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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is a type of RNA over 200 nt long without any protein coding ability, which has been investigated relating to crucial biological function in cells. There are many key lncRNAs in tumor/normal cells that serve as a biological marker or a new target for tumor treatment. However, compared to some small non-coding RNA, lncRNA-based drugs are limited in clinical application. Different from other non-coding RNA, like microRNAs, most lncRNAs have a high molecular weight and conserved secondary structure, making the delivery of lncRNAs more complex than the small non-coding RNAs. Considering that lncRNAs constitute the most abundant part of the mammalian genome, it is critical to further explore lncRNA delivery and the subsequent functional studies for potential clinical application. In this review, we will discuss the function and mechanism of lncRNAs in diseases, especially cancer, and different approaches for lncRNA transfection using multiple biomaterials.
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Objective:To investigate the analgesic efficacy of dexmedetomidine combined with fentanyl citrate injection in patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy and its effects on inflammatory factor level.Methods:200 patients with appendicitis who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy in Hangzhou Dajiangdong Hospital from April 2017 to March 2019 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive postoperative anesthesia either with fentanyl citrate injection alone (control group, n = 100) or fentanyl citrate injection combined with dexmedetomidine (observation group, n = 100). At different time points after surgery, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score was compared between the two groups. Inflammatory factors C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels before and after surgery, and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results:At 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after surgery, VAS score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( t = 4.671, 9.594, 10.877 and 12.358, all P < 0.001). Before surgery, there were significant differences in C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels between the two groups ( t = 0.224, 0.188, 0.421, all P > 0.05). At 24 hours after surgery, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in each group were significantly increased compared with before surgery, and C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t = 2.496, 2.209, 3.165, all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the control and observation groups [8.00% (8/100) vs. 10.00% (10/100), χ2 = 0.244, P > 0.05]. Conclusion:Dexmedetomidine combined with fentanyl citrate injection exhibits good and anesthesic and analgesic effects during laparoscopic appendectomy, helps inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors, reduces the level of inflammatory factors, leads to less adverse reactions, and is highly safe.
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OBJECTIVE: To screen the serum biomarkers in workers occupationally exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles(TiO_2 NPs) using metabolomics technology. METHODS: Using a typical sampling method, 56 workers who have occupationally exposed to TiO_(2 )in a TiO_2 NPs manufacturer were selected as the exposure group and 44 employees without occupational exposure to TiO_2 were selected as the control group. The high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology was used to perform non-targeted metabolomics detection. The difference in serum metabolite profiles of the TiO_2 NPs exposure group and the control group were analyzed. Key differential metabolites and potential biomarkers were screened. The sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers were assessed through receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve.RESULTS: We detected a total of 1 492 mass spectrum peaks in serum samples by serum metabolomics analysis, and 413 well-matched metabolites were obtained after annotation and identification. The results of principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis showed that a total of 296 differentially expressed metabolites were found in the serum of individuals of the exposure group compared with the control group(all P<0.01). Among them the relative expression of metabolites increased in 265 species and decreased in 31 species. The ROC analysis results showed that the area under the ROC curve of five metabolites exceeded 0.900, and these metabolites included tanacetol A,(5 E)-2-hydroxy-4-oxobenzopenta-5-en-1-ylacetic acid, triterpene saponins organic compounds, 9,10,13-trihydroxystearic acid, and liquoric acid. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the relative expression of all the five metabolites were positively correlated with occupational exposure to TiO_2 NPs after adjusting for the influence of confounding factors such as gender, age, body mass index, smoking and drinking(all P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Occupational exposure to TiO_2 NPs could induce changes in serum metabolite profiles. The metabolites represented by tanacetol A in serum can be used as potential biomarkers for indicating occupational exposure to TiO_2 NPs.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effects and related mechanisms of oral exposure titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) for 90 days on the intestinal and the gut microbiota of rats, through fecal metabolomics.@*METHODS@#Twelve 4-week-old clean-grade Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly de-vided into 2 groups by body weight, treated with TiO2 NPs at dose of 0 or 50 mg/kg body weight everyday respectively for 90 days. The solution of each infection was freshly prepared and shocked fully by ultrasonic. Characterization of the particle size, crystal form, purity, and specific surface area of TiO2 NPs was conducted. And the fresh feces of the rats were collected on the 90th day. After lyophilized and hydrophilic phase extraction, ultra performance liquid chromatography-Q-exactive orbitrap-high-resolution mass spectrometry system (UPLC-QEMS) was utilized for non-targeted determination of fecal meta-bolites. The metabolites were identified and labeled through Compound Discoverer 3.0 software, and used for subsequent metabolomics analysis. Bioinformatics analysis was carried out including unsupervised principal component analysis and supervised orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis for the differential metabolites between the two groups. The differential metabolites were followed-up for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the body weight of the rats was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the treatment group. A total of 22 metabolites in fecal metabolomics showed significant changes. Among them, xanthine, 1-methyladenine, 3-hydroxypyridine, methionine sulfoxide, pyridoxine, 1,5-isoquinolinediol, N-acetylornithine, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, L-citrulline, L-methionine, leucine, DL-tryptophan, L-ornithine, 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol, and L-glutamic acid totaled 15 metabolites increased significantly. N-acetylhistamine, D-pipecolinic acid, imidazolelactic acid, L-valine, 2,3,4,6-tetramethylpyrazine, caprolactam, and histamine totaled 7 metabolites decreased significantly. N-acetylhistamine, L-valine and methionine sulfoxide were changed more than 16 times. Analysis of KEGG pathway revealed that the two metabolic pathways arginine biosynthesis and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis were significantly changed (false discover rate < 0.05, pathway impact > 0.1).@*CONCLUSION@#Oral exposure to TiO2 NPs for 90 days could disrupt the metabolism of the intestine and gut microbiota, causing significant changes in metabolites and metabolic pathways which were related to inflammatory response, oxidative stress, glucose homeostasis, blood system and amino acid homeostasis in rat feces. It is suggested that the toxic effect of TiO2 NPs on rats may be closely related to intestinal and gut microbiota metabolism.
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Animals , Rats , Administration, Oral , Feces , Metabolome , Metal Nanoparticles , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , TitaniumABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of subchronic combined oral exposure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and glucose on levels of serum folate and vitamin B12 in young SD rats.@*METHODS@#At first, the physical and chemical properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, such as particle size, shape, crystal form and agglomeration degree in solution system, were characterized in detail. Eighty 4-week-old young SD rats were randomly divided into 8 groups (10 rats in each group, half male and half female). The rats were exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles through intragastric administration at 0, 2, 10 and 50 mg/kg body weight with or without 1.8 g/kg glucose daily for 90 days. At last, the concentrations of serum folate and vitamin B12 were detected.@*RESULTS@#Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were anatase crystals, closely spherical shape, with an average particle size of (24±5) nm. In male young rats, compared with the control group, the serum folate concentration was significantly increased when exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (10 mg/kg) and glucose. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). However, in female and male young rats, compared with glucose (1.8 g/kg) exposure group, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (50 mg/kg) and glucose significantly reduced the serum folate concentration. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Through statistical analysis of factorial design and calculation of interaction, obvious antagonistic effect was observed between titanium dioxide nanoparticles and glucose on the serum folate concentration in the young female SD rats. The combined oral exposure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and glucose had little effect on the concentration of serum vitamin B12 in the young SD rats, with no significant interaction between the two substances. It was only found that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (2 mg/kg) and glucose significantly increased the serum vitamin B12 concentration, compared with glucose (1.8 g/kg) exposure group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Subchronic combined oral exposure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and glucose had an obvious antagonistic effect on serum folate concentrations in young SD rats.
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Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Folic Acid , Glucose , Metal Nanoparticles , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Titanium , Vitamin B 12 , VitaminsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the surgical results of the intradural transpetrosectomy for petrous apex meningiomas (PAMs). In addition, we describe the methods and techniques used to expose and manage superior petrous vein and greater superficial petrosal nerve. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective study of 16 patients with PAMs operated by the senior author via the intradural transpetrosectomy between February 2012 to May 2017. We reviewed patient data regarding the general characteristics, surgical technique and surgery-related outcomes and adopted a combined follow-up strategy of clinic and telephone contacts to evaluate postoperative complications. RESULTS: Simpson grade I and II resection was performed in 10 out of 16 cases (62.5%), and grade III resection were reported in the remaining six cases (37.5%) with no resultant mortality. The mean Karnofsky Performance Status score was 85.6 preoperatively and improved to 91.9 postoperatively, with a mean follow-up period of 34.4 months (range, 6–66 months). Tumor recurrence was found in two patients and they underwent the second surgical operation. CONCLUSION: PAMs could be completely resected by the intradural transpetrosectomy with an improved survival rate and postoperative life quality. Superior petrous vein and greater superficial petrosal nerve should be managed properly in avoidance of postoperative complications. Finally, most meningioma inside cavernous sinus or adhered to brainstem could be totally removed without postoperative complications.
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Humans , Brain Stem , Cavernous Sinus , Follow-Up Studies , Karnofsky Performance Status , Meningioma , Mortality , Neurosurgical Procedures , Petrous Bone , Postoperative Complications , Quality of Life , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate , Telephone , VeinsABSTRACT
Isoflavones are widely consumed by people around the world in the form of soy products, dietary supplements and drugs. Many isoflavones or related crude extracts have been reported to exert pain-relief activities, but the mechanism remains unclear. Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) play important roles in excitability of pain sensing neurons and many of them are important nociceptors. Here, we report that several isoflavones including 3'-methoxydaidzein (3MOD), genistein (GEN) and daidzein (DAI) show abilities to block VGSCs and thus to attenuate chemicals and heat induced acute pain or chronic constriction injury (CCI) induced pain hypersensitivity in mice. Especially, 3MOD shows strong analgesic potential without inducing addiction through inhibiting subtypes Na1.7, Na1.8 and Na1.3 with the IC of 181 ± 14, 397 ± 26, and 505 ± 46 nmol·L, respectively, providing a promising compound or parent structure for the treatment of pain pathologies. This study reveals a pain-alleviating mechanism of dietary isoflavones and may provide a convenient avenue to alleviate pain.
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Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Analgesics , Chemistry , Isoflavones , Chemistry , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Pain , Drug Therapy , Genetics , Metabolism , Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers , Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the surgical results of the intradural transpetrosectomy for petrous apex meningiomas (PAMs). In addition, we describe the methods and techniques used to expose and manage superior petrous vein and greater superficial petrosal nerve.METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective study of 16 patients with PAMs operated by the senior author via the intradural transpetrosectomy between February 2012 to May 2017. We reviewed patient data regarding the general characteristics, surgical technique and surgery-related outcomes and adopted a combined follow-up strategy of clinic and telephone contacts to evaluate postoperative complications.RESULTS: Simpson grade I and II resection was performed in 10 out of 16 cases (62.5%), and grade III resection were reported in the remaining six cases (37.5%) with no resultant mortality. The mean Karnofsky Performance Status score was 85.6 preoperatively and improved to 91.9 postoperatively, with a mean follow-up period of 34.4 months (range, 6–66 months). Tumor recurrence was found in two patients and they underwent the second surgical operation.CONCLUSION: PAMs could be completely resected by the intradural transpetrosectomy with an improved survival rate and postoperative life quality. Superior petrous vein and greater superficial petrosal nerve should be managed properly in avoidance of postoperative complications. Finally, most meningioma inside cavernous sinus or adhered to brainstem could be totally removed without postoperative complications.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Stem , Cavernous Sinus , Follow-Up Studies , Karnofsky Performance Status , Meningioma , Mortality , Neurosurgical Procedures , Petrous Bone , Postoperative Complications , Quality of Life , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate , Telephone , VeinsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate correlation between QT interval(QT),corrected QT interval(QTc) and metabolic syndrome(MS). Methods Residents who participated in our survey concerning atherosclerosis and related diseases conducted in Shenyang were included. They accomplished questionnaire,physical examination, laboratory tests and electrocardiography test. We divided them into MS group and non-metabolic syndrome (NMS)group according to International Diabetes Federation(IDF)diagnostic criteria for MS. QT interval was measured from the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram. QTc was calculated by using Bazett and Fridericia equations. We analyze correlation of QT ,QTc and MS. Results A total of 739 residents who were 35~64 years old were included. Individuals with MS had longer QTcB and QTcF than NMS group[(415.8 ± 31.9)ms vs.(410.1 ± 32.1)ms, (407.2± 29.1)ms vs.(402.6 ± 28.8)ms,P<0.05]. The more the number of abnormal MS parameters they had, the longer the QT,QTcB and QTcF they had. Regression analysis showed that QT was associated with serum potassium,smoking,blood glucose,and LDL,and QTcB and QTcF were associated with hypertension,waist circumference and blood potassium. Conclusions MS is associated with corrected QTc. Careful ECG monitoring among persons with MS for early detection of a long corrected QT interval may prevent severe and often fatal arrhythmias or sudden death.
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Microglia are activated and involve in the pathological and physiological processes of early brain injury and delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage, thus impact the outcome of patients. Numerous studies have shown that microglia have different typings, signaling pathways,and functions. Interference with microglial activation or reduction of cytotoxic metabolites is important for improving the prognosis of SAH patients.
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Objective:To study the relationship between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (N/L) and traditional cardio‐vascular risk factors among community 35~64‐year‐old residents .Methods :A total of 1884 residents (548 males and 1336 females) from urban Shenyang city received baseline condition questionnaire on cardiovascular diseases and re‐lated diseases from Apr 2011 to Feb 2012. According to presence of cardiovascular risk factors or not ,subjects were divided into healthy control group (n=675) and risk factor group (n=1209);according to number of risk factors , risk factor group was further divided into one risk factor group (n=491) ,two risk factors group (n=263) and ≥3 risk factors group (n=455) .Morning blood sample and urine sample were retained to measure blood and urine rou‐tine ,blood glucose and blood lipid profile etc in all subjects .N/L was compared and analyzed among all groups .Re‐sults:Among patients with only one of following risk factors [hypertension ,diabetes mellitus (DM) ,dyslipidemia and obesity] ,N/L levels of patients with hypertension or DM were significantly higher than that of healthy control group [1.55(1.15 ,1.95) ,1.60(1.21 ,2.07) vs .1.45(1.09 ,1.91)] , P0.05 all .Among risk factor sub‐groups ,N/L level of ≥3 risk factors group was significantly higher than that of two risk factors group [1.57(1.16 , 2.04) vs .1.41(1.07 ,1.89) ,P0.05) .Conclusion:N/L significantly related to hypertension or DM ,and N/L level of ≥3 risk factors group was sig‐nificantly higher than that of two risk factors group ,N/L is helpful to assess risk of cardiovascular diseases .
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Objective To study the independent risk factors of relapse of smoking among current smokers of different ages who underwent percuta?neous coronary intervention(PCI). Methods Totally 197 current smokers who received PCI from January 2007 to December 2009 in the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University were enrolled. Information about relapse of smoking was collected through the medical records and the telephone follow?up. Discrepancy of risk factors of smoking resumption was compared in different age groups. Results Totally 112 patients re?sumed smoking after PCI. There were 87 patients in the non?elderly group and 25 in the elderly group. According to the correlation analysis,more than one stents(P=0.025),severe nicotine dependence(P=0.001)and long time for daily passive smoking(P=0.000)were related with relapse in the non?elderly group,and there was a negative correlation between more than one stents and relapse. But in the elderly group,relapse was associ?ated with history of hypertension(P=0.034). According to the logistic regression analysis in different age groups,independent predictors of smoking relapse in the non?elderly group were severe nicotine dependence(OR:3.914,P=0.003)and long time for daily passive smoking(OR:1.352,P=0.000). And in the elderly group,independent risk factors of smoking relapse were male(OR:17.325,P=0.027),history of hypertension(OR:13.185,P=0.005),long time for daily passive smoking(OR:1.273,P=0.045)Conclusion Independent risk factors of smoking relapse were different in the elderly group and the non?elderly group. In the non?elderly group,these factors were severe nicotine dependence and long time for dai?ly passive smoking. And in elderly group,these factors were male,history of hypertension,long time for daily passive smoking.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Although it is generally acknowledged that patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) obtain the greatest benefit from endovascular repair (EVAR), convincing evidence on the medium-long term effect is lacking. The aim of this study was to compare and summarize published results of rAAA that underwent EVAR with open surgical repair (OSR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A search of publicly published literature was performed. Based on an inclusion and exclusion criteria, a systematic meta-analysis was undertaken to compare patient characteristics, complications, short term mortality and medium-long term outcomes. A random-effects model was used to pool the data and calculate pooled odds ratios and weighted mean differences. A quantitative method was used to analyze the differences between these two methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A search of the published literature showed that fourteen English language papers comprising totally 1213 patients with rAAA (435 EVAR and 778 OSR) would be suitable for this study. Furthermore, 13 Chinese studies were included, including 267 patients with rAAA totally, among which 238 patients received operation. The endovascular method was associated with more respiratory diseases before treatment (OR = 1.81, P = 0.01), while there are more patients with hemodynamic instability before treatment in OSR group (OR = 1.53, P = 0.031). Mean blood transfusion was 1328 ml for EVAR and 2809 ml for OSR (weighted mean difference (WMD) 1500 ml, P = 0.014). The endovascular method was associated with a shorter stay in intensive care (WMD 2.34 days, P < 0.001) and a shorter total postoperative stay (WMD 6.27 days, P < 0.001). The pooled post-operative complication rate of respiratory system and visceral ischemia seldom occurred in the EVAR group (OR = 0.48, P < 0.001 and OR = 0.28, P = 0.043, respectively). The pooled 30-day mortality was 25.7% for EVAR and 39.6% for OSR, and the odds ratio was 0.53 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41-0.70, P < 0.001). There was not, however, any significant reduction in the medium-long all-cause mortality rate (HR = 1.13, P = 0.381) and re-intervention rate (OR = 2.19, P = 0.243) following EVAR. In EVAR group, nevertheless, incidence of type I endoleak was significantly lower than type II endoleak (OR = 0.33, P = 0.039) at late follow-up period.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>On the basis of this systematic review, rAAA EVAR results in less blood use for transfusion, shorter operation time, shorter intensive care unit and hospital stays, and lower 30-day mortality. However, in the medium-long term, it is not associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality.</p>
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Female , Humans , Male , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal , General Surgery , Aortic Rupture , General Surgery , Postoperative Complications , Treatment Outcome , Vascular Surgical Procedures , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive form of lung cancer. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of human small cell lung cancer cell line resistance to etoposide (VP-16), H446/VP.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Immunocytochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting methods were used to detect the multidrug resistance gene (MDR1), bcl-2, bax and the topoisomerase II (Topo II) expressions in H446 and H446/VP cells after treated with or without VP-16.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of VP-16 on H446 cells was 49 mg/L, and 836 mg/L was for H446/VP cells. The expressions of MDR1 and bcl-2 were up-regulated, while the amounts of bax and Topo II were reduced in H446/VP cells. After treated with 49 mg/L of VP-16, it showed that the drug could significantly inhibit bcl-2 and Topo II expressions, and increase bax expression in H446 cells compared with that of H446/VP cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The H446/VP cell was stably resistant to VP-16. The decreased expression of Topo II was correlated with the H446/VP multidrug resistance. The elevated expressions of MDR1, and the altered apoptotic pathways also played an important role in VP-16 induced multidrug resistance of SCLC.</p>
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Humans , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 , Genetics , Metabolism , Antigens, Neoplasm , Genetics , Metabolism , Blotting, Western , Cell Line, Tumor , DNA Topoisomerases, Type II , Genetics , Metabolism , DNA-Binding Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Genetics , Physiology , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Genetics , Physiology , Immunohistochemistry , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 , Genetics , Metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To investigate ASPS induced G_2/M arrest in lung cancer cell line H446 and its effect on ERK MAP kinase signal transduction pathways. Methods Cell cycle phases were inspected by flow cytometery (FCM) ; Western blot analysis was used to inspect the proteins of ERK, p-ERK. Results Compared with control group, G_2/M phase cells increased with concentration significantly, G_0/G_1 phase cells were not different, G_2/M phase cells and G_0/G_1 phase cells were not different when pre-incubated with PD98059 prior to exposure to ASPS of different concentrations, protein of p-ERK was significantly increased, expression of ERK was no different. Conclusion ASPS may induce G_2/M arrest of H446 cells possibly by activation ERK MAP kinase pathways.
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Objective The present study is to investigate IL-24 gene(Ad5F35-hIL-24) effect on the topoisommeraseⅡα(topoⅡα) and Caspase-3 expression in glioma cell line U251. Methods After transfected the U251 glioma cells with the Ad5F35-hIL-24, the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) was used to analyse the inhibition rate of Ad5F35-hIL-24 on the cells. Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining and flow cytometric assay were used to detect apoptosis. The immunohistochemistry assay was used to detect topoⅡα expression, and Western blotting was applied to detect the protein expression of topoⅡα and caspase-3. Transwell experiment was used to test the invasiveness of the cells. Results It was found that the Ad5F35-hIL-24 could inhibit U251 cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in a dose dependent manner compared with the control groups. It showed that Ad5F35-hIL-24 could inhibit topoⅡα expression reveled by immunohistochemistry and Westeren blotting, while it increased caspase-3 protein expression. The Transwell experiment showed that the Ad5F35-hIL-24 could reduce the invasiveness of the U251 glioma cells.Conclusion The exogenous IL-24 gene can inhibit the cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of U251 glioma cells. The topoⅡα and Caspase-3 are the important molecular targets of the IL-24 gene. These results may give support for the IL-24 gene usage in clinical treatment for glioma patients.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>There are lots of mucus, blood, inflammatory cells and necrotic material in the pick-and-smear slides, resulting in a low detection rate. Liquid-based cytologic test (LCT) has been applied for cervical cytology diagnosis successfully and widely, however it is few reported yet for sputum cytology diagnosis at present. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical value of LCT in sputum examination of patients with lung cancer, and to find a novel method of early diagnosis of lung cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cytologic findings and the diagnostic rate for lung cancer were compared between LCT and conventional pick-and-smear method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were smaller area of smear membrane, clearer background, more distinctly cytologic picture and stereoscopic fell by LCT comparing with pick-and-smear method. The diagnostic rate for small cell lung cancer by LCT was significantly higher than that by pick-and-smear method (P < 0.05). After combined detection of the two methods, the diagnostic rate for lung cancer was obviously improved (85.1%), which was remarkably higher than that by pick-and-smear method alone (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It is operated easily for LCT to be well controlled in making smear and dyeing. LCT may be a novel technique worthy of wide use. Combination of LCT with pick-and-smear method appears to be of great value in clinical application.</p>
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The interaction between tumor cells and stroma cells plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of tumor. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the proliferative activity of fibroblasts in lung cancer, and to explore its correlation with tumor biologic behavior.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-four cases of surgically resected specimens of lung cancer were collected. The proliferative activity of fibroblasts was immunohistochemically evaluated with the mouse monoclonal antibody against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The tumor cells in the outer area had significantly higher PCNA label index (LI) than those in the inner area, however, the PCNA LI of fibroblasts in the inner area was significantly higher than those in the outer area regardless of tumor size. The PCNA LI of fibroblasts in the paracancerous tissues was significantly lower than that of fibroblasts in the inner or outer area of tumor. There was a significant correlation between the PCNA LI of fibroblasts and that of tumor cells in the inner or outer area of tumor. The PCNA LI of fibroblasts in either inner or outer area showed a significant correlation with lymph node metastasis of lung cancer.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results demonstrate that there is a discrepancy in the distribution of highly proliferative tumor cells and highly proliferative fibroblasts in lung cancer. The proliferative activity of tumor cells should be assessed in tumor cells in the outer area, and proliferative activity of fibroblasts should be assessed in fibroblasts in the inner area.</p>