard Manual (Preschool Section)". Differences in physical fitness among different clusters of children were compared, and the cluster characteristics of different children were analyzed.@*Results@#The clustering algorithm model indicated that based on six indicators, including PA and SB inside the kindergarten on weekdays, and PA and SB outside the kindergarten on both weekdays and weekends, children could be divided into three categories:active inside (high PA, low SB inside), active outside (high PA outside), and inactive (low PA, high SB both inside and outside). The average silhouette coefficient of the model was 0.3, indicating good clustering results. Both the active inside and active outside children showed significantly higher PA inside on weekdays, PA outside on weekdays and weekends, daily low intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) than the inactive children ( F=157.91, 80.79 , 95.86, 95.52, 124.74, P <0.05). After adjusting for gender and age, the physical fitness scores of both active outside ( 19.03 ±0.47) and active inside (19.11±0.40) were significantly higher than those of the inactive children (17.94±0.31). Additionally, active inside children (3.91±0.14) also showed significantly better performance in continuous double-leg jumps, compared to inactive children (3.45±0.11) ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Children active inside and those active outside perform well in PA. Future research should focus on the proportion of structured and unstructured PA time to enhance the overall physical fitness of children.
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Objective To investigate the role of low dose esketamine in pretreated limb ischemia-reperfusion inju-ry.Methods The rats were divided into sham-operated group(Sham group),ischemia-reperfusion group(I/R group,3 h of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion),esketamine group(ESK group,ip,5 mg/kg).The plasma con-centrations of creatine kinase(CK)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)were measured.The wet/dry weight ratio of skeletal muscle was immediately detected.The gastrocnemius muscle was harvested and the level of malondial-dehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)was detected by colorimetric assay.The expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)were detected by Western blot and im-munohistochemical staining.Results Compared with Sham group,the index of wet/dry weight ratio,MDA,CK,LDH,Nrf2 and HO-1 were all increased,but SOD was decreased in I/R group(P＜0.05).Compared with I/R group,the index of wet/dry weight ratio,MDA,CK and LDH were significantly lower,but SOD and Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly higher in ESK group(P＜0.05).Conclusions ESK may increase Nrf2 in the nucleus,thereby increase the HO-1 protein as an antioxidant agent.
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[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To observe the effect of ginsenoside Rb 1 on the proliferation and the expression of serotonin transporter (SERT), 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor (5-HT1BR) in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) under hypoxia condition and the relationship with Rho /Rho-kinase signal pathway .METHODS: PASMCs were isolated from the adult male SD rats and primarily cultured .The subcultured cells from the 4th generation to the 6th generation were harvested and divided into normal group , and hypoxia group , different concentrations of Rb 1 incubation groups treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/L ginsenoside Rb1 under hypoxia (HR50, HR100 and HR200 groups, respectively).The viability of the PASMCs was measured by CCK-8 assay.BrdU positive cells were determined using flow cytometry .The expression of serotonin transporter and 5-HT1BR at mRNA and protein levels was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The PASMCs were randomly divided into normal group , hypoxia group , HR200 group and hypoxia +Y-27632 incubation group ( HY group ) .The mRNA expression of Rho-kinase and phosphorylated myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 ( p-MYPT1) protein level were investigated by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively.RESULTS: Compared with normal group, the proliferation of PASMCs in hypoxia group was significantly increased (P<0.01).The cell viability and the ex-pression of SERT and 5-HT1B R at mRNA and protein levels in all different concentrations of Rb 1 groups were obviously de-creased compared with hypoxia group ( P<0.05 ) .The mRNA expression of Rho-kinase and protein level of p-MYPT1 were markedly decreased in HR200 group, and no significant difference compared with HY group was observed ( P <0.01).CONCLUSION: Treatment with ginsenoside Rb1 might prevent hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs and over-expression of SERT and 5-HT1B R through inhibiting the Rho/Rho-kinase pathway .