ABSTRACT
Objectives: to evaluate patients of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases [COPD] by spirometry in adult rural population of Karachi
Patients and methods: 53 patients of COPD were subjected to spirometry when they presented with dyspnea in Emergency / Out Patient Department of Fatima hospital. Forced Vital Capacity [FVC], Forced Expiratory Volume in first second [FEY 1] , Peak expiratory flow rate [PEFR] and Percentage ratio [FEY 1 /FVC] were recorded. The variables were compared with control group comprising healthy individuals
Results: 25 out of 53 patients were female between the ages of 16-70 years with mean age 46.24 +/- 5.56 and 28 males between the ages of 16-70 years with mean age 39.5+/- 5:43 were included in the study. FVC ranged between 0.61 to 3.0L with mean 1.80+/- 0.84 SD in patients and 1.85 to 5.67L with mean 3.22 +/- 1.03 SD in control group [p<0.05]. FEVl ranged between 0.4L to 3.82L with mean 1.22:t0.75SD in patients and 1.81L to 4.03L with mean 2.85+/- 0.65SD in control group [p<0.5]. PEFR ranged between 0.55 L/min with mean 2.99+/- 0,81SD in control group [p<0.01]. FEV1/FVC ranged between 23 to 98% with mean 66+/- 18.0lSD in patients and 70 to 99% with mean 88+/- 9.70SD in control group
Conclusion: pulmonary function testing is a useful objective parameter in the evaluation and progress of COPD patients
ABSTRACT
Cones in the retina arc responsible for color vision. Colour vision defects [CVD] can be congenital and acquired. Congenital color vision deficiencies are often ignored clinically. It has serious implications in daily life as well as on occupations especially in the medical field. Early detection of this problem can help people in choosing occupations. The present study aims to find the prevalence of CVD in medical students at the start of their career to help them in specialties. A total of 787 medical students were made to read the Ishihara charts in normal daylight. Those who made more than three mistakes in reading from plate's no. 10 to 17 were identified as colour vision deficient [red green deficiency]. Those subjects who were unable to read any of the plates correctly were labeled as total colour blinds. The subjects suffering from red green deficiency were 1.59%. The medical students suffering from total colour blindness were 0.53%. It is suggested that population screening for colour vision defects [CVD] in schools and medical universities should be carried to help medical practitioners in clinical practice
ABSTRACT
A prospective study of stroke patients with diabetes was carried to determine the outcome of stroke. All the patients with stroke admitted were included and risk factors, such as, hypertention, smoking, obesity, hypercholestraemia and heart diseases were investigated. The study was conducted at Liaquat Medical College, City Hospital, Hyderabad over a period of eight month. 50 stroke patients, male and female, with all known diabetics were included. Blood Glucose, CT scan, Urine DR, ECG, Serum Electrolytes, Blood Urea, Serum Creatinine, Serum Cholesterol, were determined. During stay of patients in hospital, 16 patients showed complete recovery, 14 patients expired, 14 had residual defect and 6 patients were handicapped. Recovery from stroke was slow, with high morbidity and mortality with 28%