ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the cell-surface-expressed nucleolin and investigate its tumor suppressing effect on the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To detect cell-surface-expressed nucleolin in the hepatocellular carcinoma cells by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. To down-regulate the nucleolin expression level in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by RNA interference. The tumor-suppressing effect of cell-surface nucleolin on hepatocellular carcinoma cells was assessed by MTT and transwell chamber assays.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nucleolin was expressed in the nuclei, cytoplasm and on the cell surface of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. ShRNA markedly decreased the nucleolin expression level in the cytoplasm and on the cell surface (P < 0.01), but the nuclear nucleolin remained unchanged. After downregulation of cell-surface nucleolin, MTT assays showed that the cell growth rate of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in the shRNA interference group was significantly inhibited as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01). The transwell chamber assay showed that the mean transmembrane cell number in the shRNA interference group was significantly lower than that in the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results of this study show that downregulation of cell-surface nucleolin expression inhibits the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Membrane , Metabolism , Cell Movement , Cell Nucleus , Metabolism , Cell Proliferation , Cytoplasm , Metabolism , Down-Regulation , Liver Neoplasms , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Phosphoproteins , Metabolism , RNA Interference , RNA, Small Interfering , Pharmacology , RNA-Binding Proteins , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the genetic aberrations of ocular extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type occurring in patients from southern China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty seven paraffin-embedded ocular MALT lymphoma specimens from patients in southern China were studied by interphase fluorescence-in-situ hybridization (FISH) for genetic aberrations including t(11;18)(q21;q21)/API2-MALT1, t(1;14)(p22;q32)/IgH-bcl-10, t(14;18) (q32;q21)/IgH-MALT1 and bcl-6/FOXP1 gene translocations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Amongst the 57 cases studied, 9 cases (15.8%) showed chromosome translocations, including 4 cases (7.0%) of t(11;18)(q21;q21)/API2-MALT1, 1 case (1.8%) of t(14;18) (q32;q21)/IgH-MALT1, 1 case (1.8%) of bcl-6 gene-related chromosome translocation and 3 cases (5.3%) of IgH-unknown translocation partner. FISH revealed 17 cases (29.8%) with 3 copies of bcl-6 gene, 21 cases (36.8%) with 3 copies of MALT1 gene and 12 cases (21.1%) with 3 copies of both genes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The MALT lymphoma-associated chromosome translocations t(11;18)(q21;q21)/API2-MALT1 and t(14;18) (q32;q21)/IgH-MALT1 are demonstrated in ocular MALT lymphomas of southern Chinese patients. The prevalence is significantly different from that reported in northern Chinese and northern American patients, indicating a geographic heterogeneity in the MALT lymphoma-associated genetic aberrations. The presence of 3 copies of bcl-6 and MALT1 genes is the commonest genetic abnormalities observed in ocular MALT lymphomas, suggesting a possible role in MALT lymphomagenesis.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Caspases , Genetics , Metabolism , China , Chromosome Aberrations , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 , Genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 , Genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 , Genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 , Genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Eye Neoplasms , Genetics , Metabolism , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone , Genetics , Metabolism , Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Translocation 1 Protein , Neoplasm Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 , Translocation, Genetic , TrisomyABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The existence of neurogenesis in the hippocampus of adult nonhuman primates has been confirmed in recent years, however, the biological properties of adult neural stem cells or neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from this region remain to be extensively explored. The present work was to investigate on the expansion of NSCs/NPCs from the hippocampus of adult cynomolgus monkeys and the examination of their characteristics in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>NPCs isolated from the hippocampus of adult cynomolgus monkeys were expanded in vitro in serum-free media containing growth factors, and were then allowed to differentiate by removing mitotic factors. The expansion capacity of NPCs and their differentiation potential were assayed by immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During primary culture, NPCs underwent cell division, proliferation and aggregation to form neurospheres that were growing in suspension. Without mitotic stimulation, most neurospheres adhered to the culture dish and started to differentiate. Eventually, nearly 12% of the differentiated cells expressed neuron specific marker-beta III-tubulin (Tuj1) and 84% expressed astrocyte specific marker-fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In addition, the expression of a neural stem cell marker, nestin, was found both in NPCs and in the subgranular zone of adult monkey hippocampus, where NPCs were originally derived.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>NPCs from the hippocampus of adult cynomolgus monkeys can be expanded to some extent in vitro and are capable of differentiating into neurons and astrocytes. Further experiments to promote the in vitro proliferation capacity of NPCs will be required before adult NPCs can be used as a useful cell model for studying adult neurogenesis and cell replacement therapy using adult stem cells.</p>