ABSTRACT
During the past 20 years, several authors have reported increased prevalence of cholelithiasis in liver cirrhosis. This biliary disease has been implicated with the deterioration of liver function, liver disease of alcoholic origin or even the presence of hypersplenism in this patient population. This study analyzes the incidence and possible factors which are responsible for promoting cholelithiasis in cirrhosis. The study included 110 cirrhotic patients of a private center specialized in treating liver diseases. The incidence of cholelithiasis was 27.3 per cent (25.3 per cent in males and 33.3 per cent in females). There was no correlation between liver function defined by Child's classification or through the laboratory examinations (AST, ALT, AP, GGT, PT, Alb, TB, DB, PA) and the presence of gallstones. No evidence was found that the etiology of cirrhosis or the presence/absence of hypersplenism affected the prevalence of cholelithiasis in this population. In conclusion, an increased prevalence of cholelithiasis was verified in this population of cirrhotics but the pathogenesis is still obscure.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Cholelithiasis/complications , Brazil/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Cholelithiasis/surgery , Cholelithiasis/epidemiology , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Incidence , Prevalence , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Alteraçöes histológicas do sistema nervoso central ocorrem em cirróticos, relacionados à gravidade da insuficiências hepática. As mais comumente observadas säo atrofia, edema, proliferaçäo de astrócitos protoplasmáticos tipo II (Alzheimer) degeneraçäo e perda de células nervosas, necrose laminar ou pseudolaminar do córtex cerebral e polimicrocavitaçäo da funçäo branco-cinzenta, descritas em pacientes que faleceram em coma hepático. Essas anormalidades se encontram associadas com encefalopatia hepática de manifestaçäo clínica ou evoluçäo subclínica (latente). Todos esses pacientes mostram distúrbios neuropsicológicos, correlacionados com medidas eletrofisiológicas, induzidos por fatores metabólicos, exteriorizáveis por ressonância magnética e tomografia cerebral computadorizada. Esses sinais neuroradiológicos säo reversíveis após transplante de fígado, fase em que outras alteraçöes neuropatológicas podem ser observadas. Essas, säo induzidas pelo uso de fármacos imunossupressores, tais como ciclosporina e FK-506. Outras complicaçöes nessa fase säo encefalopatia, crises, infartos cerebrais, hemorragia intracraniana, meningoencefalite, mielinólise pontina central e absessos. Tais aspectos säo comentados neste artigo