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2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 119: e230181, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534931

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND In Brazil, transmission of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis has expanded geographically over the last decades, with both clinical forms occurring simultaneously in the same area. OBJECTIVES This study characterised the clinical, spatial, and temporal distribution, and performed entomological surveillance and natural infection analysis of a leishmaniasis-endemic area. METHODS In order to characterise the risk of leishmaniasis transmission in Altos, Piauí, we described the clinical and socio-demographic variables and the spatial and temporal distribution of cases of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) and American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) cases and identified potential phlebotomine vectors. FINDINGS The urban area concentrated almost 54% of ACL and 86.8% of AVL cases. The temporal and spatial distribution of AVL and ACL cases in Altos show a reduction in the number of risk areas, but the presence of permanent disease transmission foci is observed especially in the urban area. 3,808 phlebotomine specimens were captured, with Lutzomyia longipalpis as the most frequent species (98.45%). Of the 35 females assessed for natural infection, one specimen of Lu. longipalpis tested positive for the presence of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis DNA. MAIN CONCLUSION Our results indicate the presence of risk areas for ACL and AVL in the municipality of Altos and highlight the importance of entomological surveillance to further understand a possible role of Lu. longipalpis in ACL transmission.

3.
Rev. bras. med. esporte ; 30: e2021_0327, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441313

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Pilates method (PM) combines slow-deep breathing with strengthening and stretching exercises. However, it has been proposed as a method of physical conditioning for several decades and only recently aroused academic/scientific interest, with few reports of the effects of this intervention in hypertensive patients. Objective: to compare PM to aerobic training (AT) effects on hypertensive subjects' blood pressure (BP), functional capacity and autonomic balance. Methods: Twenty-four hypertensive subjects were randomly allocated into two groups: ATG performed three 40 min sessions/week, moderate intensity (40-70% of reserve HR), and PMG performed two 60 min sessions/week; both during the same eight weeks period. Blood pressure (casual and for 24 hours), 6-minute walking test (6-MWT) and autonomic balance were evaluated before and after intervention. Results: There was a reduction on systolic BP (SBP, p=0.007), diastolic (p=0.032) and mean blood pressure (MBP, p=0.016), measured on 24h, on PMG. There was also a 24h SBP reduction on ATG (p=0.021). The PMG had a greater reduction on 24h SBP (-3.4 mmHg, 95% CI -6.6 to -0.2) and MBP (-3.3 mmHg, 95% CI -6.3 to -0.3) than the ATG. ATG held a longer distance in 6-MWT. Casual BP and autonomic balance had no difference. Conclusion: This PM protocol was superior to AT on BP monitored for 24 hours in hypertensive subjects, but AT was better for functional capacity. The eight weeks of training were not enough to change the autonomic balance. Level of Evidence: I; High-quality randomized clinical trial with or without statistically significant difference, but with narrow confidence intervals.


RESUMEN Introducción: el método Pilates (MP) combina la respiración lenta-profunda con ejercicios de fortalecimiento y estiramiento. Aunque se ha propuesto como un método de acondicionamiento físico durante varias décadas, solo recientemente despertó interés académico/científico, con pocos reportes de los efectos de esta intervención en pacientes hipertensos. Objetivo: comparar los efectos del MP con el entrenamiento aeróbico (EA) sobre la presión arterial (PA), la capacidad funcional y el equilibrio autónomo en sujetos hipertensos. Métodos: Veinticuatro sujetos hipertensos fueron asignados aleatoriamente en dos grupos: GEA realizó tres sesiones de 40 min/semana, intensidad moderada (40-70% de la FC de reserva), y GMP realizó dos sesiones de 60 min/semana; ambos durante el mismo período de 8 semanas. La presión arterial (casual y durante 24 horas), la prueba de marcha de 6 minutos y el equilibrio autonómico se evaluaron antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: Hubo una reducción de la PA sistólica (PAS, p = 0,007), diastólica (p = 0,032) y presión arterial media (PAM, p = 0,016), medida a las 24 h, en GMP. También hubo una reducción de PAS en 24 h en GEA (p = 0,021). El GMP tuvo una mayor reducción en la PAS de 24 h (-3,4 mmHg, CI del 95%: -6,6 a -0,2) y la PAM (-3,3 mmHg, CI del 95%: -6,3 a -0,3) que la GEA. GEA mantuvo una mayor distancia en la prueba de marcha de 6 minutos. La PA casual y el equilibrio autónomo no tuvieron diferencias. Conclusión: Este protocolo de MP fue superior al EA en la PA monitoreada durante 24 horas en sujetos hipertensos, pero el EA fue mejor para la capacidad funcional. Las ocho semanas de entrenamiento no fueron suficientes para cambiar el equilibrio autonómico. Nivel de Evidencia: I; Estudio clínico aleatorizado de alta calidad con o sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa, pero con intervalos de confianza estrechos.


RESUMO Introdução: O método Pilates (MP) combina respiração lenta e profunda com exercícios de fortalecimento e alongamento. Embora tenha sido proposto como método de condicionamento físico por várias décadas, só recentemente despertou-se o interesse acadêmico/científico, com poucos relatos dos efeitos dessa intervenção em hipertensos. Objetivos: comparar os efeitos do MP com o treinamento aeróbio (TA) sobre a pressão arterial (PA), capacidade funcional e equilíbrio autonômico em hipertensos. Métodos: Vinte e quatro hipertensos foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos: O grupo GTA realizou três sessões de 40 min/semana, intensidade moderada (40-70% da FC de reserva), e o grupo GMP, que realizou duas sessões de 60 min/semana; ambos durante o mesmo período de 8 semanas. A pressão arterial (casual e após 24 horas), o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6) e o equilíbrio autonômico foram avaliados antes e depois da intervenção. Resultados: Houve redução da PA sistólica (PAS, p = 0,007), diastólica (p = 0,032) e da pressão arterial média (PAM, p = 0,016), medida em 24h, sem GMP. Também houve redução da PAS em 24h no GTA (p = 0,021). O GMP teve uma redução maior em 24h PAS (-3,4 mmHg, IC 95% -6,6 a -0,2) e PAM (-3,3 mmHg, IC 95% -6,3 a -0,3) do que o GTA. O GTA manteve uma maior distância no TC6. A PA casual e o equilíbrio autonômico não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas. Conclusão: Este protocolo de MP foi superior ao TA na PA monitorada por 24 horas em hipertensos, porém o TA foi superior para a capacidade funcional. As oito semanas de treinamento não foram suficientes para alterar o equilíbrio autonômico. Nível de Evidência: 1; Estudo clínico randomizado de alta qualidade com ou sem diferença estatisticamente significativa, mas com intervalos de confiança estreitos.

4.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 45(6): 506-517, Nov.-Dec. 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534002

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To present evidence-based guidelines for clinical practice regarding religiosity and spirituality in mental health care in Brazil. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify potentially eligible articles indexed in the PubMed, PsycINFO, SciELO, LILACS, and Cochrane databases. A summary of recommendations and their levels of evidence was produced in accordance with Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine guidelines. Results: The systematic review identified 6,609 articles, 41 of which satisfied all inclusion criteria. Taking a spiritual history was found to be an essential part of a compassionate and culturally sensitive approach to care. It represents a way of obtaining relevant information about the patient's religiosity/spirituality, potential conflicts that could impact treatment adherence, and improve patient satisfaction. Consistent evidence shows that reported perceptual experiences are unreliable for differentiating between anomalous experiences and psychopathology. Negative symptoms, cognitive and behavioral disorganization, and functional impairment are more helpful for distinguishing pathological and non-pathological anomalous experiences. Conclusion: Considering the importance of religiosity/spirituality for many patients, a spiritual history should be routinely included in mental health care. Anomalous experiences are highly prevalent, requiring a sensitive and evidence-based approach to differential diagnosis.

6.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 45(4): 373-378, Aug. 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1513823

ABSTRACT

In higher education, reasonable accommodations are increasingly made for students with a wide range of disabilities. However, rigorous assessment is paramount to ensure these students are supported while preventing ineligible students from gaining unfair advantages. In this context, we sought to identify under which circumstances a university student should be allowed academic accommodation for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to outline an evidence-based policy for use in Brazil based on the global experience. We reviewed the literature to acquire information on what documents are commonly required by disability services before accommodations for ADHD are provided (including detection of malingering) and scrutinized the eligibility criteria of leading universities worldwide. Finally, renowned experts in the field and national stakeholders were consulted. Despite an exhaustive search, we found no international standard for the assessment of students with ADHD who request academic accommodation; even renowned institutions worldwide differ in their approaches to granting accommodations on the grounds of ADHD. Therefore, we propose a unified set of nationwide criteria for Brazilian universities, which could be generalized internationally. Higher education institutions in Brazil and beyond may benefit from adoption of such criteria.

8.
J. Health NPEPS ; 8(1): e11159, jan - jun, 2023.
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1513025

ABSTRACT

Objective: to present the radiographic clinical follow-up of the prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with an atrophic mandible, with the installation of short implants associated with an implant of regular length. Method: case report of a completely edentulous patient with an atrophic mandible and a 6-year radiographic clinical follow-up conducted at the dental clinic of the Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, from February 2011 to January 2020. After collecting sociodemographic data, health records, clinical radiographic examinations, and prosthetic surgical planning, four dental implants were installed between the mental foramina. After three months, mini-conical abutments and a fixed prosthesis screwed onto the implants were installed and monitored every six months for a period of six years. Results: the clinical evaluation revealed tissue stability without significant peri-implant changes after the follow-up period. Radiographically, bone resorption was not observed around the implant. Stability of the prosthesis and absence of prosthetic complications were observed during the follow-up period. Conclusion: short implants associated with regular-length implants can be placed in the anterior region of an atrophic mandible for rehabilitation with fixed complete dentures.


Objetivo: apresentar o acompanhamento clínico radiográfico da reabilitação protética de um paciente com mandíbula atrófica com a instalação de implantes curtos associados a um implante de comprimento regular. Método: relato de caso de uma paciente desdentada total com mandíbula atrófica, e acompanhamento clínico radiográfico de seis anos, realizado na clínica odontológica da Universidade Federal de Piauí, Teresina, no período de fevereiro de 2011 a janeiro de 2020. Após coleta de dados sociodemográficos e registro de saúde, exames clínicos radiográficos e planejamento cirúrgico protético, foram instalados quatro implantes dentários entre os forames mentonianos. Após o período de três meses foram instalados mini pilares cônicos e uma prótese fixa aparafusada sobre os implantes que foi acompanhada a cada seis meses por um período de seis anos. Resultados: as avaliações clínicas mostraram estabilidade tecidual sem alterações peri-implantares significativas após o período de acompanhamento. Radiograficamente foi observada a manutenção sem reabsorção óssea ao redor dos implantes. A estabilidade da prótese e a ausência de complicações protéticas foram observadas clinicamente durante o período de acompanhamento. Conclusão: os implantes curtos associados a implante de comprimento regular podem ser colocados na região anterior da mandíbula atrófica para reabilitação com prótese total fixa.


Subject(s)
Prostheses and Implants , Dental Implants , Mouth Rehabilitation
9.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 28(7): 2119-2133, jul. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1447855

ABSTRACT

Resumo Os estudos de tendência sobre a via de nascimento no Brasil têm revelado um cenário de sucessivos aumentos lineares nas proporções de cesariana. Entretanto, a possibilidade de mudanças na evolução temporal da via cirúrgica não tem sido considerada. Dessa forma, objetivou-se verificar possíveis pontos de inflexão na proporção de cesarianas no Brasil, macrorregiões e unidades federativas, bem como estimar suas projeções para o ano de 2030. Utilizou-se a série temporal com as cesarianas notificadas no Departamento de Informática do SUS no período de 1994 a 2019. Foram utilizados modelos autorregressivos integrados de médias móveis e de regressão joinpoint para obtenção de projeções e de tendências das proporções de cesariana, respectivamente. As proporções de cesarianas apresentaram tendência significativa de aumento ao longo dos 26 anos de estudo em todos os níveis de agregação. Por outro lado, quando se considera a formação de segmentos, observa-se tendência de estabilização no país e nas regiões Sul e Centro-Oeste, a partir de 2012. Norte e Nordeste apresentaram tendência de aumento e o Sudeste, de queda significativa. Projeções indicam que no ano de 2030, 57,4% dos nascimentos no país ocorrerão por via cirúrgica e que nas regiões Sudeste e Sul, serão observadas proporções superiores a 70%.


Abstract Trend studies on the model of birth in Brazil show a scenario of successive linear increases in cesarean rates. However, they ignore possible changes in the temporal evolution of this delivery modality. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate possible inflection points in cesarean rates in Brazil, its macro-regions, and federated units, as well as to estimate projections for 2030. A time series with information on cesarean sections from 1994 to 2019 from the SUS Department of Informatics was used. Autoregressive integrated moving average and joinpoint regression models were used to obtain cesarean rate projections and trends, respectively. Caesarean rates showed a significant upward trend over the 26 study years at all levels of aggregation. On the other hand, when considering the formation of segments, a stabilization trend was observed both in the country and in the South and Midwest regions, starting in 2012. Rates tended to increase in North and Northeast and significantly decrease in Southeast. Projections show that in 2030, 57.4% of births in Brazil will be cesarean, with rates higher than 70% in Southeast and South regions.

11.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; 69(2): 240-245, Feb. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1422625

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the degree of urbanization influences the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Brazilian indigenous people. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted between 2016 and 2017 in northeastern Brazil and includes individuals aged between 30 and 70 years from two specific indigenous groups who volunteered to participate in the study: the Fulni-ô people (lowest degree of urbanization) and the Truká group (greater degree of urbanization). Cultural and geographical parameters were used to characterize and measure the magnitude of urbanization. We excluded individuals with known cardiovascular disease or renal failure who required hemodialysis. Chronic kidney disease was defined as a single measurement of an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine equation. RESULTS: A total of 184 indigenous people from the Fulni-ô group and 96 from the Truká group with a median age of 46 years (interquartile range: 15.2) were included. We found a chronic kidney disease rate of 4.3% in the total indigenous population, generally affecting an older population: 41.7% over 60 years old (p<0.001). The Truká people had a chronic kidney disease prevalence of 6.2%, with no differences in kidney dysfunction across age groups. The Fulni-ô participants had a chronic kidney disease prevalence of 3.3%, with a higher proportion of kidney dysfunction in older participants (of the six Fulni-ô indigenous people with chronic kidney disease, five were older). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a higher degree of urbanization seems to negatively influence the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Brazilian indigenous people.

12.
Rev. adm. pública (Online) ; 57(1): 0-160, jan.-fev. 2023. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431418

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este artigo pretende analisar experiências de empreendedorismo sustentável na comunidade rural José Gomes, Nordeste do Brasil, e promover uma reflexão sobre a relevância das políticas de desenvolvimento local na construção de projetos coletivos regionais. Este estudo caracteriza-se como exploratório e descritivo na abordagem qualitativa. Para tanto, foram utilizados técnicas rapport, entrevistas semiestruturadas (82 moradores), observação direta e diário de campo, além de pesquisas bibliográficas. A pesquisa abordou as políticas de desenvolvimento local como mecanismos de avanço e melhoria na qualidade de vida, na organização econômica e na conservação do meio ambiente, que devem ser incorporadas ao planejamento municipal e às ações do poder público. Os resultados apontaram potencialidades socioprodutivas e limitações estruturais e infraestruturais que esgotam as possibilidades de difusão do empreendedorismo sustentável e a consolidação do desenvolvimento local.


Resumen Este artículo pretende analizar experiencias de emprendimiento sostenible en la comunidad rural José Gomes, Nordeste de Brasil, y promover una reflexión sobre la relevancia de las políticas de desarrollo local en la construcción de proyectos colectivos regionales. Se utilizaron técnicas de rapport, entrevistas semiestructuradas (82 residentes), observación directa y diario de campo, además de la investigación bibliográfica. Las políticas de desarrollo local se entendieron como mecanismos para el avance y mejoramiento de la calidad de vida, la organización económica y la conservación del medio ambiente que deben incorporarse a la planificación municipal y a las acciones del poder público. Los resultados apuntaron potencialidades socioproductivas y limitaciones estructurales e infraestructurales que agotan las posibilidades de difundir el emprendimiento sostenible y consolidar el desarrollo local.


Abstract This article analyzes experiences of sustainable entrepreneurship in the José Gomes rural community in Northeast Brazil, reflecting on the relevance of local development policies in the construction of local collective projects. This qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study adopted rapport techniques, semi-structured interviews (82 dwellers), direct observation, field diary, and bibliographic research. Local development policies were understood as mechanisms for advances and improvements in the quality of life, economic organization, and environmental conservation, which must be incorporated into municipal planning and governmental actions. The results pointed to socio-productive potentials and structural and infrastructural limitations, which hamper the possibilities of spreading sustainable entrepreneurship and consolidating local development.


Subject(s)
Environment , Local Development , Sustainable Development
13.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 28(2): 421-435, fev. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421165

ABSTRACT

Resumo O presente estudo compara tendências temporais de óbitos por violências contra crianças e adolescentes e analisa diferenças em ocorrências tipificadas ou não como crimes. Foram analisados dados do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade e da Secretaria de Segurança Pública do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil, de 2014-2020. Crianças e adolescentes foram definidos respectivamente como pessoas com 0-11 e 12-17 anos. Tipos de violências foram organizados segundo grupos, subgrupos e tipos penais do Código Penal Brasileiro. Foram contabilizados 1.326 óbitos e 8.187 ocorrências, mais frequentes na adolescência. Subtração de incapazes (p < 0,001), abandono de incapaz (p = 0,045) e estupro de vulnerável (p = 0,003) predominaram na infância. Homicídios (p < 0,001), crimes contra a liberdade individual (p = 0,004), crimes contra a liberdade sexual (p < 0,001) e violência psicológica (p = 0,034) foram mais frequentes na adolescência. Violência doméstica com lesão corporal predominou no sexo feminino (p < 0,001). Lesões corporais graves (p = 0,002), homicídios (p < 0,001) e constrangimento ilegal (p < 0,001) vitimizaram mais adolescentes do sexo masculino. Houve diferenças temporais em óbitos e ocorrências de violências contra crianças e adolescentes, assim como em características de violências tipificadas ou não como crimes.


Abstract This study compares temporal trends in violent deaths of children and adolescents and analyzes differences in incidents of violence classified and not classified as a crime. We analyzed data from the Mortality Information System and State of Maranhão Public Security Department for the period 2014 to 2020. Child and adolescent were defined as aged 0-11 and 12-17 years old, respectively. Types of violence were organized according to the groups, subgroups, and types of crimes set out in Brazil's penal code. A total of 1,326 deaths and 8,187 incidents of violence were reported, both of which were more frequent in adolescents. The most frequent types of violence in children and adolescentes, respectively, were: abduction of incapable persons (p < 0.001), abandonment of incapable persons (p = 0.045), rape of vulnerable persons (p = 0.003); homicides (p < 0.001), crimes against individual freedom (p = 0.004), crimes against sexual freedom (p < 0.001), psychological violence (p = 0.034). Domestic violence with bodily harm was more frequent in girls (p < 0.001), while severe bodily harm (p=0.002), homicide (p < 0.001), and harassment (p < 0.001) were more frequent in boys. The findings reveal differences over time in deaths and incidents of violence classified and not classified as crime among both children and adolescents.

14.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 45(1): 54-61, Jan.-Feb. 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420546

ABSTRACT

Crisis hotlines are direct communication systems, usually telephone-based, set up to prevent suicide. However, few studies have evaluated their effectiveness. The present study aims to perform a systematic review, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, of the effectiveness of interventions through direct communication systems to reduce the number of suicides or suicide attempts. We searched the MEDLINE, Cochrane, SciELO, and ClinicaTrials.gov databases, and used the 2011 Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence classification. The literature search yielded 267 studies, of which 35 fulfilled the selection criteria. Although significant heterogeneity was found among studies, there is evidence that direct telephone interventions are effective when included in broader preventive protocols and provided by trained staff. Despite the limitations, which included heterogeneity of samples, designs, and outcome measures, we were able to design a protocol for the use of remote services to prevent suicide and suicide attempts. A hotline or similar system could be an effective intervention for broader suicide prevention programs. However, further research is necessary to specify which protocol components are key to enhance effectiveness. Systematic review registry number: PROSPERO CRD42020206517

15.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e222817, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1431127

ABSTRACT

No decorrer da história, sempre foram infindáveis os casos em que os sujeitos recorriam a centros espíritas ou terreiros de religiões de matrizes africanas em decorrência de problemas como doenças, desempregos ou amores mal resolvidos, com o objetivo de saná-los. Por conta disso, este artigo visa apresentar os resultados da pesquisa relacionados ao objetivo de mapear os processos de cuidado em saúde ofertados em três terreiros de umbanda de uma cidade do litoral piauiense. Para isso, utilizamos o referencial da Análise Institucional "no papel". Os participantes foram três líderes de terreiros e os respectivos praticantes/consulentes dos seus estabelecimentos religiosos. Identificamos perspectivas de cuidado que se contrapunham às racionalidades biomédicas, positivistas e cartesianas, e faziam referência ao uso de plantas medicinais, ao recebimento de rezas e passes e à consulta oracular. A partir desses resultados, podemos perceber ser cada vez mais necessário, portanto, que os povos de terreiros protagonizem a construção, implementação e avaliação das políticas públicas que lhe sejam específicas.(AU)


In history, there have always been endless cases of people turning to spiritual centers or terreiros of religions of African matrices due to problems such as illnesses, unemployment, or unresolved love affairs. Therefore, this article aims to present the research results related to the objective of mapping the health care processes offered in three Umbanda terreiros of a city on the Piauí Coast. For this, we use the Institutional Analysis reference "on Paper." The participants were three leaders of terreiros and the respective practitioners/consultants of their religious establishments. We identified perspectives of care that contrasted with biomedical, positivist, and Cartesian rationalities and referred to the use of medicinal plants, the prescript of prayers and passes, and oracular consultation. From these results, we can see that it is increasingly necessary, therefore, that the peoples of the terreiros lead the construction, implementation, and evaluation of public policies that are specific to them.(AU)


A lo largo de la historia, siempre hubo casos en los cuales las personas buscan en los centros espíritas o terreros de religiones africanas la cura para sus problemas, como enfermedades, desempleo o amoríos mal resueltos. Por este motivo, este artículo pretende presentar los resultados de la investigación con el objetivo de mapear los procesos de cuidado en salud ofrecidos en tres terreros de umbanda de una ciudad del litoral de Piauí (Brasil). Para ello, se utiliza el referencial del Análisis Institucional "en el Papel". Los participantes fueron tres líderes de terreros y los respectivos practicantes / consultivos de los establecimientos religiosos que los mismos conducían. Se identificaron perspectivas de cuidado que se contraponían a las racionalidades biomédicas, positivistas y cartesianas, y hacían referencia al uso de plantas medicinales, al recibimiento de rezos y pases y a la consulta oracular. Los resultados permiten concluir que es cada vez más necesario que los pueblos de terreros sean agentes protagónicos de la construcción, implementación y evaluación de las políticas públicas destinadas específicamente para ellos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Religion , Medicine, African Traditional , Evidence-Based Practice , Pastoral Care , Permissiveness , Prejudice , Psychology , Rationalization , Religion and Medicine , Self Care , Social Adjustment , Social Class , Social Identification , Social Values , Societies , Socioeconomic Factors , Spiritualism , Stereotyping , Taboo , Therapeutics , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Black or African American , Complementary Therapies , Ethnicity , Ceremonial Behavior , Homeopathic Philosophy , Lachnanthes tinctoria , Health-Disease Process , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Efficacy , Coercion , Comprehensive Health Care , Knowledge , Life , Culture , Africa , Mind-Body Therapies , Spiritual Therapies , Faith Healing , Spirituality , Dancing , Dehumanization , Vulnerable Populations , Biodiversity , Racial Groups , Humanization of Assistance , User Embracement , Population Studies in Public Health , Ethnology , Emotional Intelligence , Horticultural Therapy , Social Stigma , Ageism , Racism , Ethnic Violence , Enslavement , Social Norms , Teas, Herbal , Folklore , Cultural Rights , Ethnocentrism , Freedom , Solidarity , Psychological Distress , Empowerment , Social Inclusion , Freedom of Religion , Citizenship , Quilombola Communities , African-American Traditional Medicine , African People , Traditional Medicine Practitioners , History , Human Rights , Individuality , Leisure Activities , Life Style , Magic , Mental Healing , Anthropology , Anthroposophy , Minority Groups , Morale , Music , Mysticism , Mythology , Occultism
16.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 21: eAO0375, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520844

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective Published studies have shown associations between anti-ribosomal P (anti-P) antibody and systemic lupus erythematosus with hepatic manifestations. This has been reported also in autoimmune hepatitis. However, the consistency of the latter association remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of anti-P antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis using two different immunoassays. Methods One-hundred and seventy-seven patients with autoimmune hepatitis were screened, and 142 were analyzed for anti-P antibody positivity. The samples were first analyzed using two different immunoassays: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and chemiluminescence and then compared with a group of 60 patients with systemic lupus erythematous. The positive samples were subjected to western blot analysis. Results Anti-P was found in 5/142 autoimmune hepatitis cases (3.5%) by chemiluminescence and in none by ELISA. Among the five chemiluminescence-positive autoimmune hepatitis samples, on anti-P western blot analysis one was negative, two were weakly positive, and two were positive. In contrast, anti-P was detected in 10/60 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (16.7%) and presented higher chemiluminescence units than the autoimmune hepatitis samples. Conclusion A low frequency of anti-P antibodies was observed in autoimmune hepatitis, suggesting that this test is not useful for the diagnosis or management of this disease.

17.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 57: 60, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1515544

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between modifiable behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases and sleep parameters in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that used data from the RPS Cohort Consortium, São Luís, Brazil for the follow-up of adolescents aged 18-19 years (n = 2,515). The outcomes were excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale - ESS) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - PSQI). The exposures of interest were the behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs): screen time, physical inactivity, alcohol, smoking, illicit drugs, caffeine intake, and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Excess weight was considered a possible mediator of this association between the exposures of interest and the outcomes. The models were analyzed by modeling with structural equations. RESULTS Physical inactivity (standardized coefficient, SC = 0.112; p = 0.001), higher consumption of alcohol (SC = 0.168; p = 0.019) and of sugar-sweetened beverages (SC = 0.128; p < 0.001) were associated with excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents; better socioeconomic status was also associated with this outcome (SC = 0.128; p < 0.001). Physical inactivity (SC = 0.147; p < 0.001) and higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SC = 0.089; p = 0.003) were also associated with poor sleep quality. Overweight was neither a mediator nor associated with sleep quality or excessive daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS The main modifiable behavioral risk factors for NCDs are associated with worse sleep parameters already in adolescence, which serves as a warning toward the accumulation of risks for sleep disorders in the future.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a associação entre fatores de risco comportamentais modificáveis para doenças não transmissíveis e parâmetros do sono em adolescentes brasileiros. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal que utilizou dados do Consórcio de Coortes RPS, São Luís, Brasil para o seguimento de adolescentes de 18-19 anos (n = 2.515). Os desfechos foram a sonolência diurna excessiva (Escala de Sonolência de Epworth - ESE) e a qualidade do sono (Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh - IQSP). As exposições de interesse foram os fatores de risco comportamentais para doenças não transmissíveis (DNT): tempo de tela, inatividade física, álcool, cigarro, drogas ilícitas, consumo de cafeína, consumo de bebidas adoçadas com açúcar. O excesso de peso foi considerado um possível mediador dessa associação entre as exposições de interesse e os desfechos. Os modelos foram analisados por modelagem com equações estruturais. RESULTADOS A inatividade física (Coeficiente padronizado, CP = 0,112; p = 0,001), maior consumo de álcool (CP = 0,168; p = 0,019) e de bebidas adoçadas com açúcar (CP = 0,128; p < 0,001) foram associados a sonolência diurna excessiva nos adolescentes; a melhor situação socioeconômica também foi associada a este desfecho (CP = 0,128; p < 0,001). A inatividade física (CP = 0,147; p < 0,001) e o maior consumo de bebidas adoçadas com açúcar (CP = 0,089; p = 0,003) também se associaram com a qualidade do sono ruim. O excesso de peso não foi mediador e nem associado à qualidade do sono ou à sonolência diurna excessiva. CONCLUSÕES Os principais fatores de risco comportamentais modificáveis para DNT estão associados a piores parâmetros do sono já na adolescência; alertando para um quadro de acúmulos de riscos para distúrbios de sono no futuro.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Sleep , Alcohol Drinking , Adolescent Health , Sedentary Behavior , Sleepiness , Sugar-Sweetened Beverages
18.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 57: 64, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1515531

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of depressive symptoms in childhood on the intellectual development of young adults. METHODS Study conducted with a birth cohort of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, composed of 339 participants evaluated between 7 and 9 years and between 18 and 19 years. Structural equation modeling (young adult education, sex, race/color) and childhood variables (nutritional status, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, head of household's and mother's education, family income) were used. In addition, head of household's occupation, mother's age, and presence of partner were tested as determinants of adults' intelligence quotient (IQ). RESULTS Presence of depressive symptoms in childhood triggered a reduction of 0.342 in standard deviation (SD) and -3.83 points in the average IQ of adults (p-value < 0.001). Cognitive function in childhood had a total and direct positive effect (standardized coefficient [SC] = 0.701; p-value < 0.001) on IQ, increasing 7.84 points with each increase in level. A positive indirect effect of child nutritional status (SC = 0.194; p-value = 0.045), head of household's (SC = 0.162; p-value = 0.036), and mother's education was identified, the latter mediated by cognitive function in childhood (SC = 0.215; p-value = 0.012) on the IQ of young people. CONCLUSION Presence of depressive symptoms in childhood triggered a long-term negative effect on intelligence, reducing the IQ score in adulthood.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Investigar os efeitos dos sintomas depressivos na infância no desenvolvimento intelectual do adulto jovem. MÉTODOS Estudo realizado com uma coorte de nascimentos de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil, composta por 339 participantes avaliados entre 7 e 9 anos e entre 18 e 19 anos. Utilizou-se modelagem de equações estruturais (escolaridade do adulto jovem, sexo, raça/cor) e variáveis da infância (estado nutricional, sintomas depressivos, função cognitiva, escolaridade do chefe da família e da mãe, renda familiar). Além disso, ocupação do chefe da família, idade da mãe e presença de companheiro foram testadas como determinantes do quociente de inteligência (QI) dos adultos. RESULTADOS A presença de sintomas depressivos na infância gerou redução de 0,342 no desvio-padrão (DP) e -3,83 pontos no QI médio dos adultos (valor de p < 0,001). A função cognitiva na infância apresentou efeito total e direto positivo (coeficiente padronizado [CP] = 0,701; valor de p < 0,001) sobre o QI, elevando 7,84 pontos a cada aumento do nível. Identificou-se efeito indireto positivo do estado nutricional infantil (CP = 0,194; valor de p = 0,045), escolaridade do chefe da família (CP = 0,162; valor de p = 0,036) e da mãe da criança, este último mediado pela função cognitiva na infância (CP = 0,215; valor de p = 0,012) sobre o QI dos jovens. CONCLUSÃO A presença de sintomas depressivos na infância gerou efeito negativo de longo prazo sobre a inteligência, reduzindo a pontuação do QI na idade adulta.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Cognition , Adult , Depression , Intelligence
19.
Rev. Nutr. (Online) ; 36: e220019, 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521587

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To validate a food frequency questionnaire used to assess food consumption among adults in a Brazilian cohort. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted on 100 adults. Food intake was assessed by the food frequency questionnaire and by two 24-hour recalls. Validation was performed for nutrients (n=19) and food groups (n=21). Results: Moderate deattenuated Pearson's correlation coefficients (>0.4) were observed for the consumption of dairy products, breads and crackers, rice, pasta and tubers, leafy vegetables, other vegetables, fats, sweetened drinks, sandwiches and savory snacks, and nuts, and for the following nutrients (deattenuated and adjusted for energy intake): fiber, calcium, and vitamins A, B2, and C. Based on almost all food groups and nutrients assessed, ≥70% of the individuals were classified into the same or adjacent quartile for both methods, except for red and pork meat, snacks, nuts, phosphorus, potassium, and vitamin B3. The food groups and nutrients with fair kappa agreement (>0.2) were: dairy products, other vegetables, sweetened drinks, breakfast cereals, energy, carbohydrate, iron, and vitamin A. Conclusion: The food frequency questionnaire has proven useful for estimating the intake of some nutrients and food groups of the subjects evaluated. Only the intake of red and pork meat, snacks, nuts, vitamin B3, phosphorus and potassium were estimated with less accuracy.


RESUMO Objetivo: Validar um questionário de frequência alimentar para avaliar o consumo alimentar de adultos em uma coorte brasileira. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 100 adultos. A ingestão alimentar foi avaliada pelo questionário de frequência alimentar e por dois recordatórios de 24 horas. A validação foi realizada para nutrientes (n=19) e grupos de alimentos (n=21). Resultados: Coeficientes de correlação de Pearson deatenuados moderados (>0,4) foram observados para o consumo de laticínios, pães e biscoitos, arroz, macarrão e tubérculos, vegetais folhosos, outros vegetais, gorduras, bebidas adoçadas, sanduíches e salgadinhos, e nozes, e para os seguintes nutrientes (deatenuados e ajustados para ingestão de energia): fibra, cálcio e vitaminas A, B2 e C. Com base em quase todos os grupos de alimentos e nutrientes avaliados, ≥70% dos indivíduos foram classificados no mesmo quartil ou quartil adjacente para ambos os métodos, exceto para carnes vermelhas e suínas, salgadinhos, nozes, fósforo, potássio e vitamina B3. Os grupos de alimentos e nutrientes com concordância kappa justa (>0,2) foram: laticínios, outras verduras, bebidas açucaradas, cereais matinais, energia, carboidratos, ferro e vitamina A. Conclusão: O questionário de frequência alimentar mostrou-se útil para estimar a ingestão de alguns nutrientes e grupos de alimentos dos sujeitos avaliados. Apenas o consumo de carnes vermelhas e suínas, salgadinhos, nozes, vitamina B3, fósforo e potássio foi estimado com menor precisão.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Surveys and Questionnaires , Eating , Adult
20.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e241608, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1448958

ABSTRACT

O distanciamento social ocasionado pela pandemia de Covid-19 levou a profundas mudanças na rotina das famílias com crianças pequenas, aumentando o estresse no ambiente doméstico. Este estudo analisou a experiência de planejamento e implementação de um projeto de extensão universitária que ofereceu orientação a pais com filhos de 0 a 11 anos por meio de chamadas de áudio durante a pandemia. O protocolo de atendimento foi desenvolvido para atender às necessidades de famílias de baixa renda e listava problemas específicos relacionados ao confinamento em casa e ao fechamento das escolas seguidos por uma variedade de estratégias de enfrentamento. A análise de 223 queixas relatadas pelos usuários em 130 ligações revelou que 94% dos problemas referidos pelos pais foram contemplados pelo protocolo de atendimento e estavam relacionados aos problemas externalizantes (39%) ou internalizantes (26%) das crianças ou ao declínio do bem-estar subjetivo dos pais (29%). Serviços de apoio devem orientar os pais quanto ao uso de práticas responsivas e assertivas que promovam o bem-estar emocional da criança e estabeleçam expectativas comportamentais em contextos estressantes. A diminuição dos conflitos entre pais e filhos resultante do uso dessas estratégias tende a reduzir o sofrimento dos pais, aumentando sua sensação de bem-estar subjetivo. Recomenda-se ampla divulgação dessas iniciativas e seguimento dos casos.(AU)


The social distancing the COVID-19 pandemic entailed has led to profound changes in the routine of families with young children, increasing stress in the home environment. This study analyzed the experience of planning and implementing a university extension program that offered support to parents with children from 0 to 11 years old via audio calls during the COVID-19 pandemic. The service protocol was developed to meet the needs of low-income families and listed specific problems related to home confinement and school closure followed by a variety of coping strategies. The analysis of 223 complaints reported by users in 130 calls revealed that 94% of the problems reported by parents were addressed by the protocol and were related to children's externalizing (39%) or internalizing (26%) problems or to the decline in parents' subjective well-being (29%). Support services should guide parents on the use of responsive and assertive practices that promote the child's emotional well-being and set behavioral expectations in stressful contexts. The reduction in conflicts between parents and children resulting from the use of these strategies tends to reduce parents' suffering, increasing their sense of subjective well-being. Wide dissemination of these initiatives and case follow-up are recommended.(AU)


La distancia social causada por la pandemia de COVID-19 condujo a cambios profundos en la rutina de las familias con niños pequeños, aumentando el estrés en el entorno del hogar. Este estudio analizó la experiencia de planificar e implementar un proyecto de extensión universitaria que ofreció orientación a los padres con niños de cero a 11 años a través de llamadas de audio durante la pandemia COVID-19. El protocolo de atención se desarrolló para satisfacer las necesidades de las familias de bajos ingresos y enumeró problemas específicos relacionados con el confinamiento en el hogar y el cierre de la escuela, seguido de una variedad de estrategias de afrontamiento. El análisis de 223 quejas informadas por los usuarios en 130 llamadas reveló que el 94% de los problemas informados por los padres fueron abordados por el protocolo de atención y estaban relacionados con los problemas de externalización (39%) o internalización (26%) de los niños o la disminución del bienestar subjetivo de los padres (29%). Los servicios de apoyo deberían aconsejar a los padres sobre el uso de prácticas receptivas y asertivas que promuevan el bienestar emocional del niño y establezcan expectativas de comportamiento en contextos estresantes. La reducción de los conflictos entre padres e hijos como resultado del uso de estas estrategias tiende a reducir el sufrimiento de los padres, aumentando su sensación de bienestar subjetivo. Se recomienda una amplia difusión de estas iniciativas y seguimiento de casos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Orientation , Parents , Personal Satisfaction , Child , Problem Behavior , COVID-19 , Anxiety , Parent-Child Relations , Appetite , Play and Playthings , Problem Solving , Psychology , Psychomotor Agitation , Quality of Life , Reading , Recreation , Remedial Teaching , Respiratory Tract Infections , Safety , Salaries and Fringe Benefits , School Health Services , Self Concept , Autistic Disorder , Sleep , Social Adjustment , Social Conditions , Social Conformity , Social Environment , Social Isolation , Social Problems , Socialization , Socioeconomic Factors , Task Performance and Analysis , Telephone , Temperament , Therapeutics , Time , Unemployment , Violence , Behavior Therapy , Work Hours , Health Policy, Planning and Management , Child Abuse, Sexual , Boredom , Neurosciences , Virus Diseases , Activities of Daily Living , Bereavement , Exercise , Divorce , Child Abuse , Child Development , Mental Health , Mass Vaccination , Relaxation Therapy , Immunization , Self-Injurious Behavior , Civil Rights , Parenting , Panic Disorder , Interview , Cognition , Domestic Violence , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Lecture , Disabled Children , Wit and Humor , Internet , Creativity , Crisis Intervention , Crying , Disaster Vulnerability , Psychosocial Impact , Personal Autonomy , Death , Friends , Aggression , Depression , Drive , Economics , Education, Special , Educational Status , Emotions , Empathy , Faculty , Family Conflict , Family Relations , Fear , Binge Drinking , Meals , Return to Work , Hope , Optimism , Pessimism , Self-Control , Phobia, Social , Psychosocial Support Systems , Work-Life Balance , Adverse Childhood Experiences , Screen Time , Disgust , Sadness , Solidarity , Psychological Distress , Psychosocial Intervention , Teleworking , Financial Stress , Food Insecurity , Sentiment Analysis , Sociodemographic Factors , Social Vulnerability , Family Support , Government , Guilt , Holistic Health , Homeostasis , Hospitalization , Household Work , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Anger , Learning , Learning Disabilities , Leisure Activities , Loneliness , Mental Disorders
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