ABSTRACT
Therapeutic targeting of phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase [PI3K] is considered as a possible strategy in several types of cancer, including gastrointestinal ones. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated the significance of proapoptotic and antiproliferative inhibition of PI3K. Although there are many phase 1 and 2 clinical trials on PI3K inhibitors in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, the molecular mechanism of PI3K targeting PI3K/ mTOR pathway is not clear. Panclass I, isoformselective, and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors are under investigation. This review aimed to indicate PI3K-dependent targeting mechanisms in gastrointestinal cancer and the evaluation of related clinical data
ABSTRACT
Low bone mass is a serious health problem mostly seen in postmeno-pausal women with rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and some related risk factors in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis. The data for this descriptive analytical study was extracted from the medical records of 98 postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis who had attended the 5th of Azar Teaching Hospital affiliated to Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, in Iran, in 2009. The mean durations of menopause and rheumatoid arthritis were 9.39 and 5.13 years, respectively. The overall prevalence of osteoporosis was 13.3%. We found a significant correlation between age, disease duration, and duration of menopause with bone mineral density [P < 0.05]. Our results indicate a high prevalence of osteoporosis at the lumbar spine of postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis