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Objective:To discuss the classification and treatment of ureteroileal anastomotic stricture (UAS) after radical cystectomy.Methods:The clinical data of 34 patients with UAS after radical cystectomy in the Department of Urology of Tongji Hospital from January 2017 to January 2022 were reviewed and analyzed. There were 25 males and 9 females. The average age was (66.3±7.7)years, including 2 cases of bilateral hydronephrosis and 32 cases of unilateral hydronephrosis. The average time of UAS was detected (14.7±6.5)months after radical cystectomy. There were 32 patients of unilateral hydronephrosis and 2 patients of bilateral hydronephrosis. Two patients had undergone nephrostomy in an external hospital. Three patients had elevated leukocytes in blood routine. Among them, two patients had fever. First, nephrostomy on the hydronephrosis side and anti-infection treatment were performed. After routine blood tests showed that the white blood cells were normal and antibiotics were stopped for 24 hours without fever, the operation was performed. 34 patients had preoperative hydronephrosis of (2.7±0.6) cm. Of the 34 cases in this group, 5 cases were injected with methylene blue through a preoperative nephrostomy tube, and 29 were injected with methylene blue through the renal pelvis using an 18G puncture needle under ultrasound guidance. Using a ureteroscope to observe in the ileal bladder, methylene blue was seen in 4 cases. Methylene blue was used to guide the search for the stenosis and a super smooth guide wire was inserted. Among them, 3 cases were dilated with a 5 mm ureteral dilation balloon catheter, 1 case was dilated with a F14 ureteral access sheath, and then a F6 single J stent was inserted. Methylene blue was not seen in the ileal conduit in 30 cases, of which 16 cases were treated with a flexible ureteroscope through the nephrostomy to locate the stenosis, incised with a 30 W holmium laser. 9 cases were treated with 5 mm ureteral dilation balloon catheter, and 7 cases were treated with a F14 ureteral access sheath, and then an F6 single J stent was inserted. 14 cases were unable to find the stenosis by antegrade method. According to the operation time and patient's condition, it was decided to perform immediate or second stage dual endoscope surgery. Through the nephrostomy, a flexible ureteroscope was used to enter the stenosis along the super slide guide wire. A rigid ureteroscope was used to observe the stenosis through the ileal conduit, and the stenosis was found. The stenosis was found in 10 cases and incised with a 30 W holmium laser. 8 cases were treated with 5 mm ureteral dilation balloon catheter, and 2 cases were treated with a F14 ureteral access sheath, and then an F6 single J stent was inserted. 4 cases were still unable to accurately locate the stenosis using the dual endoscope surgery(one case was bilateral stenosis, and one side was relieved), and continued indwelling nephrostomy. The definition of successful removal of stricture in this study is that an F6 single J stent can be inserted into the ureter.Results:UAS were classified into four types based on the severity of the intraoperative findings: Type Ⅰ, the narrow ureteral lumen is more than 50% narrower than the normal ureteral lumen, but methylene blue can pass through in strands; Type Ⅱ, needle like stricture of the ureteral lumen, allowing only methylene blue filaments to pass through; Type Ⅲ, membranous atresia of the ureter, with a narrow segment of 1 to 3 mm in length, and methylene blue cannot pass through; Type Ⅳ, long segment stenosis. Of the 34 cases in this group, 4 cases were type Ⅰ, and the stenosis was dredged by retrograde method; 16 cases were type Ⅱ, and the stenotic segments were dredged by antegrade method; 10 cases were type Ⅲ, and the stenosis was dredged by the dual endoscope surgery; Four cases were of type Ⅳ (one case was of bilateral UAS, one side was of type Ⅲ, and the other side was of type Ⅳ, which was classified as type Ⅳ). The stenotic segment could not be solved through the above methods. Among the 34 patients, 30 patients were successfully relieved of anastomotic obstruction, and 1 patient with bilateral obstruction was unilaterally relieved of anastomotic obstruction. In the other 3 cases, because the stenosis segment was too long, 2 cases were changed to nephrostomy, and 1 case was changed to open surgery, with a success rate of 88.2%. UAS was classified into 4 types based on the severity of UAS seen during surgery. No serious complications occurred during and after the operation. During the follow-up of 6-24 months, the imaging evaluation of 4 patients showed that hydronephrosis was aggravated, with an average increase in creatinine of (32.5±10.9)μmol/L, requiring replacement of a single J tube. The imaging evaluation of the remaining 26 patients showed that the postoperative hydronephrosis was 0.9 ± 0.6 cm less than the preoperative hydronephrosis 2.6 ± 0.6 cm, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.01). The quality of life score at 3 months after surgery was (1.9±0.6), which was significantly improved compared to the preoperative indwelling nephrostomy period (5.2±0.7), with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.01) Conclusions:The treatment of UAS after radical cystectomy with retrograde, antegrade, and dual endoscope surgery has a high success rate, which can help some patients avoid the inconvenience of indwelling external drainage tubes and the risk of open surgery. Choosing an appropriate surgical method can achieve the goal of treating UAS with minimal trauma.
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Objective By comparing the fatigue strength of type A and type B locking compression plates (LCP) in distal femoral plate, a theoretical evaluation method was provided for type selection of bone plate when testing its bending strength and fatigue performance. Methods Through bending strength performance test and fatigue performance test on bone plates with different types, combined with ANSYS Workbench, the finite element analysis on total deformation, von Mises stress and fatigue service life of bone plates were conducted. Results The fatigue strength of type A plate was 30.7% higher than that of type B plate, the stress of type A plate was lower than that of type B plate, and the minimum fatigue service life of type A plate was 17% higher than that of type B plate. Conclusions The fatigue performance of type A plate is better than that of type B plate, so the failure possibility of type A plate was lower than that of type B plate.The results provide references for assisting selection of different bone plates when testing the performance of two newly developed bone plates.
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To establish a case-based learning (CBL) database of Pathology for medical students in imaging specialty, which includes chief complaints and history of present illness, case characteristics, imaging findings, questions, surgical findings and discussion. Cases in the CBL database was obtained from newly resected specimen, which were combined with various imaging test results of patients before surgery. All the information of each case, including postoperative pathological diagnosis report, was collected to perfect the database. The database was used in the CBL teaching of pathology, which has stimulated students' learning initiative and enthusiasm, cultivated their logic thinking of imaging diagnosis and improved the teaching effect.
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Some problems are arisen in teaching diagnostic pathology in our college for postgradu-ates of Pathology and Pathophysiology, the students' basic knowledge is weak, the cycle is short, the teaching team and resources are relatively insufficient. To promote the cultivation of graduate students, we should carry out the CBL teaching method, add the clinical practice and training, strengthen the teaching staff, and apply digital section and network platform.
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Objective To explore the value of small surface coil combine with three-dimensional fast imaging with steady state precession and fat-suppression (3D-FISP-FS) sequence in displaying intra-parotid facial nerves segment and parotid ducts.Methods The parotid regions of 18 healthy volunteers who were excluded any parotid diseases were scanned by head&neck coil (36 sides) and 4 cm small surface coil (32 sides) combined with 3D-FISP-FS sequence prospectively. The obtained original images were treated through MIP, MPR and CPR, The MRI signal characteristics of parotid region structure, the subjective score of image quality, the signal intensity ratio (SIR) of facial nerve/parotid tissue (SIR N) and parotid duct/parotid tissue (SIRD) was calculated, and the displaying rates of the facial nerves and parotid ducts were observed. Wilcoxon matched-samples signed rank sum test was used to compare the scores of head&neck coil and small coil 3D-FISP-FS sequence images, paired t test was used to compare SIRN, SIRD of the two groups, Chi-square test was used to compare of the displaying rate of the facial nerves and parotid ducts in two groups. Results Eighteen volunteers were successfully performed MRI scan of parotid gland. On 3D-FISP-FS sequence images, the parotid gland was showed slightly low signal intensity, muscle tissue was showed medium signal intensity, the vessels were showed slightly high or high signal, parotid segment of facial nerve was showed tortuous line-like high signal intensity, and parotid duct was showed curve high signal intensity, lymph nodes were showed kidney shaped, oval or spindle shaped high signal intensity structures. The subjective scores for head and neck coil and coil images were (2.0 ± 0.9) and (1.5 ± 0.7) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.714, P=0.007), image quality of small coil group was better than that of head and neck coil group. The SIRN of the two groups was 1.7±0.8 and 2.1± 1.2 respectively, and the SIRD was 1.8±0.7 and 2.5±1.7 respectively, which showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (t value was 2.978, 2.427 respectively, P value was 0.006, 0.031 respectively).All facial nerve trunks could be displayed by head and neck coil and small coil. On head and neck coil images, 25 sides of temporofacial truck, 15 sides of cervicofacial truck, 17 sides of temporofacial branches, 11 sides of cervicofacial branches, 16 sides of the parotid duct could be displayed. On small coil images, 30 sides of temporofacial truck, 28 sides of cervicofacial truck, 26 sides of temporofacial branches, 23 sides of cervicofacial branches, 27 sides of the parotid duct could be displayed, which showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Small surface coil performed better in parotid MR imaging with 3D-FISP-FS sequence than that of head and neck coil, which can simultaneous clearly display the trunk and branches of the intra-parotid facial nerves and parotid ducts.
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Objective To explore the imaging characteristics of different sizes of MR small surface coil.Methods A water phantom with NiSO4· 6H2O for Siemens was scanned with 4 cm,7 cm and 11 cm small surface coils in Siemens 3.0 T MR system.T1WI,T2WI,three dimensional reversed fast imaging with steady state precession with diffusion-weighted(3D-PSIF-DWI) and three dimensional fast imaging with steady state precession and fat suppression(3D-FISP-FS) images were obtained.The imaging area,signal intensity (SI),standard deviation (SD) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) variations of different depths (from the near to the distant) were measured and compared.Curves according to the SI and SNR data were draw.SI and SNR characteristics of images obtained by L11 separately and used together with spine matrix coil were compared by using signed rank sum test.Results The signal intensity of images scanned by 4 cm,7 cm small surface coil decreased gradually in the depth of 0.2 to 2.2 cm,maintain good signal uniformity in the depth of 2.2 to 4.2 cm,and the signal intensity obtained by 11 cm coil maintain good signal uniformity in the depth of 5.2 cm.The optimum imaging widths of 4 cm,7 cm and 11 cm coil were about 7.0,8.5 and 11.0 cm.As the diameter of the coil increased,the imaging width and depth increased,but the received noise also increased.The SNR gradually reduced from the center to the edge of the coils.The imaging area increased but the local SNR decreased when using L11 coil combine with spine matrix coil,which showed a statistically significant difference (Z=-2.354,P=0.019).Conclusions A suitable size of small surface coil should be chosen according to the location and size of the organ or lesion before clinical MR examination.Other coils should be turned off to improve the SNR.
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AscreeningmethodforcriticalaminoacidsinEpitopesusinganti-Epitopeantibodywasdeveloped. The amino acids' frequency of occurrence in Epitopes of shrimp antigen Pen a1 was calculated using MEGA5 software and their conservative property of tropomyosin in SDAP database bank was analyzed using DNAMAN software. Potential critical amino acids based on these two methods were identified, namely Epitope 1 ( K, E, N) , Epitope 2 ( K, L, E) , Epitope 3 ( E, R, D, L, Q) , Epitope 5 ( K, L, Q) . The mutated polypeptides corresponding to these Epitopes in which these critical amino acids were substituted with alanine were synthesized. The IgG binding ability of these mutants was analyzed by competitive immunodot-blot method and indirect ELISA using Epitope antibody to screen the critical amino acids. Experimental results showed that the critical amino acids of the four Epitopes were as follows: Epitope 1 ( Gln ) , Epitope 2 ( Leu and Glu ) , Epitope 3 ( Leu and Asp) , Epitope 5 ( Leu) . The feasibility of this screening method was proved and it also offered a theoretical foundation for research on sensitization mechanism of Pen a1 and desensitization using gene modification.
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Objective To study the feasibility of reducing radiation dose in aorto-iliac and lower extremity arteries CT angiography (CTA) with low tube voltage (100 kV) and automatic tube current modulation(ATCM).Methods Totally 61 patients requiting aorto-iliac and lower extremity arteries CTA for clinical reasons were prospectively enrolled in study.The patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups:Group A(120 kV),Group B (100 kV) and Group C (100 kV with automatic tube current modulation).Both quantitative and qualitative analysis were included in this research.Group C was divided into obese group(BMI≥ 24.9 kg/m2) and normal group(BMI ＜ 24.9 kg/m2).The radiation doses were analyzed respectively among two groups.Results The subjective evaluations of image quality for axial,MIP and VR were good.There were no significant differences among group A,B and C in SNR and CNR (P ＞0.05).The effective dose of group A,B and C was 8.20 mSv,5.36 mSv,and was 7.48 mSv,respectively Group B was 34.6％ less than group A.Group C was 39.5％ more than group B,and there was no significant differences between group A and C (P ＞ 0.05).The effective dose of group C1 was 7.11mSv,group C2 was 9.69 mSv,the E with group C1 were significantly less than group C2 (t =-3.163,P ＜0.05),the effective dose of group C1 was 13.3％ less than group A (Z =-2.822,P ＜ 0.05),but the group C2 was more than group A (P ＞ 0.05) and group B (Z =-3.426,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Lowkilovoltage (100 kV) CT scanning protocol is feasible in multi-detector CT angiography for aortoiliac and lower extremity arteries.Automatic low tube voltage (100 kV) with automatic tube current modulation (ATCM) scanning protocol can be used for someone with BMI less than 24.9 kg/m2.
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Objective To assess the feasibility of low-dose MDCT pulmonary angiography (MDCTPA) by using low kVp combined with individual-adapted low tube current protocol and noise reduction filter algorithms.Methods Fifty-six consecutively patients with MDCTPA were enrolled in the study.The patients were randomly divided into group A (120 kVp,100 mAs) and group B (100 kVp,individual-adapted tube current about 1.0 mAs/kg).Two series of images were reconstructed in group B:B1 with standard filter algorithms (FC13,B1) and B2 with noise reduction filter algorithms (FC11,B2).The image noise,quality and radiation dose in two groups were compared.Results The CTDIvol,DLP and E of group B were 5.1 mGy,83.3 mGy· cm and 1.4 mSv respectively,which were reduced by 64.3％,66.4％ and 66.7％,respectively (F =32.57,12.32,11.98,P ＜ 0.05) when compared with those in group A.Compared with group A,the image noise in B1 was increased by 118.2％ (t =10.05 P ＜0.05),the central and peripheral SNR and CNR and scores were increased by 51.5％,46.6％,50.8％,45.3％and 20.4％,respectively(t =7.20,6.30,6.58,5.54,8.35,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with B1,the image noise in B2 was reduced by 32.5％ (t =6.12,P ＜0.05),the central and peripheral SNR and CNR and scores were increased by 46.2％,46.2％,45.9％,46.9％ and 18.4％ (t =3.19,3.55,2.95,3.37,5.42,P ＜0.05).Compared with group A,the image noise in B2 group was increased by 47.3％ (t =4.03,P ＜0.05),the central and peripheral SNR and CNR and scores were reduced by 29.1％,21.8％,28.2％,19.6％ and 8.2％(t =4.06,2.82,3.68,2.22,3.02,P＜0.05).Conclusions Keeping effective diagnostic image quality,the protocol with low kVp and individual-adapted low tube current for low-dose MDCT pulmonary angiography would be effective and feasible,and the radiation dose would be significantly reduced.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the capacity and diagnostic value of various MRI seguences in patients with trigeminal neuralgia.Methods MR images of 60 patients with trigeminal neuralgia were analyzed retrospectively.The sensitivity,specificity and diagnostic value of various MRI sequences were evaluated comparing with clinical data and operation results.All patients were scanned with conventional sequences including SE-T1WI,T2WI,FLAIR of head.Among them,9 cases were injected with contrast agent,49 cases were scanned with 3D-TOF and 3D-TSE sequences on cerebellopontine angle additinally.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the 3D-TOF and 3D-TSE sequences were analyzed by using the x2 test.Results Six cases with tumor,3 cases with radiculitis and meningitis,1 case with multiple sclerosis and 1 case with pons infarction were diagnosed by conventional MR sequences.MRI of 49 cases with 3D-TOF and 3D-TSE showed neurovascular compress proved by operation.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of 3D-TOF and 3D-TSE were 95.3％ (41/43)vs.95.6％ (43/45),66.7％ (4/6)vs.50.0％(2/4) and 91.8％ (45/49)vs.91.8％ (45/49),and no significantly difference was found between the two sequences (x2 =0.13,0.19 and 0.17,P ＞0.5).ConclusionsMRI plays an important role in displaying the causes and diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia.The conventional head MR sequences should be recommended for diagnosis of secondary TN caused by tumor and inflammation et al,and further 3D-TOF and 3D-TSE with high sensitivity and accuracy should be applied in patients with primary TN to display the neurovascular relationship.
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@#ObjectiveTo explore the influence of cluster needling of scalp acupuncture combined with rehabilitation techniques on cognition dysfunction in patients with cerebral infarction.Methods60 patients with cerebral infarction following cognitive impairment were randomly divided into 3 groups: Group A (the cluster needling of scalp acupuncture), group B (cognition training) and group C (cluster needling of scalp acupuncture combined with cognition training). All groups received routine neuropathic treatment. All patients were assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) before and a month after treatment. The therapeutic effect was observed by change of P300 latency and solid contents of blood plasma cortisol a month after the treatment.ResultsThere was significant difference in the score of MMSE, P300 latency, and solid contents of blood plasma cortisol in 3 groups before and after the treatment(P<0.05). Compared to groups A and B, group C got a higher score of MMSE, shorter latency of P300 and lower solid contents of blood plasma cortisol (P＜0.01). ConclusionCluster needling of scalp acupuncture combined with cognition training may reduce solid contents of blood plasma cortisol and improve cognition function in patients with cerebral infarction.
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To improve the effectiveness of nurse-patient communication and build a harmonious nurse-patient relationship, a list of melodrama of the whole nursing process from admission to discharge was designed and demonstrated. This means of training by scenarios demonstration significantly enhanced nurses' awareness and skills of nurse-patient communication with high recognition.
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Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.
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Objective To explore the factors affecting compliance of patients with maintenance hemodialysis and to provide reference for the improvement of patients' compliance.Methods Ten patients with maintenance hemodialysis were individually interviewed in this study.The data were analyzed based on phenomenological method.Results Three factors were found,including feasibility of doctor's advice,characteristics of patients such as awareness of disease related knowledge,recognition todisease progression and usual behavioral pattern,as well as social factors such as economic status,life pressure,family support,professional supervision and guidance.Conclusion In order to enhance patients' compliance,it is suggested to improve thefeasibility of doctors' advice and health education,as well as pay close attention to the influence of patients' recognition,psychological status and social factors on the compliance.
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Objective: To establish the standard for the quality control of Dougenguanshitong granule.Methods: The TCL method was used to identify the Radix Ootoginseng and Dioscorea Bulbifera in the granule and the content of matrine in the granule was determined by the HPLC method.Results: The linear relationship of matrine was the range of 0.68-10.2?g(r=0.9997,n=6).The average recovery was 100.23% and RSD was 1.54%(n=6).Conclusion:The method is convenient,rapid,accurate and suitable for the quality control of Dougenguanshitong granule.
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Objective To construct a bait vector containing human glucocorticoid receptor(GR) ligand binding domain (LBD) in yeast two hybrid system in order to screen its cDNA library Methods PCR was used to amplify GR LBD fragment from the fetal liver cDNA library with the primers designed in accordance with the sequence in GenBank GR LBD The product was inserted into pGEM(r) T Vector Systems After verified with restriction endonuclease digestion of SmaⅠ/SalⅡ, the vector was inserted into the "bait plasmid" pGBKT7 (named as pGBKT7 GR LBD) After confirmation with restricted endonuclease digestion and sequence analysis, the plasmid was transformed into the yeast cell AH109, and the transformants were selected on SD/ Trp plates The interaction between GR and SRC 1 was tested by ? gal activity with yeast two hybrid system Results The amplified product of 893 bp was inserted into pGEM(r) T Vector and proven to be successful with double restriction enzyme digestion Sequence analysis revealed that the sequence was correctly inserted into pGBKT7 with a right reading frame AH109 [pGBKT7 GR LBD] grew on SD/ Trp plates, but not on the other selective media GR could interact with SRC 1 Conclusion The bait plasmid pGBKT7 GR LBD constructed expresses GR LBD correctly, and can't activate the transcription of reporter gene alone in yeast two hybrid system
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Objective To explore the fluorescent distribution, and the relation between fluorescent intensity and time after injecting rear-thigh muscles with DiI. Methods Sixty-five new born mice were equally and randomly divided into 13 groups. Fluorescent distribution and intensity were investigated at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 h, and 2, 4, 7, 14, 28 d and 2, 3 months after injecting the left posterior limb rear thigh muscles with 1.5 ?l 4 mg/ml DiI for one mouse. Results The labeling neurons were scattered from L2 level to S2 level and associated dorsal root ganglion (DRG), but the most were located at L4 to L6 section. The faint red fluorescence neurons were observed at dorsal root ganglion and cornu anterius medullae spinalis 6 h post-injection. The labeling neurons increased up to the 4th day. The fluorescent intensity enhanced gradually from 6 h to 24 h, then kept the intensity for 3 months. Conclusion It is a quick, precise, persistent method to trance and label the dorsal root ganglions sensory neuron and spinal motoneuron by injecting rear-thigh muscles with DiI, and the rate of labeling neurons can be improved by prolonging the tracing time properly. It is also provide basic data for clinical or experimental neuron label and location.
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Objective To observe the distribution of dopaminergic neurons in SNpc and to establish standard curve in normal mice so as to measure the changes of dopaminergic neurons in number in SNpc of the mice toxicated with MPTP. Methods Ten male C57BL6 mice aged 8-12 weeks, weight 20-22 g, were randomized to receive 20 mg/kg MPTP or physical saline every 3 h for 4 times, then killed 7 d later. The mouse mesocerebrum was taken out and fixed, frozen, sectioned. All sections containing SNpc were observed under the guide of mouse brain atlas. Every other sections were chosen to stain tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) to show dopaminergic neurons immunohistochemically. The TH positive cells in SNpc were counted in each section and the standard curve was established. Results The standard curve of SNpc compact part position and TH positive cells was established. By comparing the standard curves for the MPTP intoxicated mice and the saline mice, TH positive cells in SNpc from MPTP toxicated mice decreased significantly, which confirmed the validity and feasibility of the standard curve. Conclusion The establishment of standard curve greatly facilitates the comparison of specimen from different groups and makes the assessment of dopaminergic neuron loss more accurate and efficient. The standard curve can serve as an excellent reference curve for the assessment of dopaminergic neurons in SNpc in normal C57BL6 mice.
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Objective To observe the effects of different membrane proteins and dimethylsulfoxide on neurite outgrowth of cerebellum granule cells(CGC).Methods Membrane proteins were extracted from the liver,sciatic nerve and brain white matter of adult rats and coated on the cover slips.CGC were dissociated from newborn rats and inoculated on the coated cover slips,while dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO) was added into the CGC suspension.Results The neurite outgrowth was inhibited by membrane protein of brain white mater and the effect was concentration-dependent.Low concentration(
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Effective analgesia was induced by electro-acupuncture stimulating the "Zusanli"(足三里) point in the rats. The animal were sacrificed and as soon as possible and the median eminence were taken out from the brian. The specimens were fixed in glutaraldehyde, then were prepared for electron microscope observation.Twelve male adult rats were divided into control and experimental groups. There were many terminal enlargements in the fibrous zone of rat's median eminence. Different types of vesicles were found in the terminal buttons, they were round clear and flattened clear vesicles, and large or small vesicles with a dense core. There were also mixed forms, and irregular vesicles in the same button. Synapses may be axo-dendrits, axo-axon or axe-somatic synaptic types.The neurous in the fibrious zone could be classified into "light" and "dark" cells. The light cells might be the neurosecretory neurons. The neuroglia cells were oligodendrocytes and astrocytes.In acupuncture analgesia experimental group the terminal enlargment contained less number of round clear vesicles than that of the control group, and sometime they were empty. This may indicate the discharge of acetylcholine, to increase the secretion of the neurosecretory substance and enkephalin. But the flattened clear vesicles had no change in the terminal button. The neurons and neroglia also exhibited some morphological changes which may indicate the cells were in active functional state.