ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes of acute myeloid leukemia patients who were older than 60 years of age at the time of diagnosis following the implementation of a treatment algorithm based on age, performance status, and cytogenetic results. METHODS: We retrospectively compared the results of 31 elderly acute myeloid leukemia patients (median age of 74 years) who were treated according to the new algorithm. RESULTS: Fifteen patients with a good performance status and no unfavorable karyotypes were treated with either intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy (<70 years, nine cases) or adapted etoposide, 6-thioguanine and idarubicine (>70 years, six cases); 16 cases with a poor performance status or unfavorable cytogenetics received supportive care only. Six patients achieved a complete remission and two achieved a partial remission after chemotherapy. There were three toxic deaths during induction, two in the adapted etoposide, 6-thioguanine and idarubicine group and one in the intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy group. The overall median survival time was 2.96 months, 1.3 months in the supportive care group, and 4.6 months in the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results illustrate the importance of treatment guidelines adapted to local resources in an attempt to improve the survival of elderly acute myeloid leukemia patients in developing countries.
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy , Algorithms , Brazil , Cytogenetic Analysis , Etoposide/administration & dosage , Hospitals, University , Idarubicin/administration & dosage , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality , Palliative Care , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Thioguanine/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Bone marrow biopsy allows evaluation of cellularity, abnormal localization of immature precursors and fibrosis in myelodysplastic syndrome. It has been considered important to make diagnosis and prognosis of this disorder. The object of this study evaluated the influence of histopathological parameters, such as cellularity, erythroid/myeloid ratio, abnormal localization of immature precursors and marrow fibrosis, on survival of myelodysplastic syndrome patients. Forty-six patients, admitted from April 1985 to June 1998, and diagnosed as being myelodysplastic syndrome according to French-American-British criteria, were selected. There were 20 males and 26 females, with median age of 61 years. Forty-six bone marrow smears and 36 trephine biopsies were reviewed. Mean survival of hypocellular cases was 64.8 months and of hyper and normocellular cases was 31.8 months. Patients with predominance of erythroid hyperplasia had mean survival of 50.8 months, greater than those with predominance of myeloid hyperplasia (20.3 months). There was no statistical difference in survival of patients with or without abnormal localization of immature precursors and with or without marrow fibrosis. Bone marrow biopsy is a useful tool for the identification of parameters that influence prognosis in myelodysplastic syndrome. Hypocellularity and erythroid hyperplasia were correlated with longer survival while myeloid hyperplasia with poorer survival
A biópsia de medula óssea propicia a avaliação da celularidade global, dos precursores imaturos de localização anormal e de fibrose nas sídromes mielodisplásicas. O método tem sido considerado importante também para o diagnóstico e prognóstico da síndrome. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de o observar a influência de parâmetros histológicos como a celularidade, a relação eritróide mielóide, a presença de precursores imaturos de localização anormal e fibrose medular na sobrevida de pacients com a síndrome. De abril de 1985 a junho de 1998, 46 pacientes diagnosticados segundo os critérios do grupo Franco, Americano, Britânico foram estudados. A casuística era composta de 20 pacientes do sexo masculino e de 26 do sexo feminino com idade média de 61 anos. Foram revisados 46 esfregaços de aspirado de medula óssea e 36 cortes histológicos de bioópsia de medula óssea. A sobrevida média dos casos de hipocelularidade foi de 64,8 meses e dos casos que eram hiper ou normocelulares foi de 31,8 meses. Pacientes com a predominância de hiperplasia tiveram sobrevida média de 50,8 meses, que foi superior aos que apresentavam hiperplasia mielóide (20,3 meses). Não houve diferença estatística na sobrevida dos pacientes que apresentaram ou não fibrose medular. A biópsia de medula óssea deve ser considerada útil na identificação de prâmetros que influenciam no prognóstico da síndrome mielodisplásica. A hipocelularidade e a hiperplasia eritrocitária está realcionada com a sobrevida maior, enquanto a hiperplasia mielóide com a sobrevida mais curta.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Biopsy , Bone Marrow , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Myelodysplastic Syndromes , Prognosis , Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathologyABSTRACT
A medula óssea é bastante radiosensível e dependendo da intensidade, suas alteraçöes podem causar a morte de indivíduos expostos, pela Síndrome Aguda da Radiaçäo.Constitui-se também num tecido crítico para a interaçäo de drogas e radiaçäo, durante o tratamento de doenças malignas, às vezes, limitando tais procedimentos. No presente artigo säo abordadas as características do radioprotetor amifostina e seu papel na proteçäo da medula óssea irradiada.