ABSTRACT
In order to avoid the intra- and post-operative risks caused by massive blood loss, there are various clinical methods for evaluating the blood supply of the tumor and the distribution of blood vessels around the tumor before surgery, such as dynamic enhanced CT, dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, digital subtraction angiography, etc. And there are a variety of pre- and intra-operative methods to reduce tumor bleeding, such as transarterial vertebral tumor embolization, percutaneous or transpedicular injection of Onyx/NBCA, antifibrinolytic drugs, controlled deliberate hypotension, etc. This article reviews on spinal tumor blood supply assessment and the methods to reduce the amount of surgical bleeding.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the pharmacokinetic effects of baicalin on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) after iv administration in rats.MethodsThe cerebral I/R rats were induced by occluding the bilateral carotid arteries of normal rats for 2 h,followed by reperfusion.The resultant animals were immediately iv administrated with baicalin (90 mg/kg),whilst the same dose of baicalin was injected to the normal rats.Plasma samples were collected at different time to construct pharmacokinetic profiles by plotting drug concentration vs time.Quantification of baicalin in rat plasma was achieved using a simple and rapid HPLC method.ResultsIn normal rats,the major parameters of distribution half-life,elimination half-life,area under the plasma concentration-time (AUC),apparent volume of distribution (Vd),and clearance (CL),estimated by an open two-compartmental model,were 0.8868 min,26.0968 min,149.6204 mg/min·L,4.765 L/kg,and 0.5776 L/kg·min),respectively.However,in I/R rats,the corresponding parameters were 2.084 min,34.4998 min,260.0188 μg.min/L,5.9376 L/kg,and 0.334 L/(kg·min),respectively.ConclusionThe cerebral I/R could significantly increase AUC and Vd values,decrease CL values,and prolong the terminal half-life of baicalin.These findings suggest that the injuries of I/R could play an important role in pharmacokinetic process ofbaicalin.