ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Ichthyophthiriasis is a worldwide fish disease with great financial impact on freshwater fish farming due to its associated high mortality rates. Current study assesses the parasiticidal capacity of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) against the causative agent, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, in jundiá. Median lethal concentration (LC50, 96h) of each chemical agent was established, as well as the minimum inhibitory concentration of hydrogen peroxide for the parasite´s infectious larval phase (theront). Products were tested asynchronously in parasitized fingerlings for short and long baths at the following concentrations and exposure times: 1. Hydrogen peroxide: (T1) continuous bath - 30ppm and (T2) 50ppm; (T3) short bath - 150ppm, during 1h and (T4) 250ppm during 1h; control group (without any chemical agent). 2. Chlorine dioxide: (T1) continuous bath - 4ppm and (T2) 20ppm; (T3) short bath - 200ppm, during 1min; (T4) short bath - 400ppm, during 1min and control group. Data analysis demonstrated a concentration of 82.54ppm of the commercial product (or 24.76ppm of the active chemical agent) as LC50, 96h of H2O2 and 38.4ppm product (or 2.68ppm of the active chemical agent) for ClO2. Hydrogen peroxide concentration causing 100% mortality rate of theronts in 1h was 25ppm (product, or 7.5ppm of the active chemical agent). At the end of the fourth day of curative experiment, 98% of the animals died by ichthyophthiriasis. No treatment was effective against the parasite.
RESUMO: A ictiofitiríase em peixes tem distribuição mundial e forte impacto econômico na piscicultura de água doce devido às altas taxas de mortalidade associadas. Este estudo avaliou o uso do peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) e do dióxido e cloro (ClO2) no controle do parasito protozoário Ichthyophthirius multifiliis em jundiá. A concentração letal mediana (CL50, 96h) de cada agente químico foi estabelecida, assim como a concentração mínima inibitória do peróxido de hidrogênio para a fase larval infecciosa do parasito (teronte). Os agentes foram testados assincronicamente em alevinos parasitados na forma de banhos de curta e longa duração, nas seguintes concentrações e tempos de exposição: 1. Peróxido de hidrogênio: (T1) banho contínuo - 30ppm e (T2) 50ppm; (T3) banho curto - 150ppm com duração de 1h e (T4) 250ppm com duração de 1h, além de um grupo controle (sem a adição do agente químico). 2. Dióxido de cloro: (T1) banho contínuo - 4ppm; (T2) banho contínuo - 20ppm; (T3) banho curto - 200ppm, com duração de 1min; (T4) banho curto - 400ppm, com duração de 1min, além de um grupo controle. A análise dos dados indicou a concentração de 82,54ppm do produto comercial utilizado (ou 24,76ppm do princípio ativo) como a Cl50, 96h de H2O2 e de 38,4ppm produto (ou 2,68ppm do princípio ativo) para o ClO2. A concentração de H2O2 que causou 100% de mortalidade dos terontes em 1h foi de 25ppm (do produto, ou 7,5ppm do princípio ativo). Ao final do quarto dia de experimento curativo, 98% dos animais morreram devido à ictiofitiríase. Nenhum dos tratamentos foi efetivo frente à parasitose.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune response of hybrid surubim vaccinated by intraperitoneal injection and by immersion against Aeromonas hydrophila. Vaccine was prepared with formalin-inactivated A. hydrophila. Forty eight fishes (47±9g) were distributed in 12 tanks (4 fish / tank) in the following treatments (4 tanks / treatment): unvaccinated fish, vaccinated intraperitoneally and vaccinated by immersion. After 21 days, intraperitoneally vaccinated fishes showed the highest values of total protein and immunoglobulins, agglutination titer and serum antimicrobial activity. Lysozyme concentration in the serum was higher in the fishes vaccinated by immersion than unvaccinated fishes. Intraperitoneal vaccination induced the highest immune response and could be used to improve the fish resistance against motile Aeromonas.