ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a rare benign inflammatory lesion characterized by sheets of lipid-laden foamy histiocytes. It has been reported in various organs, mainly the kidney and gall bladder. Xanthogranulomatous endometritis (XGE) is sporadic, with only a few cases reported in the English medical literature. Herein, we report a case of xanthogranulomatous endometritis with the formation of stones in a 50-year-old female patient with a prolapsed uterus. Grossly the endometrium was irregular, and the uterine cavity was filled with a yellow friable material, a polypoid growth, and yellowish stones. The microscopy showed sheets of histiocytes with few preserved endometrial glands. In this case, the xanthogranulomatous inflammation may mimic a clear cell carcinoma involving the endometrium and myometrium. One of the important differential diagnoses is malakoplakia. Immunohistochemistry and special stains are helpful in diagnosis.
ABSTRACT
Background: A new strain of Corona virus, SARS- CoV-2, emerged in the Wuhan city of China in December 2019. Due to fast and easy transmission of this respiratory virus the world was under a lockdown for a long time. The purpose of this study was to find out changes in behavior, mood and biological rhythm of people as a result of social distancing and isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: The study was conducted in the months of April and May 2020. This was the time when the lockdown was at its peak. It used a self-rating web based structured questionnaire formulated on Google forms which was circulated through different platforms for people to fill after giving their consents. Results: Highest numbers of respondents were from India (30.2%), USA (21.5%) and UK (11.5%). Our results showed that 46.3% subjects experienced an increase in problems related to sleep. Even though they were getting sufficient amounts of sleep, it was unstructured, and the quality of sleep was affected. The appetite was seen to be good with 68.2% reporting no changes. There was an increase in substance use in 43.8% of the participants while in the lockdown. Our study revealed that 34.2% participants had anxiety and 15.2% showed depressive symptoms. More than 50% respondent’s perceived lack of motivation, lack of energy, nervousness and irritability, and 13.4% reported having suicidal thoughts regularly. Conclusions: This data shows that social isolation due to the COVID-19 lockdown has caused significant changes in the mood, behavior and biological rhythm of people.
ABSTRACT
Progeria is characterized by clinical features that mimic premature ageing. Although the mutation responsible for this syndrome has been deciphered, the mechanism of its action remains elusive. Progeria research has gained momentum particularly in the last two decades because of the possibility of revealing evidences about the ageing process in normal and other pathophysiological conditions. Various experimental models, both in vivo and in vitro, have been developed in an effort to understand the cellular and molecular basis of a number of clinically heterogeneous rare genetic disorders that come under the umbrella of progeroid syndromes (PSs). As per the latest clinical trial reports, Lonafarnib, a farnesyltranferase inhibitor, is a potent ‘drug of hope’ for Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and has been successful in facilitating weight gain and improving cardiovascular and skeletal pathologies in progeroid children. This can be considered as the dawn of a new era in progeria research and thus, an apt time to review the research developments in this area highlighting the molecular aspects, experimental models, promising drugs in trial and their implications to gain a better understanding of PSs.
ABSTRACT
Nervous system lesions are characterized by the loss of neuronal numbers and types. The neurotrophic factor levels in an injured tissue reflect their potential for regeneration. This hypothesis was investigated in olfactory bulb (OB), where olfactory tract was surgically transected disrupting neuronal migration and turnover. The effects were followed with quantification of mitral cells and three neurotrophic factors mRNA levels for 6 weeks. The neuronal numbers decreased by 3rd- and 4th-week in transected OBs followed by their restoration, comparable with that of controls at 5th- and 6th-week. The endogenous levels of three neurotrophic factors – (brain derived neurotrophic factor, insulin growth factor-1 and fibroblast growth factor-2) using qPCR showed increase at 2nd-week by 136-, 8- and 2-fold respectively. Also, there was a significant increase in specific neurotrophic factors at 5th-week and 6th-weeks. The results propose a temporal link between deployment of neurotrophic factors and the plausible restorative events for mitral cell numbers in OB.