Cancer profile in Kolar: A ten years study.

Context: Cancer profile varies in different regions and depends on race, lifestyle and diet. The study of a cancer profile helps to know the common cancers in a particular population, its probable risk factors and also helps in cancer control programs. AIM: To study the cancer profile at Kolar, based on Pathology Department records. Settings and Design: Retrospective study from January 1997 to December 2006. Materials and Methods: Cancer cases diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and histopathology in the Department of Pathology were included in the study. The relevant history, clinical findings, and sociodemographic information of each case was retrieved from hospital records. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics. Results: Out of a total of 19,615 cases reported at the Department of Pathology, 2,744 (13.98%) were cancer cases. The peak incidence was in the fifth decade in females and the seventh decade in males. Male : Female ratio was 0.7 : 1. Overall there was a steady rise in the number of cases from year 1997 to 2006. The top ten cancers in males were of oral cavity, stomach, esophagus, bone, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), prostate, liver, larynx, penis, and Hodgkin's disease / bladder and those in females were oral cavity, cervix, breast, stomach, esophagus, thyroid, ovary, bone, rectum, and melanoma. Conclusions: Oral cavity and upper gastrointestinal cancers predominated in both genders. In females, cervical cancer predominated over breast cancer. Thyroid cancers were relatively more common in this region especially in females.

Effects of ovine LH, GH and prolactin, and testosterone on serum testosterone and estradiol-17 beta levels, and seminal vesicle and testicular activity in the catfish Clarias batrachus (L.).

Intraperitoneal administrations of testosterone (0.5 microgram/g body wt), and ovine LH (1.0 microgram/g body wt), GH (5 micrograms/g body wt) and prolactin (10 micrograms/g body wt) daily for 7 days during early prespawning phase (May) in C. batrachus produced varied effects on seminal vesicle (SVSI) and testicular (GSI) weights and biochemical correlates. Testosterone and LH treatments significantly increased serum testosterone level and concentrations of total proteins, fructose, hexosamines and sialic acid in both seminal vesicles and testis. Serum E2 levels increased significantly only after testosterone treatment. GH treatment increased significantly serum testosterone level and only the concentrations of SV hexosamines and testicular protein. Prolactin, however, significantly lowered serum testosterone level and concentrations of total protein, hexosamines in both SV and testis, and testicular fructose and sialic acid levels. The results show that the stimulating effect of LH and GH on SV and testicular activity is mediated through the increased secretion of testosterone and the inhibitory effect of prolactin by decreased testosterone secretion.

Precocious recrudescence of seminal vesicle and testis in catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.), subjected to a long photoperiod regime.

The catfish C. batrachus were exposed to a long photoperiod of 14 hr light during resting--early preparatory (December-February) phases of the reproductive cycle. At 70-day sampling, both the seminal vesicle (SV) and testis registered marked stimulatory effects in comparisons to control fish maintained under approximately 10.55 L:13.45D as shown by the increased size and weight. In both the SV and testis, concentrations of total proteins, fructose, hexosamines, and sialic acid were significantly high compared to those of the control fish indicating increased activities of the organs. Serum levels of gonadotropin-II, testosterone, and estradiol-17 beta were significantly high in the long photoperiod group. The results show that exposure to long photoperiod can stimulate early development of both the SV and testis by activating the pituitary--gonadal axis.