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Arq. bras. cardiol ; 91(2): 93-101, ago. 2008. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-488893

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A prevalência de obesidade e pressão arterial (PA) tem aumentado em crianças e adolescentes, enquanto os domínios da atividade física declinaram. OBJETIVO: Identificar e associar o excesso de peso, de gordura corporal e de PA elevada entre os estudantes ativos e passivos no deslocamento à escola. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 1.570 escolares de 7 a 12 anos de idade, de João Pessoa, PB. Os estudantes responderam a um questionário sobre a forma de deslocamento à escola (ativo = caminhada/bicicleta ou passivo = carro/moto/ônibus) e o tempo despendido. O excesso de peso foi determinado no IMC > 25 kg/m², a gordura no percentil > 85 da dobra tricipital e a PA elevada no percentil > 90. Na análise, utilizaram-se o teste qui-quadrado e a regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: O deslocamento ativo associou-se à menor prevalência de excesso de peso e de gordura, em relação ao passivo (p < 0,05). A razão de prevalência (RP) para o excesso de peso associou-se à gordura (masculino: RP = 6,45, IC95 por cento = 4,55-9,14; feminino: RP = 4,10, IC95 por cento= 3,09-5,45), à PAS elevada (masculino: RP = 1,99, IC95 por cento= 1,30-3,06; feminino: RP = 2,09, IC95 por cento= 1,45-3,01) e à PAD elevada nas meninas (RP = 1,96, IC95 por cento = 1,41-2,75). Não houve associação com o deslocamento ativo (p > 0,05) CONCLUSÃO: O deslocamento passivo à escola associou-se ao excesso de peso e gordura, e dissociou-se da PA elevada. O excesso de peso associou-se ao excesso de gordura e à PA elevada. É preciso prevenir o excesso de peso, como meio de evitar o acúmulo de gordura e o aumento da PA.


BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity and elevated arterial pressure (AP) has increased in children and adolescents, whereas physical activity has decreased. OBJECTIVE: To identify and correlate excess weight, body fat and elevated AP among active and passive students with the way they commute to school. METHODS: One thousand five hundred and seventy students aged 7 to 12 years participated in the study conducted in João Pessoa, state of Paraíba. Students completed a questionnaire about the way they commuted to school (active = walking/biking or passive = by car/motorcycle/bus) and the time spent traveling to school. Excess weight was determined by BMI > 25 kg/m², excess body fat as > 85th percentile for tricipital fold measurement, and high AP as >90th percentile. Chi-square test and Poisson's regression were used for the analysis. RESULTS: Active commuting was associated with a lower prevalence of excess weight and body fat as compared to passive commuting (p<0.05). The prevalence ratio (PR) of excess weight was associated with excess body fat (Male: PR= 6.45 95 percentCI= 4.55-9.14; Female: PR= 4.10 95 percentCI= 3.09-5.45), elevated SAP [Systolic Arterial Pressure] (Male: PR= 1.99 95 percentCI= 1.30-3.06; Female: PR= 2.09 95 percentCI= 1.45-3.01), and elevated DAP [Diastolic Arterial Pressure] in girls (PR = 1.96 95 percentCI= 1.41-2.75). No association with active commuting was observed (p>0.05) CONCLUSION: Passive commuting to school showed a correlation with excess weight and body fat but not with elevated AP. Excess weight was associated with excessive body fat and elevated AP. Excess weight should be prevented as a way to avoid fat accumulation and AP elevation.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Bicycling/statistics & numerical data , Hypertension/epidemiology , Overweight/epidemiology , Transportation/statistics & numerical data , Walking/statistics & numerical data , Adipose Tissue , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hypertension/diagnosis , Overweight/diagnosis , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Students/statistics & numerical data
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