ABSTRACT
The resistance of plants to pests is a feature of great importance for agriculture, as it reduces costs with insecticides and promotes increased yield resulting in higher profits. This work aimed to evaluate the feeding preference of the Spodoptera frugiperda caterpillar by different sorghum genotypes. The experiment was carried out at the Entomology Laboratory of Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, at University Unit of Cassilândia, from March to June 2016. The experimental design was completely randomized with ten replicates. The treatments were composed by seven sorghum genotypes: Agromen 50A40, Agromen 50A50, DOW 1G100, DOW 1G220, DOW 1G233, XB 6022 and LG 6310. Evaluations were performed with 1st instar caterpillars. The number of caterpillars that settled in the genotypes at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60 minutes and 24 hours after the infestation was recorded. The feeding preference index and the fresh leaf mass consumed were estimated. The Agromen 50A40 genotype showed lower attractiveness rating for the S. frugiperda among all evaluated sorghum genotypes.(AU)
A resistência das plantas às pragas é uma característica de grande importância para a agricultura, pois reduz os custos com inseticidas e promove o aumento da produtividade, resultando em maiores lucros. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a preferência alimentar da lagarta Spodoptera frugiperda por diferentes genótipos de sorgo. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Entomologia da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, na Unidade Universitária de Cassilândia, no período de março a junho de 2016. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com 10 repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos por sete genótipos de sorgo: Agromen 50A40, Agromen 50A50, DOW 1G100, DOW 1G220, DOW 1G233, XB 6022 e LG 6310. As avaliações foram realizadas com lagartas de 1° instar. Anotou-se o número de lagartas que se estabeleceram nos genótipos aos 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60 minutos e 24 horas após a infestação. Foi estimado o índice de preferência e a massa fresca de folha consumida. O genótipo Agromen 50A40 apresentou menor atratividade para a S. frugiperda dentre todos os genótipos de sorgo avaliados.(AU)
Subject(s)
Spodoptera , Sorghum , Pest Control , GenotypeABSTRACT
A Pílula anticoncepcional é um método muito confiável. Além de impedir a gravidez, os anticoncepcionais vêm apresentando benefícios em outras situações, da dismenorreia (cólica menstrual), da menorragia (excesso de menstruação) e da tensão pré-menstrual. Ultimamente ele vem causando muitos desafios a serem enfrentados, muitos relatos de mulheres que concluíram que adquiriu trombose pelo uso do anticoncepcional. Com estudos de casos realizados em capitais Brasileiras, feito com mulheres de 15 a 39 anos, mostram o quanto os problemas relacionados à trombose profunda em seios venosos, doenças cardiovasculares e hipertensão esta crescendo não apenas com uso dos anticoncepcionais, mas a maneira que ele é tomado, as mulheres relataram que tomam para evitar gravidez, com isso leva ao aumento dos riscos que devido ao seu uso prologando, a influência dos fatores genéticos que estão influenciando drasticamente para o aumento de casos. Conhecimentos epidemiológicos indicam que o uso desses medicamentos preestabelece maior risco de desenvolvimento de (TVP) trombose venosa profunda. Determina-se que o uso de contraceptivos orais aumenta a perspectiva de ocorrer TVP, pois os hormônios composto nesses medicamentos atuam no sistema cardiovascular
The contraceptive pill is a very reliable method. In addition to preventing pregnancy, contraceptives have shown benefits in other situations, such as dysmenorrhea (menstrual cramps), menorrhagia (excessive menstruation), and premenstrual tension. Lately it has been causing many challenges to face, many reports from women who have concluded that they have acquired thrombosis through the use of contraception. With case studies conducted in Brazilian capitals, performed with women aged 15 to 39, show how problems related to deep thrombosis in venous sinuses, cardiovascular diseases and hypertension are growing not only with contraceptive use, but the way it is taken, women reported taking it to avoid pregnancy, with this leads to increased risks that due to their prolonged use, the influence of genetic factors that are drastically influencing the increase in cases. Epidemiological knowledge indicates that the use of these drugs pre-establishes a higher risk of developing deep venous thrombosis (DVT). It is determined that the use of oral contraceptives increases the prospect of DVT, since the hormones composed in these drugs act in the cardiovascular system.
Subject(s)
Contraceptives, OralABSTRACT
The capacity for scavenging free radicals and preventing lipid peroxidation of gallic, caffeic, and p-coumaric acids, thymol, eugenol and ascorbic acid were evaluated. The capacity for scavenging DPPH free radicals were performed in ethanol 96% and ethanol 70%. In the same assay, the activity estimation was followed at 10, 20 and 30 minutes. In this assay, eugenol presented the best activity (IC50 ranging from 2.10 mg/mL to 9.74 mg/mL. In the opposite site, p-coumaric had the lowest activity, in which the IC50 values were not possible to determine. Generally, 10 minutes of reaction provided lower scavenging activities than 30 minutes. The sole exception was ascorbic acid in which the activities were independent on the time of reaction. Ascorbic acid, eugenol and thymol possessed higher ability for scavenging DPPH free radicals in ethanol 70% than in ethanol 96%. Gallic and p-coumaric acids as well as thymol revealed to be the best scavengers of ABTS+ free radicals in contrast to ascorbic acid. The capacity for preventing lipid peroxidation was dependent on the concentration of samples. The assay showed that higher concentrations of gallic acid, thymol and p-coumaric acid added to sunflower oil (from 0.3 to 0.6%) induced higher lipid peroxidation with higher peroxide values. In contrast, increasing the percentages of caffeic acid and eugenol induced lower peroxidation of the sunflower oil. The percentage of samples added to this fat did not influence the index of p-anisidine. In this test, gallic acid had the best capacity for preventing the formation of 2,4-dienals and 2-alkenals decadienals able to react with p-anisidine.
ABSTRACT
Foi feita uma investigação anatômica dos órgãos vegetativos de Plectranthus ornatus, "boldo miúdo" e Plectranthus amboinicus, "malvariço", da família Lamiaceae. Foram estudados o limbo foliar, pecíolo e caule destas duas espécies. Ambas apresentam limbo foliar com tricomas tectores, com tricomas glandulares pedicelados em P. amboinicus e pedicelados e sésseis em P. ornatus. Justifica-se esta investigação, pelo fato de se tratar de espécies utilizadas, popularmente, como fitoterápico.
An anatomical study of the vegetative organs of Plectranthus ornatus, "boldo miúdo" and Plectranthus amboinicus, "malvariço" was made. Both show non-glandular trichomes on the foliar leaf. In P. ornatus, there are pedunculate glandular trichomes and in P. amboinicus, sessile and pedunculate glandular trichomes. This study is justified by the popular utilization of both species as phytotherapeutic agents.
ABSTRACT
Foi realizado um estudo anatômico de três espécies medicinais da família Bignoniaceae, típicas de cerrado, em risco de extinção, a saber: Anemopaegma arvense, Jacaranda decurrens e Zeyheria montana, provenientes de Botucatu. Para isto, realizaram-se cortes transversais de caule, limbo e pecíolo e paradérmicos de limbo. Os cortes, corados diferencialmente com azul de alcian e fucsina básica, foram objeto de estudo e descrição anatômica. As três espécies mostram adaptações anatômicas a ambiente xerofítico, representadas por mesofilo foliar compactado, cutícula espessa (Anemopaegma e Jacaranda) e abundante aquisição de tricomas tectores (Zeyheria).
The anatomy of three medicinal species belonging to the Bignoniaceae family, from savanna-like formation and in risk of extinction, was studied. They were: Anemopaegma arvense, Jacaranda decurrens and Zeyheria montana, from Botucatu. Hand-made transversal sections of stem, foliar leaf and petiole and paradermal sections of foliar leaf, differentially stained with alcian blue and basic fuchsin, were studied and described anatomically. The three species show anatomical adaptations to xerophytic environment, expressed by compaction of foliar mesophyll, thickened cuticle (Anemopaegma and Jacaranda) and acquisition of abundant non-glandular trichomes (Zeyheria).