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The increasing incidence of obesity and diabetes has made diabetic kidney disease （DKD） the main cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Despite current pharmacological interventions for blood glucose control and renin-angiotensin system inhibition， the risk of kidney disease progression and complications remains high. At present， the pathogenesis of DKD has been clarified to be related to chronic inflammatory response， oxidative stress， glucose and lipid metabolism disorders， and hemodynamic abnormalities. According to recent studies， the programmed cell deaths （PCD） of renal intrinsic cells such as pyroptosis and necroptosis play a key role in the occurrence and development of DKD. Pyroptosis and necroptosis， the two newly discovered routes of PCD， can protect the hosts from being invaded by microbial pathogens， but their dysregulation is associated with multiple autoimmunity and autoinflammatory responses. Pyroptosis and necroptosis are closely interlinked and cross-regulated. Different from apoptosis， these two cellular suicide mechanisms cause membrane rupture and release of cell contents through their respective gasdermin D （GSDMD） and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein （MLKL）， with damage-associated molecular patterns （DAMPs） and inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1β （IL-1β） involved to trigger inflammation， and chronic inflammatory responses are key factors leading to the progression of DKD. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has long been employed for the prevention and treatment of DKD and the resulting clinical outcomes are remarkable. TCM has been proved to exert a protective effect against DKD by affecting the expression of nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome， receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 （RIPK3）， and MLKL. This paper reviewed the relationship of pyroptosis and necroptosis with DKD and its intervention with TCM.
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ObjectiveTo study the effect and mechanism of Wuwei Xiaoduyin in treating rat renal mesangial cells （HBZY-1） induced by lipopolysaccharide （LPS） through the nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway. MethodRat HBZY-1 cells were randomly assigned into the normal group， model group， benazepril （50 μmol·L-1） group， and high- and low-dose （2.75 and 0.69 g·kg-1） Wuwei Xiaoduyin groups. The normal group， model group， and benazepril group were treated with 10% normal rat serum， and the Wuwei Xiaoduyin groups with 10% medicated serum. Except the normal group， the other four groups were treated with LPS （100 ng·mL-1） for modeling in vitro. The changes of cell morphology were observed under optical microscope. The expression of NF-κB p65 was detected by immunofluorescence （IF） method. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） colorimetry was employed to detect cytotoxicity and cell proliferation. The levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1）， laminin （LN）， and fibronectin （FN） in cell supernatant were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA levels of IL-1β， FN， and NF-κB p65 were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The protein levels of phosphorylated inhibitor of NF-κB kinase β （p-IKKβ）， phosphorylated NF-κB inhibitor （p-IκBα）， and NF-κB p65 were determined by Western blot. ResultCompared with the normal group， the modeling increased cell proliferation （P<0.01）， elevated the levels of IL-1β， ICAM-1， LN， and FN in cell supernatant （P<0.01）， and up-regulated the mRNA levels of IL-1β， FN， and NF-κB p65 （P<0.01） and the protein levels of p-IKKβ， p-IκBα， and NF-κB p65 （P<0.01）. Such changes were recovered by benazepril and Wuwei Xiaoduyin （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionWuwei Xiaoduyin can mitigate the inflammatory injury of renal mesangial cells induced by LPS by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to explore the short-term clinical efficacy and factors influencing low-dose superficial X-ray for treating infantile maxillofacial hemangioma.@*METHODS@#Retrospective analysis was conducted on 161 cases of infants with maxillofacial hemangioma treated with superficial X-ray in the Laser Center of Dermatology Department of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017. Clinical efficacy was analyzed by comparing the photos before and after treatment. Patients were further divided into groups according to different genders, age at the start of treatment, preterm birth or low birth weight, hemangioma site, longest diameter of hemangioma, and type of hemangioma to analyze whether differences existed in clinical efficacy and therapeutic dose between different groups.@*RESULTS@#Twelve months after the end of treatment, the overall cure rate was 93.8%, and the significant efficiency was 97.5%. The clinical efficacy was related to the age of children at the beginning of treatment and the type of hemangioma (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Low-dose superficial X-ray is safe and effective for the treatment of infantile maxillofacial hemangioma. Age and type of hemangioma at the time of treatment are the factors influencing therapeutic dose and clinical efficacy.
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Child , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Hemangioma , Premature Birth , Retrospective Studies , Skin Neoplasms , Treatment Outcome , X-RaysABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is always associated with abnormalities in renal microvascular perfusion (RMP). However, few imaging methods can simultaneously evaluate the degree of luminal stenosis and RMP. Thus, this study will aim to evaluate the feasibility of using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for assessing both RAS and RMP to achieve a one-stop assessment of patients with suspected renovascular hypertension.@*METHODS@#This will be a single-center diagnostic study with a sample size of 440. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and suspected of having resistant hypertension will be eligible. Patients with Stages 1-3 CKD will undergo CEUS and computed tomography (CT) angiography (CTA). Values obtained by CEUS and CTA for diagnosing low-grade (lumen reduced by <60%) and high-grade (lumen reduced by ≥60%) RAS will be compared. Moreover, all patients will also undergo radionuclide imaging. The diagnostic value for RAS will be assessed by the receiver operating characteristic curve, including the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, negative predictive values, and area under the ROC. Pearson correlation analysis will be performed to assess the association between CEUS findings for RMP and glomerular filtration rate measured by a radionuclide imaging method.@*CONCLUSION@#The data gathered from this study will be used to evaluate the feasibility of expanding clinical applications of CEUS for evaluation of patients with suspected renovascular hypertension.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800016252; https://www.chictr.org.cn.
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Humans , Contrast Media , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Physiology , Hypertension, Renovascular , ROC Curve , Renal Artery , Renal Artery ObstructionABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical constituents of the whole herbs of Sargassum fusiforme. Methods: The chemical constituents from S. fusiforme were separated and purified by silica gel, MCI, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatographies, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by analysis of NMR, MS, ORD, etc, and comparing physicochemical properties of compounds with references. Results: A total of 19 compounds were obtained from the 50% ethanol-H2O extract of S. fusiforme, and their structures were determined as lupenone (1), bauerenone (2), β-amyrenone (3), α-amyrenone (4), loliolide (5), isololiolide (6), (3S,5R,6S,7E)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (7), (R)-dehydrovomifoliol (8), 24-ethylcholesta-4,24 (28)-dien-3-one (9), fucosterol (10), 29-hydroperoxystigmasta-5,24 (28)-dien-3β-ol (11), 24-hydroperoxy-24-vinylcholesterol (12), saringosterol (13), (24R)-5,28-stigmastadiene-3β,24-diol-7-one (14), dihydroquercetin (15), aurantiamide acetate (16), dibutyl phthalate (17), glycerol monopalmitate (18), and methyl hexadecanoate (19). Conclusion: The compounds isolated from S. fusiforme were mainly identified as triterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, highly oxidized sterols, alkaloids and so on. Compounds 1-4, 7-8 and 14-19 are isolated from S. fusiforme for the first time.
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The number of adults seeking orthodontic treatment is increasing. Shortening the course of orthodontic treatment has become a research hotspot in recent years. Methods of accelerating tooth movement have been reported. Theoretical and clinical studies have confirmed that periodontal corticotomy is effective in accelerating tooth movement and increasing osteogenic potential. Many surgical techniques of periodontal corticotomy have been developed. This review summarizes the history of periodontal corticotomy and the development of the surgical techniques in recent years, thereby providing references for the clinical application of corticotomy.
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Objective To investigate the immunosup-pressive activity of benzoxazole derivative PO-291 in inhibiting human activated T cell proliferation and function. Methods Human T cells were isolated and purified by the immunomagnetic microbeads and acti-vated by anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAbs or alloantigen. Cell proliferation, the expression of CD25 and CD69, cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cytome-try. Secretion levels, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and IFN-γ were determined by ELISA. The expression and phosphorylation of STAT5 and p70S6K of activated T cells were detected by Western blot. Re-sults PO-291 significantly inhibited human T cell proliferation with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAbs or alloan-tigen stimulation without obvious cytotoxicity. PO-291 did not affect CD25, CD69 and IL-2 expression, but induced T cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. PO-291 significantly inhibited IL-17, IFN-γ and IL-6 expres-sion, but not IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10. PO-291 did not affect STAT5 and p70S6K expression, but inhibited STAT5 phosphorylation and enhanced p70S6K phos-phorylation. Conclusions PO-291 inhibits human ac-tivated T cell proliferation by affecting the JAK3/STAT5 pathway. PO-291 represents a potential lead compound for the design and development of new im-munosuppressive drugs for the treatment of organ trans-plantation and autoimmune diseases.
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Study on the standardization of Chinese materia medica is an important action for modernization and globalization for traditional Chinese medicine. Standardization on the processing of Chinese herbal pieces is an important part in the study on standardization of Chinese materia medica, so it is of great significance to establish the technical processing standards of Angelicae Sinensis Radix pieces for improving its quality. In this study, single factor experiment was designed to optimize the softening, cutting and drying processes of Angelicae Sinensis Radix. With ferulic acid, Angelicae Sinensis Radix polysaccharide, volatile oil and extracts (water and ethanol) content as the quality index, the effects of different softening, cutting and drying processes on the contents of the five components in Angelicae Sinensis Radix were analyzed, and the normalized distance evaluation method was used to analyze the experimental data. The results showed that the content of five components in Angelicae Sinensis Radix was affected by different softening methods and drying temperature, but the thickness of slice had little effect on the content. The best preparation process for Angelicae Sinensis Radix was as follows: Non-medicinal parts were removed; mildewed and rot as well as moth-eaten parts were removed; washed by the flowing drinking water; stacked in the drug pool; moistening method was used for softening, where 125 mL water was sprayed for every 1 kg of herbs every 2.5 h; upper part of herbs covered with clean and moist cotton, and cut into thin slices (1-2 mm) after 15 h moistening until appropriate softness, with disk thickness of 1-2 cm, then received blast drying for 6 h at 55 ℃, and turned over for 2 times during the drying.
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Notopterol, isoimperatorin, volatile oil and extract （water and ethanol) were used as the research objects in this study to investigate the effects of different softening method, slice thickness and drying methods on the quality of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix slices, and the experimental data were analyzed by homogeneous distance evaluation method. The results showed that different softening, cutting and drying processes could affect the content of five components in Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix incisum. The best processing technology of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix slices was as follows: non-medicinal parts were removed; mildewed and rot as well as moth-eaten parts were removed; washed by the flowing drinking water; stacked in the drug pool; moistening method was used for softening, where 1/8 volume of water was sprayed for every 1 kg of herbs every 2 h; upper part of herbs covered with clean and moist cotton, and cut into thick slices (2-4 mm) after 12 h moistening until appropriate softness, then received blast drying for 4 h at 50 ℃, and turned over for 2 times during the drying. The process is practical and provides the experimental basis for the standardization of the processing of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, with great significance to improve the quality of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix slices.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compared the differentiation capacity of rat adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into endothelial cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rat BMSCs and ASCs were isolated, cultured and identified for cell surface markers using flow cytometry. The cell growth curves were drawn by CCK-8 assay, and the cells in active growth were induced for endothelial differentiation following standard protocols. On day 21 of induction, the cells were examined for mRNA expressions of endothelial cell specific markers CD31, KDR, and vWF using qPCR. Immunostaining was performed to observe the expression of CD31 on the cells. The induced cells were also tested for Dil-labeled acetylated low-density lipoprotein (ac-LDL) uptake ability. The tube-forming ability of the induced cells was verified on Matrigel.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We successfully isolated rat ASCs and BMSCs. Morphologically, ASCs were similar with BMSCs, both having long spindle-shaped and fibroblast-like morphology. Flow cytometry showed that both BMSCs and ASCs had high expressions of mesenchymal markers CD29 and CD90 and a low expression of hematopoietic cell surface markers CD45. CCK-8 assay showed that ASCs proliferated more quickly than BMSCs. The cells with induced endothelial differentiation exhibited increased levels of CD31, KDR, and vWF mRNA expressions and immunofluorescent staining identified CD31 antigen expression on the cell membrane. Fluorescence microscopy revealed red fluorescence in the induced cells suggesting uptake of Dil-Ac-LDL by the cells. The induced cells were capable of forming tube on Matrigel, confirming their identity of endothelial cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both rat BMSCs and ASCs can be induced to differentiate into endothelial cells, but ASCs differentiate more quickly into endothelial cells and possess a stronger proliferation ability, suggesting its greater potential than BMSCs in future applications.</p>
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>A positive association between the ABO blood types and survival has been suggested in several malignancies. The aim of this study was to assess the role of the ABO blood types in predicting the prognosis of Chinese patients with curatively resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed 1601 consecutive Chinese patients who underwent curative surgery for NSCLC between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2009. The relationship between the ABO blood types and survival was investigated. In addition, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Group 1 (patients with the blood type O or B) had significantly prolonged overall survival (OS) compared with group 2 (patients with the blood type A or AB), with a median OS of 74.9 months versus 61.5 months [hazard ratio (HR) 0.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72-0.96; P = 0.015]. Additionally, group 1 had significantly longer disease-free survival (DFS; HR 0.86; 95% CI 0.76-0.98; P = 0.022) and locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS; HR 0.79; 95% CI 0.64-0.98; P = 0.024) than group 2. The association was not significantly modified by other risk factors for NSCLC, including smoking status, pathologic tumor-node-metastasis stage, pT category, pN category, and chemotherapy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There is an association between the ABO blood types and the survival of Chinese patients with resected NSCLC. Patients with the blood type O or B had significantly prolonged OS, DFS, and LRFS compared with those with the blood type A or AB.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , ABO Blood-Group System , Asian People , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Disease-Free Survival , Multivariate Analysis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct a subtractive cDNA library of genes transactivated by PS1TP1 protein with suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Suppression subtractive hybridization technique and bioinformatics technique were used, the mRNA from HepG2 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1 (-) -PS1TP1 and pcDNA3. 1 (-) empty vector was isolated, respectively; cDNA underwent two times of nested PCR, amplified cDNA fragments were subcloned into pGEM-Teasy vectors to set up the subtractive library.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The subtractive library of genes transactivated by PS1TP1 was constructed successfully. Sequence analysis was performed in 43 clones randomly, and the full length sequences were obtained with bioinformatics method and searched for homologous DNA sequence from GenBank, altogether 12 coding sequences were gotten, which consisted of 10 known and 2 unknown ones.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The obtained sequences may be target genes transactivated by PS1TP1 protein among which some genes coding proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, metabolism, immunity and cell apoptosis. This finding brought some clues for studying the biological functions of PS1T1.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis B , Genetics , Nucleic Acid Hybridization , Methods , Transcriptional Activation , Genetics , Viral Proteins , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prognostic effect of mediastinal lymph node dissection in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 330 patients with stage I NSCLC who were treated with curative resection from January 1994 to December 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. According to the extent of mediastinal lymph node dissection and the pathology report, the patients were assigned to lung resection combined with mediastinal lymph node dissection (LND) group or with lymph node sampling (LNS) group. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. COX proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 233 (70.6%) male patients and 97 (29.4%) female patients. The median age was 60 years old. Ninety-eight patients were in stage IA and 233 in stage IB. One hundred and forty patents were in group LND and 190 in group LNS. The mean number of removed lymph nodes in group LND and group LNS were (13.3 +/- 4.7) and (5.2 +/- 3.0) (P < 0.01), respectively. The mean of mediastinal lymph node station sampled in group LND and group LNS were (3.7 +/- 0.9) and (1.3 +/- 1.1) (P < 0.01), respectively. The 5-year and 10-year survival rates of patients in group LND were 72.0% and 66.1%, while in group LNS were 65.9% and 43.0% (P < 0.05), respectively. Other prognostic factors included symptom, staging, visceral pleura invasion and tumor size. LND was disclosed as a favourable prognostic factor at COX multivariate analysis, together with absence of symptom at diagnosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As compared with LNS, LND can improve survival in stage I NSCLC.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Pathology , General Surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Lung Neoplasms , Pathology , General Surgery , Lymph Node Excision , Methods , Mediastinum , Pathology , General Surgery , Pneumonectomy , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the potential reconsideration of curative operative treatment for patients with unresectable stage IIIA (N2) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Jan. 1999 to Dec. 2002, 76 patients with unresectable stage IIIA (N2) NSCLC were entered in this study. They had all been proved by chest CT, chest film and fiberobronchoscopy. Twenty-one (27.6%) patients were examined by mediastinoscopy. All the patients received two cycles of chemotherapy with NVB (25 mg/m(2), D1, D5) and carboplatin (300 mg/m(2), D1). All the patients were staged again three weeks after induction chemotherapy. Sixty-four patients who achieved partial response (PR) or complete response (CR) were allowed to undergo surgery. Twelve patients who did not responde to chemotherapy received radiotherapy instead. Of the 64 surgically treated patients, 56 (84.7%) had a complete resection and then received 2 cycles of chemotherapy using the same regime, 8 patients had an incomplete resection and then received radiotherapy for the residual tumor.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median survival for these 76 patients with unresectable stage IIIA (N2) NSCLC treated by either surgery or radiation after induction chemotherapy was 18.6 months with 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rate of 64.2%, 39.4% and 25.6%, respectively. The median survival for the 56 patients with a complete resection was 28.2 months with 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rate of 70.4%, 52.5% and 38.6%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Preoperative induction chemotherapy with NVB plus carboplatin should be seriously considered for the patients with unresectable stage IIIA (N2) NSCLC, It is suggested that, whenever possible, surgery should be taken as the first choice for the patients who show down-staged benefits that complete resection can be attempted.</p>