ABSTRACT
Background: Viral hepatitis is the most common liver disease in pregnancy and is also the most common cause of jaundice in pregnancy in tropical countries. Risk factors for transmission are intravenous drug abuse, surgical and dental procedures done without adequate sterilization of instruments, sexual route etc. Early diagnosis and management can prevent maternal and fetal complications. This study was done to evaluate the frequency, risk factors and pregnancy outcome in hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive antenatal women.Methods: This case control study was conducted in Teerthankar Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India from January 2017 to June 2018 on total 2511 pregnant women. The serum samples were checked for presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and presence of IgG antibodies to HCV. Analysis of sociodemographic profile, risk factors and pregnancy outcome were done in all HBV and HCV positive women.Results: Out of 2511 pregnant women, 292 were tested positive for hepatitis. Maximum number of women were in the age group of 21-30 years. Most of the seropositive women were multipara. Frequency of positivity was maximum for HCV (67.1%). The risk factors for transmission in study population were intravenous drug abuse, blood transfusion, history of surgery and tattooing.Conclusions: Hepatitis infection rate is increasing. Universal screening for HBV and HCV can be recommended in pregnant women in developing countries. Education and awareness of public and health care workers can reduce the risk of transmission.
ABSTRACT
Hand is a body part which is of major significance for communication, body language and social contact along with its fundamental function of grasping and feeling. Finger and partial finger amputations are some of the most frequently encountered forms of partial hand loss in India which causes devastating physical, psychosocial and economic damage to an individual. Rehabilitation of amputed finger is of utmost importance and the first choice is micro vascular reconstruction. But when it is contraindicated, unavailable, unsuccessful or unaffordable, the prosthetic rehabilitation is an alternative for improving the psychological status of an individual. Silicone finger prosthesis with modern prosthetic designs, fabricated with immense care, can be life-like and can assist the amputee in returning to society socially as well as psychologically. This case report presents the fabrication of custom-made silicone finger prosthesis along with acrylic resin custom made nail in an attempt to avoid costly procedures and provide best possible esthetic results.