ABSTRACT
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Leprosy is a disabling infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of leprosy among household contacts of leprosy patients. METHODS: This study is a serological survey in household contacts of leprosy patients who had been treated or were undergoing treatment in the city of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil, from 2006-2016, using clinical examination and screening for anti- Phenolic glycolipid-I antibodies with Mycobacterium leprae-flow serology. RESULTS: A total of 263 index cases of leprosy were identified during the study period. Of these, 53 were approached, and among their household contacts, 108 were examined. The ML-flow test was positive in 2 (1.85%) individuals, but clinical examination revealed no signs or symptoms of leprosy in them. Therefore, they were considered to have a subclinical infection. Leprosy was not confirmed in any household contacts. In this study, a lower percentage of household contacts, when compared to that in the literature, had a positive Mycobacterium leprae-flow test result. CONCLUSION: The use of Mycobacterium leprae-flow should be encouraged during the follow-up of at-risk populations, such as the household contacts of leprosy patients.
ABSTRACT
Breast milk is the main source of nourishment for the healthy growth and development of newborns up do six months, and after that, it serves as a supplement up to two years. The act of breastfeeding, in addition to being an important means of forming an affective bond between the mother and infant, also promotes maternal, social and environmental benefits. Although its importance has been proven, it is known that there are several reasons that lead to the early interruption of breastfeeding, including breast complications. Our aim was to determine the incidence of complications related to breastfeeding in puerperal women seen at Hospital Regional, a philanthropic hospital in Presidente Prudente (SP) and the possible factors that led to their appearance as well. Methods: A quantitative-qualitative longitudinal study was carried out with puerperal women cared for at Hospital Regional of Presidente Prudente. A structured interview was administered in three stages: the first during the puerperal women's hospitalization and the others, through telephone contact at respectively 30 and 90 days after delivery, to monitor breastfeeding. Results: Of the total number of patients interviewed, 24.3% had some breast complications resulting from breastfeeding. Still in the immediate postpartum period at 30 days, this proportion reached 42.23%, decreasing at 90 days to 17.47%. Furthermore, of the puerperal women that showed any complication, 74% of them were single, 54% had brown skin color, 42.9% had completed high school and 52% were primiparous. Moreover, the patients who had a Cesarean section (53,8%) showed more complications than the ones who had natural childbirth (35,1%).
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The immunohistochemical markers used in breast cancer cases allow the classification of tumors into four subtypes: luminal A (1), luminal B (2), HER2 positive (3), and triple-negative or basal-like (4). This study aimed to evaluate the histological and immunohistochemical profile of breast cancer patients from a referral hospital in the inland of the state of São Paulo and understand the particularities of the prognosis based on the tumor-node-metastasis staging. Methods: This retrospective observational epidemiological cohort study was carried out at Hospital Regional de Presidente Prudente, with the first half of 2020 as the time frame. The research target population was women diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent immunohistochemical examination. We excluded patients with breast carcinoma in situ and incomplete medical records, which made data analysis impossible. After classifying the cases into four molecular subtypes based on immunohistochemistry, identifying the histological grade, and verifying the pathological staging criteria, we gathered the data and addressed the pathological-prognostic staging to investigate the prognosis of each patient. Results: We analyzed 49 patients with a complete immunohistochemical profile. Among them, luminal A (44.9%) was the most prevalent molecular subtype, followed by luminal B (36.7%). The least prevalent subtypes were triple-negative (16.8%) and HER2 (2%). Pathological-prognostic staging was possible in 73.5% of cases. Conclusions: The molecular subtype is important for tumor evaluation and has direct implications for the staging of breast cancer patients.