ABSTRACT
The sticky rice of Assam is traditionally classified as bora (glutinous) and chokuwa (semi-glutinous) basedon their stickiness after cooking. The Waxy (Wx) gene encodes for granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS)that controls the synthesis of amylose, which is a key determinant of rice end-use quality attributes. In thisreport, we analysed the level of variation in grain quality traits in a collection of bora and chokuwacultivars, and examined the nucleotide diversity at the Wx locus of selected rice accessions to identify thepossible cause of low-amylose in these rice cultivar groups. The Wx gene sequencing from 24 bora andchokuwa cultivars revealed several nucleotide variations that can explain the variation in the amylosephenotypes. The nucleotide polymorphisms in the downstream intron regions were similar to those reportedin Bangladeshi Beruin cultivars. Among the Wx polymorphisms, the CTn microsatellite in exon 1 and G/TSNP in intron 1 (G/T-Int1) should be considered for marker assisted breeding involving bora cultivars. TheWx gene tree, classified the bora accessions possessing the G/T-Int1 SNP as japonicas. However, clusteranalysis using microsatellite markers classified the bora and chokuwa cultivars as indica, and intermediateof indica-aus. The findings of this study supplemented our understanding on the evolution of the Wx geneunder human selection. The results will assist plant breeders to effectively improve the bora and chokuwalandraces.
ABSTRACT
Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy, with a reported annual incidence per 100,000 persons ranging from 324 to 524 among women and 135 to 303 among men There are several treatment options which they can be broadly categorised into surgical and non-surgical. The various nonsurgical methods include: use of hand brace, splinting of the wrist, ultrasonic therapy, laser therapy, oral steroids, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), oral vitamin B6, local injection of corticosteroids, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. There are a limited number of studies on the effectiveness of kinesiotaping in CTS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of ultrasound treatment combined with nerve and tendon gliding exercises and kinesiotaping and to compare the two regimens. Materials and methods: In the present study a convenience sample of 20 individuals between 25 to 55 years suffering from mild to moderate carpel tunnel syndrome were randomly and evenly divided into 2 groups : Group A ( Tendon and Nerve gliding exercises ) & Group B ( Kinesio taping). Group A received Ultrasound over the area of carpel tunnel along with tendon and nerve gliding exercises 5 times a week for 2 weeks. Group B received Ultrasound 5 times a week over the carpel tunnel area along with kinesiotaping with 5 day interval for 2 weeks. At the end of 2 weeks the outcome measures which included VAS, Boston CTS Questionnaire assessed in both the groups and the data was statistically analysed. Results: Intragroup analysis of both groups pre and post intervention showed statistically significant values for both the outcome measures VAS and BCTS Questionnaire ( p value< 0.05). Intergroup analysis also showed statistically significant values for outcome measures inferring that Group B was better than Group A (p value< 0.05). Conclusion: The study concluded that both kinesiotaping along with Ultrasound as well as tendon and nerve gliding exercises with ultrasound are effective in reducing pain and improving functional activities in patients with Carpel Tunnel Syndrome. Kinesiotaping with Ultrasound is more effective than tendon and nerve gliding exercise
ABSTRACT
Background: Falls are most frequent cause of accident related injury and are frequently associated with accident related death in the elderly. While an individual’s risk for falling is associated with a variety of sensory, motor, cognitive and environmental variables, it ultimately depends on their frequency of loss of balance episodes and their ability to recover balance by stepping, grasping or swaying (via the ankle strategy or hip strategy). Although visual, vestibular and somatosensory functions are known to be contributing factors in maintaining balance, they are not as easily altered as muscle strength and joint range of motion and stiffness. The study aimed To assess the effects of bilateral ankle joint mobilisation on functional balance in community dwelling elderly Materials and methods: In the present study a convenience sample of 60 community dwelling elderly between the age 65 to 75 years wererandomly and evenly divided into 2 groups :The Experimental Group &Control Group.For the purpose of selecting the subject in the study they were evaluated with the Time Up And Go Test.Maitland joint mobilization three times a week for four weeks was performed for bilateral ankle joint for the experimental group.The Control group were not given any exercises during the study protocol. At the end of 4 weeks, the outcome measures Functional Reach Test (FRT) andOne leg Stance Test (OLST) were assessed pre & post intervention in both the groups and the data was statistically analysed. Results: Intragroup analysis of both groups pre and post intervention showed statistically significant values for both the outcome measures FRT and OLST ( p value< 0.05). Intergroup analysis also showed statistically significant values for outcome measures inferring that experimental group was better than the control group (p value < 0.05). Conclusion:The study concludes that Ankle joint mobilisation helps in improving the dynamic balance in elderly individuals.
ABSTRACT
Background: The two major public health concerns that have enormous socio-economic as well as public health impact are smoking and LBP. Aim: To compare the effects of smoking on back extensor endurance. Methodology: 200, 100 smokers and 100 non-smokers, all males were taken within the age group of 30-50 years, and who have been smoking for the last 10 years or more. People with mechanical LBP and spinal pathology were excluded. These 200 subjects were included and divided into two groups. A(n=100 smokers)B (n=100 non-smokers).With adequate explanation and demonstration Seronson test was carried out to see the back extensor endurance time in two groups of subject. Data was obtained and smoking- index was correlated subsequently. BMI,VAS, SORENSON TEST. Were the outcome measures used. Results: 67 smokers and 31 non-smokers had low backache. The Sorenson time was significantly reduced in smokers with a mean endurance time of 44.89 and 96.39 in non-smokers. BMI is negatively related to Sorenson time and prolonged cough is a risk factor for low backache and also a dose- response relationship is found between the number of cigarettes / day and pain intensity. Conclusion: The back extensor endurance is reduced in smokers irrespective of backache. Increased BMI and cough is also associated with disabling low backache. Smoking index is positively related to back pain.
ABSTRACT
Plasma cell leukemia is a rare variant of multiple myeloma and this term is applied when the absolute plasma cell count is greater than 2x10⁹ /L or the relative plasma cell number is greater than 20% of the peripheral white blood cells. PCL may be primary or secondary. A 55 year old male presented to our outpatient department with complaints of lower back pain for four months, low grade fever off and on for two months, generalised weakness and loss of appetite for 20 days without prior history of multiple myeloma. His peripheral blood smear showed 26% plasmacytoid cells and bone marrow revealed predominantly plasma cell population (80%) with binucleate and trinucleate forms. Chemotherapy was started but unfortunately patient had expired. This case is presented due to its rare occurrence, presence of organomegaly and poor outcome.