Small group structured oral examination: An innovation in oral examination.

Assessment drives learning, For the past years, we have been using an Traditional oral exam i.e. one examiner or tow examiner taking oral examination of one student, as a part of the examination process for the First MBBS formative and summative assessment. There appears to be tremendous variation on what constitutes the "traditional" oral examination. Studies analyzing characteristics of oral examinations vary most often by format and number of examiners. Considering above pros and cons of traditional oral examination and on the basis of examiners’ feedback, the new format of viva voce examination is started in the form of “Small Group Structured Oral Examination”(SGSOE). In SGSOE Students will be divided in the small group of 10 to 12 students in each group. They have to sit in chronological order in group. Two examiners will be assigned to group . For examination, according to roll no, they have to randomly select a chit from box. Than student has to give answer of main question mention in structured viva card of the topic Than rest of the students one by one, has to give answer of leading question related to that topic. after completion of Group Viva (GV) group of two examiner present at group viva will decides Marks, depending number of topic attend by all the students. Thus, It is one of the new exam systems designed to make an objective, valid and reliable assessment of different components of subject.

The study of cephalic index in living subjects in Gujarat Region.

Background and objectives: The cephalic index exhibits sexual differences and different shapes of head. This information will be highly important for Plastic surgeons, Forensic Scientists, Anatomists, Human Biologists, Criminologists & Physical Anthropologists.Method: The present study was performed on 510 living subjects of Gujarat (243 male and 267 female) of 18 to 30 years in the year of 2011 with the objective to study the sex differences in cephalic index. Cephalic index was investigated with the help of head length and width with the use of spreading caliper.Result: The study showed that mean head length and width were higher in males than in females , while mean cephalic index was higher in females than in males. Interpretation and Conclusion: Predominant head type was mesocephalic in both sexes and there was no significant gender difference (p value > o.o1).

A study of sexual dimorphism of femoral head in Gujarat region.

Various diameters of head of femur have been in use for sex determination. These diameters vary region wise also. Therefore we undertook the study in Jamnagar region of Gujarat. Maximum diameter of the femoral head was measured in 184 dry, normal, adult, human femora (136 male & 48 female) obtained from M. P. Shah Medical College Jamnagar Gujarat. Mean Values obtained were, 43.75 and 40.33 for right male and female, and 43.88 and 40.64 for left male and female respectively. Higher value in male was statistically highly significant (P< 0.001) on both sides. The data was subjected to demarking point (D.P.) analysis. Maximum head diameter identified 11.90% of right male femora and 7.25% of left male femora; in female it identified 4% of left female femora while it was not useful (0.00%) for right female bone. Though the sex of the bone can be determined from head of the femur bone, in itself it is far from conclusive.

Sexual dimorphism of bicondylar width of Femora.

Background: Sexual identification from the skeletal parts is very important medicllegaly as well as anthropologicaly. Present study aims to ascertain values of femoral bicondylar width and to evaluate its possible efficacy in determining correct sexual identification.Methods: Study sample consisted of 184 dry, normal, adult, human femora (136 male & 48 female) from skeletal collections of Anatomy department, M. P. Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat. Bicondylar width was considered as maximum distance between medial and lateral femoral condyle, measured with the Vernier caliper. Results: Mean Values obtained were, 76.84 and 72.34 for right male and female, and 76.64 and 72.84 for left male and female respectively. Higher value in male was statistically highly significant (P< 0.001) on both sides. Demarking point (D.P.) analysis of the data showed that right femora with bicondylar width more than 80.20 were definitely male and less than 65.50 were definitely female; while for left bones, femora with bicondylar width more than 80.76 were definitely male and less than 66.53 were definitely female. Conclusions: Bicondylar width identified 22.40% of right male femora and 14.49% of left male femora; it was not useful for female bone.

A unilateral rectus sternalis: An important variant in the thoracic region.

During a routine dissection in the Anatomy dissection hall, a unilateral muscle was observed on the left thoracic wall present superficial to pectoralis major muscle. The name of this muscle was Rectus Sternalis muscle and the history of the development of the rectus sternalis muscle provided with interesting explanations by different authors and even in the Anatomy textbooks. Since this muscle was found for the first time in five years by dissecting 70 cadavers, it is considered as a very rare anomaly. The description of rectus sternalis muscle might provide useful details for clinicians exploring the pectoral region.

A study of palmar dermatoglyphics of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Bhavnagar District.

Dermatoglyphics, the ridged skin covering our palms and sole, are not only found on human beings. All primates have ridged skin, and it can also be found on the paws of certain mammals and on the tails of some monkey species. Palmar creases develop during the 2nd and 3rd month of intrauterine life and are not influenced by movement of hand in utero. They are of considerable clinical interest because they are affected by certain abnormalities of early development including genetic disorders. In the present study 100 patients of pulmonary tuberculosis (sputum smear positive) were collected from the department of TB & Chest diseases, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar (Gujarat) and from DOT centers of Bhavnagar. Out of 100 cases, (77 males and 23 females) are of pulmonary tuberculosis (sputum smear positive). There was no statistically significant difference observed in finger print pattern in between male & female and total cases and control in this study.

A study of palmar dermatoglyphics in leprosy in Bhavnagar District.

Dermatoglyphics, the ridged skin covering our palms and sole, are not only found on human beings. All primates have ridged skin, and it can also be found on the paws of certain mammals and on the tails of some monkey species. The drag against the ridges when feeling the texture of a surface heightens the intensity of stimulation of the nerve endings. The sample consists of 100 cases of leprosy in the age group of 18 to 60 years. Fingerprints and palm prints were taken, using the Ink and Pad method, described by Harold Cummins and Midlo. The dermatoglyphics of 100 leprosy cases are studied in the age group of 18 to 60 year. All cases are selected from Bhavnagar district & Taluka places of Bhavnagar District. Out of 100 cases 70 Case of Multibacillary type, (40 Male & 30 Female) and 30 case of Paucibacillary type (16 Male & 14 Female) are compared with the control of different age group 18 to 60 years, (74 Male & 26 Female). there was no statistically significant difference observed in finger print pattern and in between male & female in present study in MB, PB and control.

Multicentric morphometric study of dry human sacrum of Indian population in Gujarat Region.

Sacrum is a large triangular bone. It is formed by fusion of five sacral vertebrae and forms the caudal region of the vertebral column. It forms posterosuperior wall of the pelvic cavity wedged between the two hip bones. The present study is undertaken to test the validity of the parameters by which it may be possible to know detail morphometry of sacrum and sacral hiatus. The material for the present study consists of 150 adult sacrum of unknown sex. The measuring was done on intact parts of normal bones. Bones showing wear and tear, fracture or any pathology were not considered. Each linear recording was taken to the nearest millimeter. shape and length of the sacral hiatus, level of apex and anteroposterior depth at apex, level of base and transverse width at base were measured with the help of vernier calipers, recorded, tabulated and analyzed. Significant findings in the present study are high, 83 (55.33%) bones showed narrowed sacral canal at the apex (0-3mm), where as previous studies reported 15.6%. This should be kept in mind while applying caudal epidural anaesthesia in Gujarati population.

Sexing of sacrum by sacral index and kimura's base-wing index.

A study for sexing of sacra was carried on 64 sacra (32 male & 32 female sacra) by two methods.One method used was sacral index and the other method was Kimura's base-wing index. The measuring instrument used was sliding vernier caliper. The method of sacral index showed high success rate as compared with Kimura's base-wing index method.