ABSTRACT
Objetivou-se analisar a distribuição do câncer infantojuvenil e identificar fatores associados ao atraso no início do tratamento oncológico, na Paraíba, a partir dos Registros Hospitalares de Câncer, de 2010 a 2018. Estudo observacional, descritivo e analítico, com 896 registros de crianças e adolescentes (0-19 anos), identificando-se características epidemiológicas, clínicas e o cumprimento da Lei Federal 12.732/12 (lei dos 60 dias para início do tratamento). Os dados foram analisados pela regressão logística (α=5%). Constatou-se que 80,2% dos pacientes iniciaram o tratamento no tempo previsto por lei (≤ 60 dias). Observou-se que indivíduos de 10 a 19 anos, com tumores sólidos, submetidos à cirurgia e tratados em um dos quatro RHC's da Paraíba apresentam maiores chances de terem a terapia antineoplásica iniciada em um tempo superior a 60 dias. Conclui-se que o atraso no início do tratamento contra o câncer infantojuvenil está associado a características epidemiológicas e clínicas dos pacientes oncológicos pediátricos.
This study aimed to analyze the distribution of childhood cancer and identify factors associated with delay in starting cancer treatment, in the state of Paraíba, from the Hospital-Based Cancer Registries (HBCR), from 2010 to 2018. Observational, descriptive and analytical study, with 896 records of children and adolescents (0-19 years), identifying epidemiological and clinical characteristics and compliance with Federal Law 12732/12 (maximum of 60 days to start treatment). Data were analyzed by logistic regression (α=5%). The results showed that 80.2% patients started treatment within the time prescribed by law (≤ 60 days). Individuals aged 10 to 19 years, with solid tumors, undergoing surgery and treated in one of the four HBCR in Paraíba are more likely to have anticancer therapy initiated after 60 days. The delay in starting treatment against childhood cancer is associated with epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric cancer patients.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To determine the occurrence and severity of oral mucositis (OM) and the factors associated with the onset of severe oral mucositis (SOM) in pediatric cancer patients. Material and Methods: This was a longitudinal and prospective study with 85 children and adolescents (aged 0 to 19 years) admitted to the Pediatric Oncology Sector of Napoleão Laureano Hospital between November 2016 and July 2019. The patients' sociodemographic and epidemiological information, as well as hematological and biochemical parameters, were obtained from their medical charts. The oral mucosa of study participants was assessed through the modified Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) at baseline and after the 2nd, 5th and 10th week of antineoplastic treatment. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of SOM (p<0.05). Results: The occurrence of OM was more frequent in the 2nd (60%), 5th (40.9%) and 10th week (43.2%) of antineoplastic treatment. During the follow-up period, SOM was more frequent in the 5th week (34.7%), followed by the 2nd (32.3%) and 10th weeks (29.7%). There was no association between the occurrence of SOM and the patient's age, type of tumor, chemotherapy regimen, and hematological and biochemical parameters. Conclusion: The occurrence of oral mucositis in pediatric cancer patients was significant, especially in the 2nd week of antineoplastic treatment. Severe oral mucositis was more prevalent in the 5th week of treatment and was not associated with any of the study variables.