ABSTRACT
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development involves various interrelated risk factors, including age, gender, obesity, and inactivity. However, research lacks insights into the risk factors within the minor ethnic Bishnupriya Manipuri community in Bangladesh. This study aimed to identify T2DM risk factors within this community. Methods: This survey-based prospective observational study was conducted in different villages of Kamalgonj Upazila under the Moulvibazar district in Bangladesh from March 2023 to June 2023 enrolled 280 individuals using purposive sampling. Data collection involved a questionnaire, verbal agreement, and diagnostic documentation. Analysis utilized Microsoft Office and the student抯 t-test. Results: Participants exhibited a 1:1.2 male-female ratio, with 64% aged 36-65. 43% were housewives, 55% engaged in moderate work, 15% smoked, and 41% had a family history of diabetes. Diabetic cases accounted for 39%, with an average age of 57.39�.99 years, significantly higher than non-diabetic cases (46.79�.93 years). Diabetic cases also showed significantly higher waist circumference (94.11�63 cm versus 84.71�.76 cm) and body mass index (BMI) (26.12�61 kg/m2 versus 21.44�97 kg/m2). Conclusions: T2DM predominantly affects older individuals in the Bishnupriya Manipuri community. Increased waist circumference, overweight, and obesity emerged as significant risk factors for T2DM within this population.
ABSTRACT
A review study was done by searching literature through PubMed. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is a life altering disease pathogenesis of which are not yet clearly known likewise its management protocol has not been established. Treatment of longstanding Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is empirical and of limited efficacy. This disease may lead to dreadful squeal which may need amputation for their management and few of these patients may even develop suicidal tendency. Patient with Reflex sympathetic dystrophy usually present late. It was found that the clinical presentation of RSD are too much variable, although different modalities of treatment are used either alone or in combination, the outcomes are often unpredictable and of variable efficacy. Understanding of the treatment modalities and proper selection of treatment option are essential for best outcome. Preventive measure does play a role in management of these patients. Option of treatment includes pharmacological method, sympathetic nervous system interruption, use of calcitonin and bisphosphonate. More study is required to find out the mechanism that triggers the pain and other clinical manifestation so that a standardized protocol for its management can be developed.