ABSTRACT
In recent years, tissue regeneration has become a promising field for developing stem cellbased transplantation therapies for human patients. Adult stem cells are affected by the same aging mechanisms that involve somatic cells. One of the mechanisms involved in cellular aging is hyperactivation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 [mTORC1] and disruption of 50 adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase [AMPK]. Aging of stem cells results in their
impaired regenerative capacity and depletion of stem cell pools in adult tissue, which results in lower efficacy of stem cell therapy. By utilizing an effective therapeutic intervention for aged stem cells, stem cell therapy can become more promising for future application. mTORC1 inhibition is a practical approach to preserve the stem cell pool. In this article, we review the dynamic interaction between sirtuin [silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog] 1, AMPK, and mTORC1. We propose that using AMPK activators such as 5-aminoimidazole-4- carboxamide ribonucleotide, A769662, metformin, and oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NAD+] are practical ways to be employed for achieving better optimized results in stem cell-based transplantation therapies
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the lethal area 50 [LA50] and determinants of mortality in burn patients admitted to a single burn center
Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary burn center affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, during a 1 year period from 2015 to 2016. To determine prognostic factors in fatal burns, medical records of eligible burn patients were reviewed for demographic and clinical variables, as well as patient outcome. Also, LA50 was calculated using Probit analysis
Results: Overall 559 patients with the mean age of 27.2 +/- 23.65 years and including 343 [61.4%] males and 216 [38.6%] females were enrolled in this study. The average burn TBSA% was 31.38 +/- 24.41% [1-100%]. Duration of hospital stay ranged from 1 to 67 days [15.11 +/- 10.64]. With 93 expired patients, the mortality rate was calculated to be 16.6%. The total LA50 was 66.55% [58.4-79.3]. Fire was the most common cause of burn injury
Conclusion: Compared to developed countries, in our burn center the LA50 and survival rate of burn patients are lower. This indicates an urgent need for prompt attention in order to improve current policies regarding this public health issue to reduce mortality
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the effects of topical administration of 20% oltipraz solution on histomorphometrical and stereological aspects of skin tissue in full thickness skin wounds in laboratory rats
Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar portion rats [220 +/- 20 g] were randomly divided into three groups [n=12]. On the first day of experimentation, a 1-cm2 circular wound was made on the posterior surface of neck in all rats by removing a full thickness skin piece immediately after induction of anesthesia with ether inhalation. One group was treated with vehicle solution [DMSO alone]. The second group was treated daily with 20% oltipraz solution, and the third group, the control group, received no treatment. The wound closure rate was estimated our previously described method. The volume density of collagen bundles, vessels, and hair follicles, the vessels' length density, mean diameter of vessels and also fibroblast population were estimated by using stereological methods
Results: The oltipraz group indicated a significantly higher improvement [6.26% of the wound surface per day] than control and the vehicle treated groups [p=0.032]; furthermore, there was inconsiderable difference between the rate of wound closure in the group treated with vehicle [4.93% per day] and the control group [4.43% per day]
Conclusion: Oltipraz has positive influence on fibroblast proliferation and re-epithelization. A noticeable observation in our study was absence of scar formation in wounds which were treated by oltipraz and can be mentioned as an advantage of this drug