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Objective To optimize the process of ultrasonic extraction of polysaccharide in Anoectochilus roxburghii and to investigate the method of protein removal. Methods The extraction rate of polysaccharide was used as the detection index. On the basis of single factor investigation, Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface method were used to optimize the three factors of material-liquid ratio, ultrasonic time and ultrasonic extraction temperature. The five deproteinization methods including Sevage reagent method, TCA method, salt method (NaOH-CaCl2 and NaOH-NaCl) and hydrochloric acid method were investigated with the retention rate of polysaccharide and protein removal rate. Results The optimal extraction conditions of polysaccharide from Anoectochilus roxburghii were as follows: liquid-to-solid ratio was 10∶1, extraction temperature was 48 ℃ and extraction time was 36 min with extraction 2 times, ultrasonic power was 300 W, the extraction rate was 13.13%. NaOH-CaCl2 deproteinized methods∶ the loss rate of polysaccharide was 18.74%, and the removal rate of protein was 95.62%. Conclusion Ultrasonic extraction is easy to operate, and the optimized extraction method can achieve a high extraction rate. NaOH-CaCl2 deproteinization methods can get high protein removal rate and polysaccharide retention rate. This method is suitable for the research and development of the active components of the polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii.
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@#Transcriptome sequencing was performed for the first time on Anoectochilus roxburghii(AR)in different harvesting periods using RNA-seq high-throughput sequencing technique, and the results were verified and analyzed by Q-PCR and HPLC. A total of 51, 370 genes were obtained by transcriptome sequencing and annotated to the database of Nr, GO, Swiss-Prot, KEGG and KOG. The species that were sequenced according to the homology sequence were the same as AR monocotyledon plants. Through comparison of AR transcriptome in different periods, it was found that the differences were mainly in flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes. The expression levels of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes(trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase, chalcone synthase, flavonol synthase, shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase and flavonoid 3′, 5′-hydroxylase)were verified by Q-PCR, and the results were consistent with those of transcriptome sequencing. The contents of 6 flavonoids(rutin, isoquercitrin, narcissin, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnrtin)were determined by HPLC. The results showed that the expression of flavonoid synthetic gene in AR increased with the growth time, and the variation trend of flavonoid compound content and gene expression were basically consistent. Combined with transcriptome data, the biosynthetic pathway of flavonoid content in AR was plotted. This study provides important genetic resources for the key genes of flavonoid synthesis in AR and the biosynthesis of flavonoids, as well as the basis for the development of its medicinal value.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and security of Yishen huashi granules in the adjuvant treatment of chronic nephritis systematically,and to provide evidenced-based reference. METHODS:Retrieved from CBM,CJFD,Wanfang database,VIP,Medline,PubMed,EMBase and Cochrane library,randomized controlled trials(RCTs)about Yishen huashi gran-ules in the treatment of chronic nephritis were collected and related magazines were retrieved by hand. After selection and data ex-traction by 2 researchers independently,the quality of included literature was evaluated according to Jadad rating scale,and Me-ta-analysis was conducted by using Rev Man 5.3.5 software. RESULTS:A total of 8 RCTs were included,involving 1028 patients. Total response rate of trial group [RR=1.33,95%CI(1.24,1.42),P<0.001] was significantly higher than that of control group. 24 h urine protein quantity [MD=-0.32,95%CI(-0.40,-0.24),P<0.001],serum creatinine [MD=-22.38,95%CI(-23.37,-21.39),P<0.001],blood urea nitrogen [MD=-1.45,95%CI(-2.05,-0.84),P<0.001] were significantly lower than control group,with statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS:Based on routine treatment,Yishen huashi granules have good therapeutic ef-ficacy for chronic nephritis,can reduce 24 h urine protein and improve renal function.
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Objective To determine the clinical value of comcombined detection of serum FT 3 ,FT4 ,TSH ,TRAb ,TPOAb on outcome of women who have hyperthyroidism during pregnancy .Methods 100 patients with hyperthyroidism during pregnancy and 102 healthy pregnant women was selected in this research .Results The difference between the disease group and control group was statistically significant(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The combined detection of serum FT3 ,FT4 ,TSH ,TRAb ,TPOAb may have special impact on outcome of pregnant women .
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the complications after endorectal pull-through radical operation, Soave procedure, for Hirschsprung disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 286 cases with Hirschsprung disease who received Soave procedure and were proved by postoperative pathology in our hospital from February 2003 to February 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients were diagnosed with barium enema and anorectal manometry. Among them, 233 cases(81.5%) were identified during neonatal period. All the patients underwent cleansing enema and anus dilation immediately after definite diagnosis. Radical operation with Soave endorectal pull-through procedure, including simple transanal endorectal pull-through in 251 cases(87.8%), transabdominal approach in 17 cases (5.9%), laparoscopy-assisted endorectal pull-through in 18 cases (6.3%). The operations were performed in 54 cases (18.9%) within 3 months of age, in 183 cases (64.1%) between 3 and 6 months, in 38 cases(13.3%) between 6 months and one year, in 10 cases (3.5%) older than 1 year. The rectosigmoid was resected in 259 cases. Subtotal colectomy was performed in 25 cases, and total colectomy in 2 cases. Postoperative regular anal dilation lasted for 6 months. A total of 286 cases (male:250, female:36) were followed up for 2 to 5 years.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was wound infection in 1 case, ileus in 1 cases, anastomotic stricture in 1 case, which was cured by continuous anal dilation. Two cases had constipation and received re-operation because of refractory to conservative therapy for 6 months. Perianal erosion was found in 63 cases(22.0%) and was healed within 3 months, except 2 children undergoing total colectomy. During follow-up, enterocolitis occurred in 11 cases(3.8%), including healing in 8 cases with conservative therapy, death in 1 case, and recurrent attacks in 2 cases. Soiling occurred in 45 cases(15.7%), among them, 5 cases presented in kindergarten and primary school. Morbidities of perianal erosion, enterocolitis and soiling were higher in infants undergoing operation within 3 months as compared to those more than 3 months [90.7%(49/63) vs. 6.0%(14/63), P=0.000; 9.3%(5/54) vs. 2.6%(6/232), P=0.022; 25.9%(14/54) vs. 13.4%(31/232), P=0.022]. Morbidity of perianal erosion enterocolitis was higher in infants undergoing subtotal or total colectomy as compared to those partial colon resection[51.9%(14/27) vs. 18.9%(49/259), P=0.000; 18.5%(5/27) vs. 2.3%(6/259), P=0.000].</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Primary transanal endorental pull-through procedure can be performed in most children with Hirschsprung disease. Postoperative short-term complications are mainly perianal erosion and long-term ones are enterocolitis and soiling. Early diagnosis, colon irrigation, avoiding premature operation and anal dilation can decrease the morbidities of enterocolitis and soiling.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Anastomosis, Surgical , Colectomy , Colon, Sigmoid , Constipation , Enema , Hirschsprung Disease , Laparoscopy , Perineum , Postoperative Complications , Postoperative Period , Rectum , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
This study was aimed to identify and distinguish Metacordyceps liangshanensis recorded by the Sichuan Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Standard from its adulterants and its relative species by combining ITS and COI barcode sequences in order to study the feasibility of this new method. After extracting DNA of 28 species of Cordyceps samples, DNA were amplified and sequenced. And then, ITS and COI sequences were received. Codon-Code Aligner V3.7.1 and Mega 5.0 were used to analyze the variable site and construct the N-J tree. The results showed that the minimum ITS inter-specific K-2P distance was relatively higher than the maximum intra-specific K-2P distance. The inter-specific sequence divergence between M. liangshanensis and its adulterants exhibited high while intra-specific sequence divergence exhibited low. And COI one was the same case. N-J tree of both ITS and COI indicated that same genus belonged together and each species belonged to relatively independent branch. It was concluded that based on the ITS and COI gene, the technology of DNA barcode can be an excellent identification of M. liangshanensis, its adulterants and its relative species. It provided technical support for the further research on species molecular identification and phylogenetics of Cordyceps .
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Objective To explore the causes and treatment of the complications after laparoscopic surgery in neonate and infants.Methods From January 2003 to June 2007,totally 287 neonates and infants received laparoscopic surgeries in our hospital, 10 of them developed postoperative complications.Results The complications included 7 cases of gastric mucosa rupture during pyloric resection,1 case of delayed rupture of the pylorus,1 case of intestinal malrotation complicated with duodenal stenosis,and 1 case of incisional hernia.The former 9 cases were cured by open surgery,and the last one recovered spontaneously in 4 months. Conclusions Mucosarupture caused by pyloric resection is the most common complication after laparoscopic surgery in neonates and infants,open surgery should be performed in such a situation.Delayed rupture of the bowel after laparoscopic surgery can be potentially fatal,and should be treated as soon as possible.Intestinal malrotation may lead to a high rate of malformation,which can be avoided by early diagnosis and treatment.
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Objective To explore the feasibility of tw o- port laparoscopy in the treatment of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Methods A total of 21 infants with confirmatively diagnosed con genital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis were given a two-port laparoscopic pylorom yotomy. The procedure was performed using two trocars: a 5 mm trocar at the lowe r border of the umbilical ring was placed for the insertion of camera, and a 3 m m trocar was introduced below the costal margin at the midclavicular line to pas s the hook electrode and curved forceps. Results No conversion s to open surgery were required. The operation time was 23~65 min (mean, 31.3 mi n). The patients were discharged from hospital at 4~6 postoperative days. No com plications occurred. Follow-up for 2~7 months (mean, 3.2 months) showed a norma l development in all the 21 patients. Conclusions Two-port lap aroscopic treameat for congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in infants is ef fective.
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Objective To investigate the value of lapa ro scopic surgery in the diagnosis and treatment of bile duct diseases in newborns and infants. Methods Clinical records of 9 newborns or infants with bile duct diseases diagnosed and treated under laparoscope from January 20 03 to August 2004 in this hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Resul ts Laparoscopic exploration in the 9 cases found 2 cases of congenital choledochal cyst, 5 cases of biliary atresia, 1 case of cholestasis, and 1 case of congenital bile duct hypoplasia. Cholangiography was successfully performed i n 8 cases. Two patients with choledochal cyst received an excision of the cyst a nd Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy. Among the 5 patients with biliary atresia, he patic porto-enterostomy was performed via open approach in 3 patients and via la paroscopic approach in 1, and surgery was refused in 1 patient. Open hepatic por to-enterostomy was also used in the patient with bile duct hypoplasia. The patie nt with cholestasis underwent a biliary tract irrigation. Conclusions Laparoscopy is simple and reliable in the diagnosis of bile duct disease s in newborns and infants. For the treatment of bile duct diseases, laparoscopic techniques have advantages of minimal invasion, good cosmetic results, less blo od loss, quick recovery, and reliable clinical effects.