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1.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 78(6): 321-330, June 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1131719

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Diagnostic tools are necessary for the anamnesis and examination of orofacial pain, in order to fulfill diagnostic criteria and to screen potential causes of pain. Objective: To evaluate the Orofacial Pain Clinic Questionnaire (EDOF-HC) in the assessment and diagnosis of orofacial pain. Methods: Overall, 142 patients were evaluated and classified according to the criteria of the International Headache Society and International Association for the Study of Pain. All of them were evaluated with the EDOF-HC questionnaire, which consists of the orofacial and medical history, as well as the orofacial examination. Data were statistically analyzed with chi-square test and Bonferroni correction, one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test, the two-step cluster and decision tree methods. Results: There were diferences in pain descriptors, pain in maximum mouth opening, number of trigger points, and history of previous surgery between the groups, which were classified into trigeminal neuralgia, burning mouth syndrome, temporomandibular disorders and trigeminal posttraumatic neuropathic pain with classification analysis. Conclusions: The EDOF-HC is a clinical supportive tool for the assessment of orofacial pain. The instrument may be used to support data collection from anamnesis and examination of patients according to the diagnostic criteria of most common orofacial conditions. It is also useful in the investigation of local and systemic abnormalities and contributes for the diagnosis of conditions that depend on exclusion criteria.


RESUMO Introdução: Instrumentos diagnósticos são necessários para a anamnese e exame da dor orofacial, auxiliando na identificação das causas potenciais de dor. Objetivo: Avaliar o Questionário da Equipe de Dor Orofacial (EDOF-HC) na abordagem e diagnóstico da dor orofacial. Métodos: Ao todo, 142 pacientes foram avaliados e classificados de acordo com os critérios da Sociedade Internacional de Cefaleias e da Associação Internacional para o Estudo da Dor. Todos foram avaliados com o questionário EDOF-HC, que consiste na anamnese orofacial e médica, além do exame físico orofacial. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente com os testes qui-quadrado com correção de Bonferroni, ANOVA de um fator e post hoc de Tukey, além dos métodos de classificação em cluster e árvore decisória. Resultados: Houve diferenças entre os diagnósticos quanto aos descritores da dor, dor na abertura bucal máxima, número de pontos-gatilho mastigatórios e história prévia de cirurgia, o que esteve de acordo com a classificação nos diagnósticos de neuralgia do trigêmeo, síndrome da ardência bucal, disfunção temporomandibular e dor neuropática pós-traumática trigeminal. Conclusões: O Questionário da Equipe de Dor Orofacial (EDOF-HC) mostrou ser um instrumento de apoio para a avaliação da dor orofacial, útil na coleta de dados de anamnese e exame clínico dos pacientes, observando os principais sinais e sintomas relacionados aos critérios diagnósticos das condições orofaciais dolorosas mais comuns. Também é útil na avaliação de comorbidades locais e sistêmicas e contribui para o diagnóstico de condições que dependem em critérios de exclusão.


Subject(s)
Humans , Trigeminal Neuralgia/diagnosis , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/diagnosis , Facial Pain/diagnosis , Facial Pain/etiology , Facial Pain/physiopathology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Headache
2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 76(11): 743-750, Nov. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-973932

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate elderly patients in a geriatric service, along with their sensory characteristics and their association with clinical aspects. Methods: This was a descriptive longitudinal study. We enrolled 36 healthy participants of both sexes in this study. The following instruments were used and evaluations performed: clinical evaluation, Mini-Mental State Exam, and quantitative sensory testing. Results: During the follow-up, there was reduction of mean corpuscular volume at each evaluation (p < 0.001) and significant increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (p < 0.001). There was an increase of the olfactory (p < 0.001), salty (p = 0.024), sour (p = 0.020), bitter (p = 0.001), facial cold (p = 0.019), hand cold (p = 0.004), facial tactile (p < 0.001), hand tactile (p = 0.012) and facial vibration (p = 0.018) thresholds. Previous existing morbidities were associated with sensitivity changes in the individuals in this sample. Conclusion: This longitudinal study suggests that the loss of sensitivity with aging may be associated with the presence of morbidities in elders.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar pacientes idosos em um serviço de geriatria, juntamente com as características sensitivas e sua associação com aspectos clínicos. Métodos: Este é um estudo longitudinal descritivo. Foram avaliados 36 sujeitos saudáveis de ambos os sexos. Os seguintes instrumentos e avaliações foram realizados: Avaliação clínica, Mini Exame de Estado Mental (Mini-Mental) e testes sensitivos quantitativos. Resultados: Durante o acompanhamento houve redução do volume corpuscular médio (VCM) em cada avaliação (P < 0,001) e aumento significativo das concentrações de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM) (P < 0,001). Houve aumento dos limiares olfativos (p < 0,001), salgado (p = 0,024), azedo (p = 0,020), amargo (p = 0,001), frio face (p = 0,019), frio mão (p = 0,004), tato face (p < 0,001), tato mão (p = 0.012) e vibração face (p = 0,018). Morbidades prévias foram associadas às alterações de sensibilidade nos indivíduos desta amostra. Conclusão: Este estudo longitudinal sugere que a perda de sensibilidade no envelhecimento pode estar associada à presença de morbidades em idosos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Sensory Thresholds/physiology , Aging/physiology , Olfactory Perception/physiology , Smell/physiology , Taste/physiology , Longitudinal Studies , Health Services for the Aged
4.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 32: e51, 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-952153

ABSTRACT

Abstract Orofacial pain and temporomandibular dysfunction may cause chronic facial pain, which may interfere with the emotional state and food intake of patients with eating disorders (ED), such as anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Sixty-four patients were assigned to four groups: Group A (AN - restricting subtype): 07; Group B (AN - purging subtype ): 19; Group C (BN): 16; and Group D (control): 22. Complaints of pain are more prevalent in individuals with eating disorders (p<0.004). There are differences between the presence of myofascial pain and the number of hospitalizations (p = 0.046) and the presence of sore throat (p=0.05). There was a higher prevalence of masticatory myofascial pain and complaints of pain in other parts of the body in ED patients; however, there was no difference between ED subgroups. There was no difference in the number of self-induced vomiting between ED patients with and without myofascial pain.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Facial Pain/epidemiology , Anorexia Nervosa/epidemiology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/epidemiology , Bulimia Nervosa/epidemiology , Severity of Illness Index , Facial Pain/physiopathology , Brazil/epidemiology , Anorexia Nervosa/physiopathology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Analysis of Variance , Statistics, Nonparametric , Bulimia Nervosa/physiopathology , Chronic Pain/physiopathology , Chronic Pain/epidemiology , Middle Aged
5.
Rev. dor ; 18(1): 65-71, Jan.-Mar. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-845166

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Visceral pain is induced by abnormalities of organs such as stomach, kidneys, bladder, gallbladder, intestines and others and includes distension, ischemia, inflammation and mesenteric traction. It is responsible for physical and psychic incapacity, absenteeism and poor quality of life. This study aimed at discussing major aspects of visceral pain with regard to prevalence, etiology and diagnosis. CONTENTS: According to Evidence-Based Medicine concepts, visceral pain etiology, diagnosis and prognosis were reviewed in LILACS, EMBASE and Pubmed databases. Therapeutic studies were not selected. The following terms were used as search strategy: ("visceral pain"[MeSH Terms] OR ("visceral"[All Fields] AND "pain"[All Fields]) OR "visceral pain"[All Fields]). Only studies published in Portuguese, English or Spanish were included. Narrative reviews with opinionated content and specific therapeutic procedures of medical specialties were excluded. Studies on visceral pain related to heart, cancer and musculoskeletal diseases and pregnancy were also excluded. CONCLUSION: Visceral pain is a heterogeneous condition where most frequent presentation is abdominal pain in the course of irritable bowel syndrome. Other diseases induce visceral pain and adequate diagnosis is critical for effective treatment.


RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor visceral é causada por anormalidades de órgãos como o estômago, rim, bexiga, vesícula biliar, intestinos ou outros e inclui distensão, isquemia, inflamação e tração do mesentério. É responsável por incapacidade física e psíquica, absenteísmo do trabalho e má qualidade de vida. O objetivo deste estudo foi discutir os principais aspectos da dor visceral relacionados a prevalência, etiologia e diagnóstico. CONTEÚDO: Foram revisados segundo os preceitos da Medicina Baseada em Evidência os enfoques etiológicos, diagnóstico e prognóstico da dor visceral nas bases de indexações biomédicas, LILACS, EMBASE e Pubmed. Não foram selecionados os estudos terapêuticos. Utilizou-se como estratégia de busca os termos: ("visceral pain"[MeSH Terms] OR ("visceral"[All Fields] AND "pain"[All Fields]) OR "visceral pain"[All Fields]). Somente foram incluídos os estudos publicados em português, inglês ou espanhol. Foram excluídas as revisões narrativas de conteúdo opinativo e procedimentos terapêuticos específicos das especialidades médicas. Também foram excluídos os estudos sobre dor visceral relacionada às doenças do coração, neoplásicas, musculoesqueléticas e a gestação. CONCLUSÃO: A dor visceral é uma condição heterogênea, cuja apresentação mais frequente é de dor abdominal no curso de síndrome do intestino irritável. Outras doenças cursam com dor visceral e o diagnóstico adequado é fundamental para o tratamento eficaz.

6.
Rev. dor ; 17(2): 93-95, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-787994

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To observe the efficacy of pain management by means of an educational proposal to address patients with trigeminal neuralgia, which is a chronic pain with high daily activity limitation rates. METHODS: Eight patients being treated of trigeminal neuralgia participated in weekly meetings on pain in a general reference hospital. Patients had uncontrollable pain in spite of treatments so they would come very frequently to the hospital (once every one or two weeks). Patients were invited to participate in a series of meetings (four) to receive information and discuss about the disease and pain. RESULTS: There has been increased interval between appointments for two patients, who went from weekly to biannual visits, and six patients were discharged with controlled symptoms. CONCLUSION: Education on pain has helped its management and coping by patients, by means of understanding their condition, in addition to improving their abilities to deal with it, decreasing hospital visits due to less pain recurrence.


RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Verificar a eficácia do tratamento da dor, por meio de uma proposta educativa para a abordagem de pacientes com neuralgia do trigêmeo, uma dor crônica com alto índice de limitações em atividades diárias. MÉTODOS: Oito pacientes com neuralgia do trigêmeo em tratamento frequentaram encontros semanais sobre a dor em um hospital geral de referência. Eles apresentavam dor incontrolável apesar dos tratamentos e por isso compareciam em atendimentos com alta frequência (1 vez a cada 1 ou 2 semanas). Eles foram convidados a participar de uma série de encontros (4) para receber informações e discutir sobre a doença e a dor. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que houve um aumento nos intervalos de tempo entre as consultas de 2 pacientes, que passaram de visitas semanais para bienais, e 6 pacientes tiveram alta e controle dos sintomas. CONCLUSÃO: Educação em dor auxiliou no seu manuseio pelos pacientes e em seu enfrentamento, por meio do entendimento de sua condição e no aumento de habilidades para lidar com ela, reduzindo visitas ao ambulatório por conta da menor recorrência de dor.

7.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 74(3): 195-200, Mar. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-777132

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To identify temporomandibular disorders (TMD) symptoms in two groups of fibromyalgia patients according to the temporal relation between the onset of facial pain (FP) and generalized body pain (GBP). Cross-sectional study design: Fifty-three consecutive women with fibromyalgia and FP were stratified according to the onset of orofacial pain: Group-A (mean age 47.30 ± 14.20 years old), onset of FP preceded GBP; Group-B (mean age 51.33 ± 11.03 years old), the FP started concomitant or after GBP. Clinical assessment Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders and the Visual Analogue Scale. Results Myofascial pain with mouth opening limitation (p = 0.038); right disc displacement with reduction (p = 0.012) and jaw stiffness (p = 0.004) were predominant in Group A. Myofascial pain without mouth opening limitation (p = 0.038) and numbness/burning were more common in Group B. Conclusion All patients had temporomandibular joint symptoms, mainly muscle disorders. The prevalence of myofascial pain with limited mouth opening and right TMJ disc displacement with reduction were higher in Group A.


RESUMO Objetivo Identificar sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) em dois grupos de pacientes fibromiálgicas, segundo a relação temporal entre o início da dor facial (DF) e das dores generalizadas no corpo (DGC). Estudo transversal: 53 pacientes consecutivas com fibromialgia e DF foram divididas de acordo com o início da dor orofacial: Grupo A (média de idade 47,30 ± 14,20anos), o início da DF precedeu o da DGC; Grupo-B (idade média 51,33 ± 11,03anos), a DF iniciou concomitantemente ou após a DGC. Avaliação clínica: Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) e escala visual analógica (EVA). Resultados Dor miofascial com limitação de abertura bucal (p = 0,038); deslocamento de disco à direita com redução (p = 0,012) e rigidez mandibular (p = 0,004) foram predominantes no Grupo A. Dor miofascial sem limitação de abertura bucal (p = 0,038) e dormência/queimação foram mais comuns no Grupo-B. Conclusão Todos os pacientes tiveram sintomas de DTM, principalmente disfunção muscular. A prevalência de dor miofascial com limitação de abertura bucal e deslocamento de disco à direita com redução foi maior no Grupo A.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Facial Pain/physiopathology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/complications , Fibromyalgia/complications , Pain Measurement , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathology , Fibromyalgia/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Range of Motion, Articular
8.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 30(1): e15, 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-952029

ABSTRACT

Abstract This cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the effect of sleep bruxism, awake bruxism and parafunctional habits, both separately and cumulatively, on the likelihood of adolescents to present painful TMD. The study was conducted on a sample of 1,094 adolescents (aged 12-14). The presence of painful TMD was assessed using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, Axis I. Data on sleep bruxism, awake bruxism and parafunctional habits (nail/pen/pencil/lip/cheek biting, resting one's head on one's hand, and gum chewing) were researched by self-report. After adjusting for potential demographic confounders using logistic regression, each of the predictor variables (sleep bruxism, awake bruxism and parafunctional habits) was significantly associated with painful TMD. In addition, the odds for painful TMD were higher in the concomitant presence of two (OR=4.6, [95%CI=2.06, 10.37]) or three predictor (OR=13.7, [95%CI=5.72, 32.96]) variables. These findings indicate that the presence of concomitant muscle activities during sleep and awake bruxism and parafunctional habits increases the likelihood almost linearly of adolescents to present painful TMD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Facial Pain/physiopathology , Bruxism/physiopathology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathology , Habits , Pain Measurement , Brazil , Chewing Gum/adverse effects , Sex Factors , Epidemiologic Methods , Risk Factors , Masticatory Muscles/physiopathology
9.
Rev. dor ; 17(supl.1): 75-78, 2016.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-795179

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To carry out a literature review on major orofacial neuropathic pains, their differential diagnosis and therapies. CONTENTS: Neuropathic pains may be classified as episodic or continuous. They may be unilateral and more infrequently bilateral. They may last for seconds, hours or days and may present as electrical shock or burning pain, favorably responding to pharmacological treatment. There are situations in which the first therapeutic choice is dental surgery and/or neurosurgery, especially in cases of malignancies. Without accurate diagnosis there is major possibility of poor results. Diagnosis is based on clinical history associated to pain quality, duration and clinical, surgical or combined therapeutic response. Additional exams may be needed in some cases, such as standard periapical radiography of the area to be investigated, panoramic X-rays, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance of the skull base for possible diagnostic confirmation. Treatment may be conservative using anticonvulsants associated or not to antidepressants, local anesthetic infiltration with or without steroid, and orofacial and neurosurgical procedures. CONCLUSION: Health professionals acting in the area of orofacial pain have to be able to establish the differential diagnosis of different neuropathic orofacial pains, since they may have similar clinical presentations involving a same facial territory in a same temporal space, responding differently to the same therapies. Understanding all of this makes available basically two favorable outcomes: improved quality of life or cure of existing neuropathic pain.


RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre as principais dores orofaciais neuropáticas seu diagnóstico diferencial e as suas terapias. CONTEÚDO: As dores neuropáticas podem ser classificadas em episódicas ou continuas. Pode ter caráter unilateral e, mais raramente, de forma bilateral. Podem durar segundos, ou horas a dias. Ter uma natureza em choque elétrico, ou em queimação. Respondem, favoravelmente, ao emprego farmacológico. Há situações em que a primeira escolha terapêutica é a cirúrgica odontológica, e/ou neurocirúrgica principalmente nos casos de neoplasias. Sem o correto diagnóstico há grande possibilidade de um fraco resultado. Esse se baseia na história clínica associada à qualidade da dor, duração e a resposta terapêutica clínica, cirúrgica ou combinada. Pode ser necessário, em alguns casos, solicitar-se exames complementares, como radiografia periapical padrão da área a ser investigada, radiografia panorâmica, tomografia computadorizada e exame de ressonância nuclear magnética nuclear da base do crânio no intuito de uma possível confirmação diagnóstica. O tratamento pode ser clínico conservador utilizando anticonvulsivantes associados ou não a antidepressivos, infiltração anestésica local, com ou sem corticosteroide e procedimentos orofaciais e neurocirúrgicos. CONCLUSÃO: Os profissionais da área da saúde, que medeiam na área da dor orofacial, têm de serem capazes de estabelecer o diagnóstico diferencial das diferentes algias orofaciais neuropáticas, uma vez que podem apresentar quadros clínicos similares envolvendo um mesmo território facial em um mesmo espaço temporal, respondendo diferentemente as mesmas terapêuticas. A compreensão de tudo isso, disponibiliza basicamente dois desfechos favoráveis: a melhora da qualidade de vida do paciente ou a cura da dor neuropática presente.

10.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 73(7): 578-581, 07/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-752383

ABSTRACT

The objective was to investigate the effect of nitrous/oxygen in chronic pain. Seventy-seven chronic pain patients referred to dental treatment with conscious sedation with nitrous oxide/oxygen had their records included in this research. Data were collected regarding the location and intensity of pain by the visual analogue scale before and after the treatment. Statistical analysis was performed comparing pre- and post-treatment findings. It was observed a remarkable decrease in the prevalence of pain in this sample (only 18 patients still had chronic pain, p < 0.001) and in its intensity (p < 0.001). Patients that needed fewer sessions received higher proportions of nitrous oxide/oxygen. Nitrous oxide may be a tool to be used in the treatment of chronic pain, and future prospective studies are necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms and the effect of nitrous oxide/oxygen in patients according to the pain diagnosis and other characteristics.


O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito do óxido nitroso na dor crônica. Os prontuários de 77 pacientes com dor crônica submetidos a tratamento odontológico com sedação consciente (óxido nitroso/oxigênio) foram incluídos. Os dados sobre localização e intensidade de dor pela escala visual analógica foram considerados, e foi realizada comparação e análise estatística entre os momentos pré- e pós-tratamento. Foi observada redução marcante na prevalência de dor nesta amostra (apenas 18 doentes ainda tinham dor, p < 0,001) e na intensidade de dor (p < 0,001). Os doentes que precisaram de menor quantidade de sessões receberam maiores proporções de óxido nitroso/oxigênio. Em conclusão, pode-se considerar o oxido nitroso como uma ferramenta a ser investigada no tratamento da dor crônica em estudos futuros prospectivos, que poderão identificar os mecanismos associados de acordo com o diagnóstico de dor e outras características.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Anesthetics, Inhalation/therapeutic use , Chronic Pain/drug therapy , Conscious Sedation/methods , Dental Care/methods , Nitrous Oxide/therapeutic use , Epidemiologic Methods , Mouth Diseases/therapy , Pain Measurement , Sex Factors , Treatment Outcome , Visual Analog Scale
11.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 72(12): 919-924, 02/12/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-731043

ABSTRACT

Oral infections may play a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective To describe the orofacial pain, dental characteristics and associated factors in patients with Alzheimer's Disease that underwent dental treatment. Method 29 patients with mild AD diagnosed by a neurologist were included. They fulfilled the Mini Mental State Exam and Pfeffer's questionnaire. A dentist performed a complete evaluation: clinical questionnaire; research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders; McGill pain questionnaire; oral health impact profile; decayed, missing and filled teeth index; and complete periodontal investigation. The protocol was applied before and after the dental treatment. Periodontal treatments (scaling), extractions and topic nystatin were the most frequent. Results There was a reduction in pain frequency (p=0.014), mandibular functional limitations (p=0.011) and periodontal indexes (p<0.05), and an improvement in quality of life (p=0.009) and functional impairment due to cognitive compromise (p<0.001) after the dental treatment. Orofacial complaints and intensity of pain also diminished. Conclusion The dental treatment contributed to reduce co-morbidities associated with AD and should be routinely included in the assessment of these patients. .


Infecções orais podem ter um papel na doença de Alzheimer (DA). Objetivo Descrever as características orofaciais, dor, odontológicas e fatores associados em doentes com DA submetidos a tratamento dentário. Método 29 doentes diagnosticados com DA por neurologista foram avaliados através do Mini Exame do Estado Mental e questionário Pfeffer. O exame odontológico foi realizado antes e depois do tratamento dentário e incluiu: questionário clínico; critérios diagnósticos de pesquisa para disfunção temporomandibular; questionário de dor McGill; protocolo de impacto de saúde oral; dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados; e avaliação periodontal. Os procedimentos mais frequentes foram raspagem periodontal, exodontias e prescrição de nistatina tópica. Resultados Houve uma redução na frequência de dor (p=0,014), limitações mandibulares (p=0,011), índices periodontais (p<0.05), e melhora na qualidade de vida (p=0,009) e no comprometimento funcional e cognitivo (p<0,001) após o tratamento dentário. Queixas orofaciais e intensidade de dor também diminuíram. Conclusão O tratamento dentário contribuiu para reduzir comorbidades associadas à DA e deveria ser incluído na rotina de avaliação desses pacientes. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Alzheimer Disease , Cognition/physiology , Facial Pain/therapy , Mouth Diseases/therapy , Cognition Disorders/physiopathology , DMF Index , Neuropsychological Tests , Oral Health , Oral Hygiene , Pain Measurement , Quality of Life , Statistics, Nonparametric , Surveys and Questionnaires , Treatment Outcome , Visual Analog Scale
12.
Rev. dor ; 15(3): 215-223, Jul-Sep/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-725716

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adequate opioid use in the short and long term, as well as diagnosis, management of adverse effects, abuse and chemical dependence of such agents are still an investigation area for many researchers. This study aimed at discussing actions for monitoring, diagnosing and managing adverse effects common to those drugs. CONTENTS: This article addresses diagnosis and management of common opioid adverse effects, as well as abuse and chemical dependence, discussing the frequency of such alterations, the pharmacological and complementary management, risks associated to therapy and most relevant recommendations. CONCLUSION: Several are the effects of acute or chronic opioid administration. A recommended strategy is to monitor, diagnose the occurrence and adequately treat effects so that there is no damage for patients needing such substances, thus preventing therapy interruption...


JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O emprego adequado de opioides em curto e em longo prazo, assim como o diagnóstico, o tratamento dos efeitos adversos, o abuso e a dependência química desses agentes continuam sendo um campo de investigação de vários pesquisadores. O objetivo deste estudo foi discutir as ações para a monitoração, diagnóstico e tratamento dos efeitos adversos comuns a esses fármacos. CONTEÚDO: Neste artigo abordou-se o diagnóstico e tratamento dos efeitos adversos comuns dos opioides, assim como abuso e dependência química, discutindo a frequência dessas alterações, o tratamento farmacológico e complementar, os riscos associados à terapêutica e as recomendações mais importantes. CONCLUSÃO: São variados os efeitos adversos decorrentes da administração aguda ou crônica de opioides. Uma estratégia recomendada é monitorar, diagnosticar a ocorrência e tratar os efeitos de forma adequada para que não haja prejuízo para o paciente que necessita dessas substâncias, evitando a interrupção da terapêutica...


Subject(s)
Humans , Analgesics, Opioid , Pharmaceutical Preparations
13.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 8(2): 247-252, set. 2014. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-722896

ABSTRACT

The aim of this research is to determine the impact of periodontal treatment on the quality of life of patients with concomitant chronic headache or facial pain and periodontal disease. Thirty-eight consecutive patients with chronic periodontal disease were divided according to the presence of chronic craniofacial pain (CFP):Study Group-with CFP and Control Group-without CFP. They were evaluated with the Clinical protocol of the Orofacial Pain Clinic, the WHOQOL-bref and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. All patients received periodontal treatment. The Study Group presented worst quality of life than the Control Group. Nevertheless, the Study Group showed trend improvement in the psychological score (p=0.06) and affective descriptors at the McGill Pain Questionnaire improved (p=0.014) after periodontal treatment. There were no significant changes in quality of life from pre- to post- operatory evaluations in both groups (p>0.05). We conclued that chronic craniofacial pain sufferers presented worst score at physical and psychological domain of quality of life, however there was an improvement in their psychological state 180 days after periodontal treatment.


El objetivo fue determinar el impacto del tratamiento periodontal sobre la calidad de vida de los pacientes con cefalea crónica concomitante o dolor facial y enfermedad periodontal. Treinta y ocho pacientes consecutivos con enfermedad periodontal crónica fueron divididos de acuerdo a la presencia de dolor craneofacial crónico (CFC); grupo de estudio con CFC y el grupo control, sin CFC. Fueron evaluados con el protocolo clínico de la Clínica del Dolor Orofacial, el WHOQOL-bref y el cuestionario de dolor McGill. Todos los pacientes recibieron tratamiento periodontal. El grupo estudio presentó peor calidad de vida que el grupo control. No obstante, el Grupo de estudio mostró una tendencia de mejoría en la puntuación psicológica (p=0,06 ) y los descriptores afectivos en el cuestionario de dolor de McGill tambien mejoraron (p=0,014 ) después del tratamiento periodontal. No hubo cambios significativos en la calidad de vida de las evaluaciones pre y postoperatorias en ambos grupos (p>0,05). Concluimos que los pacientes de dolor crónico craneofaciales presentaron peor puntuación en el dominio físico y psicológico de la calidad de vida, sin embargo, hubo una mejoría en su estado psicológico 180 días después del tratamiento periodontal.

14.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 8(2): 273-277, set. 2014. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-722900

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal condition and the metabolic control of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 were evaluated pre- and post (30 days) treatment of the periodontitis through the following exams: glycemia, glycosylated hemoglobin, plaque index, gingival bleeding index and periodontal pocket depth index. Periodontal treatment consisted of: Scaling, root planning and plaque control, associated with systemic antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin. Seventeen patients (12 women and 5 men; mean age = 55.94 years) were included. The chief complaints were: gingival bleeding (n=13); gingival pain (n=8), tooth mobility (n=3), gingival swelling (n=2) and halitosis (n=2). The mean time of these complaints ranged from 2 months to 20 years. None of them had ever received guidance on oral hygiene or dental assessment. There was a reduction in the following indexes (30 days after the periodontal treatment): plaque, from 41.79±24% to 12.26±13%) (p0.0005), gingival bleeding from 51.58±25%) to 15.77±15% (p0.0005), periodontal pocket depth from 0.98±0.91 mm to 1.76±0.63 mm) (p0.0005). In 15 patients there was a reduction in the glycosylated hemoglobin (10.85±3.03% to 8.72±1.68%) (p0.0005). This preliminary study shows that patients of this sample had chronic and severe periodontal disease; there was a reduction in the glycosylated hemoglobin levels, but not of glycemia, 30 days after periodontal treatment. Long-standing studies are necessary; however patients with diabetes mellitus need control of chronic infections, including periodontal disease.


El objetivo fue evaluar la condición periodontal y el control metabólico de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. En los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 se evaluaron previo y posterior (30 días) al tratamiento de la periodontitis los siguientes exámenes: glucemia, hemoglobina glicosilada, índice de placa bacteriana, índice de sangrado gingival e índice de profundidad de la bolsa periodontal. El tratamiento periodontal consistió en: curetage, alisado radicular y control de placa, asociado a la terapia sistémica antibiótica con amoxicilina. Se evaluaron 17 pacientes (12 mujeres y 5 hombres, con una edad media de 55,94 años). Las principales complicaciones fueron: sangrado gingival (n= 13), dolor gingival (n= 8), movilidad dental (n= 3), edema gingival (n= 2) y halitosis (n= 2). El tiempo medio de estas complicaciones varió entre 2 meses y 20 años. Ninguno de ellos reconoció haber recibido orientación sobre higiene oral o evaluación dental. Hubo una reducción (30 días después del tratamiento periodontal) en los siguientes índices: placa, de 41,79±24% a 12,26±13%) (p0,0005); sangrado gingival, de 51,58±25%) a 15,77±15% (p0,0005), profundidad de la bolsa periodontal, de 0,98±0,91 mm a 1,76±0,63 mm) (p0,0005). En 15 pacientes se observó una reducción en la hemoglobina glucosilada (10,85±3,03% a 8,72±1,68%) (p0,0005). Observamos que los pacientes de esta muestra tenían enfermedad periodontal crónica y severa; que hubo una reducción en los niveles de hemoglobina glucosilada, pero no de la glucemia, 30 días después del tratamiento periodontal. Estudios longitudinales son necesarias, sin embargo los pacientes con diabetes mellitus requieren control de las infecciones crónicas, como la enfermedad periodontal.

15.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 8(2): 279-287, set. 2014. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-722901

ABSTRACT

Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic infection that may have local and systemic rebound. Although a series of inflammatory mediators are involved in PD, the mechanisms involved in chronic craniofacial pain associated with it require elucidation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoreactivity of substance P (SP), neuronal (nNOS) and inducible (iNOS) nitric oxide synthases in gingival samples of patients with severe PD with and without chronic craniofacial pain. Gingival specimens were obtained during routine periodontal surgery while managing 20 patients with both PD and chronic craniofacial pain (CFP Group) and 18 patients with only PD (PD Group). Following surgical removal, the tissue underwent routine histological techniques and was stained by immunohistochemistry with antibodies against SP, nNOS and iNOS. Using an image analysis system, we assessed the SP, nNOS and iNOS content in total gingival tissue as well as in both epithelial and connective gingival area. We observed high expression of nNOS in gingival tissue obtained from CFP patients (p<0.001), particularly in the epithelium area (p<0.001) comparatively to PD patients. In addition, the iNOS expression was also increased in the CFP group in the connective gingival tissue (p=0.003). There was no difference concerning SP expression between the groups. Our results suggest that nitric oxide, particularly derived from nNOS, modulates not only PD but also chronic craniofacial pain, since patients with this association presented an increase in nNOS and iNOS expression in gingival tissue.


La enfermedad periodontal (EP) es una patología crónica que pueden tener acción local y sistémica. A pesar de que hay una serie de mediadores inflamatorios implicados en la EP, los mecanismos implicados en el dolor craneofacial crónico asociado con la EP aún no están elucidados. El objetivo fue evaluar la inmunoreactividad de la sustancia P (SP), óxido nítrico sintetasas neuronal (nNOS) e inducible (iNOS) en muestras gingivales de pacientes con enfermedad periodontal severa con y sin dolor craneofacial crónico. Fueron obtenidas muestras gingivales durante la cirugía periodontal rutinaria de 20 pacientes que presentaron con EP y dolor craneofacial crónico (Grupo PPC) y 18 pacientes sólo con PD (Grupo PD). Después de la extirpación quirúrgica, el tejido se sometió a las técnicas histológicas de rutina y se tiñó por inmunohistoquímica con anticuerpos contra el SP, nNOS e iNOS. Se evaluaron el contenido de SP, nNOS e iNOS en el tejido gingival total, así como la superficie gingival, epitelio y tejido conectivo mediante análisis de imagen. Se observó alta expresión de nNOS en el tejido gingival obtenido a partir de pacientes PPC (p<0,001) en comparación a los pacientes con EP, particularmente en el área de epitelio (p<0,001). Además, la expresión de iNOS se incrementó en el tejido conjuntivo gingival (p= 0,003) del grupo PPC. No hubo diferencia en la expresión de SP entre los grupos. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el óxido nítrico, en particular derivado de nNOS, modula no sólo PD, sino también el dolor craneofacial crónico, ya que los pacientes con esta asociación presentan un aumento de la expresión de nNOS e iNOS en el tejido gingival.

16.
Rev. dor ; 15(2): 87-90, Apr-Jun/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-713045

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Temporomandibular disorders are functional and/or structural temporomandibular joint changes, of multifactorial origin, thus difficult to treat. So, acupuncture is a very useful alternative to handle such disorders. This study aimed at evaluating in adults with temporomandibular disorders, after at least 12 months of acupuncture treatment, whether results were maintained. METHODS: Participated in the study 20 patients with temporomandibular disorders, treated in the acupuncture clinic of the Dentistry School of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, who were evaluated in the beginning, immediately after treatment and at least 12 months after treatment, through the visual analog scale (VAS). Patients' history was obtained in the initial visit, according to Traditional Chinese Medicine patterns, being checked pain intensity reported by patients (VAS0). Acupuncture was performed aiming at the energetic balance according to diagnosed pattern and reported pain (VAS1) was again evaluated at treatment completion (mean of six sessions lasting 20 minutes). Patients were revaluated (VAS2) after at least 12 months (12 to 18 months). ANOVA was used to compare moments initial, post-treatment and one year after, with significance of 5%. RESULTS: Means for VAS0, VAS1 and VAS2 were 5.9, 1.65 and 2.45, respectively. There has been statistical difference between VAS0 and VAS1 (p<0.01) and between VAS0 and VAS2 (p<0.01), however not between VAS1 and VAS2 (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Data have shown that acupuncture treatment in adults with temporomandibular disorders has decreased pain and that such decrease was maintained for at least 12 months. .


JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As disfunções temporomandibulares são alterações funcionais e/ou estruturais das articulações temporomandibulares, de origem multifatorial e, portanto de difícil tratamento. Sendo assim, a acupuntura apresenta-se como uma alternativa muito útil no manuseio dessas disfunções. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar em adultos com disfunções temporomandibulares, após no mínimo 12 meses do tratamento com acupuntura, se houve manutenção dos resultados. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 20 pacientes com disfunções temporomandibulares, na clínica de acupuntura da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, ao início, imediatamente após tratamento e após no mínimo 12 meses do tratamento com acupuntura, através da escala analógica visual (EAV). Na consulta inicial foi realizada uma anamnese segundo os padrões da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa sendo verificada a intensidade de dor relatada pelo paciente (EAV0). A acupuntura foi realizada buscando-se o equilíbrio energético de acordo com o padrão diagnosticado, sendo ao final do tratamento (em média seis sessões de 20 minutos) avaliada novamente a dor relatada (EAV1). Após no mínimo 12 meses (12 a 18 meses) os pacientes foram reavaliados (EAV2). Utilizou-se a ANOVA para comparação entre os momentos inicial, pós-tratamento e após um ano, com significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: As médias para EAV0, EAV1 e EAV2 foram 5,9, 1,65 e 2,45 respectivamente. Houve diferença estatística entre EAV0 e EAV1 (p<0,01), e entre EAV0 e EAV2 (p<0,01), porém não entre EAV1 e EAV2 (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Os dados apontaram que o tratamento com acupuntura em adultos com disfunção temporomandibular reduziu a dor e que essa redução ...

17.
Rev. dor ; 15(2): 126-132, Apr-Jun/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-713046

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The use of opioids as first and second line agents to adequately treat pain requires systematization in different clinical syndromes which course with acute pain. This study aimed at discussing recommendations for the use of opioids in acute postoperative pain, neuropathic pain, musculoskeletal pain and pain during gestation and lactation. CONTENTS: This review has addressed the use of opioids in frequent chronic and acute painful syndromes, in gestation and lactation, discussing indications, drugs used, doses, risks, complications and recommendations. CONCLUSION: Opioids for acute postoperative pain have been broadly studied and are established for minor medium and major surgeries. Recommendations for the use of opioids in neuropathic and musculoskeletal pain are restricted to second line treatment and require further discussions. Few studies have investigated the interaction of opioids with physiologic changes typical of gestation and the repercussions of the use of such agents to treat acute and chronic pain in the short and long term. .


JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O emprego de opioides como agentes de primeira e segunda linha no tratamento da dor ainda é motivo de discussão na literatura. O uso de opioides de maneira adequada exige sistematização em diversas síndromes clínicas que cursam com dor aguda e crônica. O objetivo deste estudo foi discutir recomendações para o emprego de opioides na dor aguda de pós-operatório, na dor neuropática, na dor musculoesquelética e na dor durante a gestação e lactação. CONTEÚDO: Nesta revisão abordou-se o emprego de opioides em síndromes dolorosas agudas e crônicas frequentes, na gestação e lactação discutindo as indicações, os fármacos utilizados, as doses, os riscos, as complicações e as recomendações. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de opioides na dor aguda pós-operatória tem sido bem estudado e está estabelecido em cirurgias de pequeno, médio e grande porte. As recomendações para o emprego de opioides na dor neuropática e musculoesquelética são restritas à segunda linha de tratamento e exigem futuras discussões. Poucos estudos investigaram a interação dos opioides com as alterações fisiológicas próprias da gestação e as repercussões do emprego desses agentes no tratamento da dor aguda e crônica em curto e em longo prazo. .

18.
Rev. dor ; 15(1): 65-69, Jan-Mar/2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-705351

ABSTRACT

Justificativa e objetivos: O tratamento da dor nos extremos de idade e na criança ainda exige atenção e revisão de paradigmas. Inúmeras são as doenças ou procedimentos que provocam dor desde o período neonatal até a adolescência. Nos idosos, há maior prevalência de doenças degenerativas que cursam com dor aguda e crônica. O objetivo deste estudo foi discutir recomendações para o emprego de opioides no neonato, na criança e no idoso. Conteudo: Nesta revisão foi abordado o emprego de opioides no período neonatal, em crianças maiores e nos idosos, suas indicações, fármacos usados, doses, riscos, complicações e recomendações. Conclusão: O emprego de opioides em extremos de idade ainda é um desafio. No entanto, é necessária a educação continuada em torno do tema, estimulando a pesquisa clínica e a construção de recomendações baseadas em evidências. O uso seguro desses agentes na indicação e proporção corretas para o alívio da dor diminui riscos e deve ser a base da boa conduta clínica.


Background and objectives: Pain management in age extremes and in children still requires attention and paradigms review. There are several diseases or procedures inducing pain from the neonatal period to adolescence. In the elderly, there is higher prevalence of degenerative diseases which induce acute and chronic pain. This study aimed at discussing recommendations for the use of opioid in neonates, children and the elderly. Contents: This review has addressed the use of opioids in the neonatal period, in older children and in the elderly, their indications, drugs used, doses, risks, complications and recommendations. Conclusion: The use of opioids in age extremes is still a challenge. However, ongoing education about the subject is needed, encouraging clinical trials and the development of evidence-based recommendations. The safe use of such agents in correct indication and proportion for pain relief decreases risks and should be the basis for good clinical practice.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Child , Aged , Analgesics, Opioid , Pain
19.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 72(2): 91-98, 02/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-702554

ABSTRACT

Objective : To assess the efficacy of anti-xerostomic topical medication (urea 10%) in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Method : Thirty-eight subjects diagnosed with BMS according to the International Association for the Study of Pain guidelines were randomized to either placebo (5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 0.15% methyl paraben, and 10% glycerol in distilled water qsp 100 g) or treatment (urea 10%) to be applied to the oral cavity 3-4 times per day for 3 months. The patients were evaluated before and after treatment with the following instruments: the EDOF-HC protocol (Orofacial Pain Clinic – Hospital das Clínicas), a xerostomia questionnaire, and quantitative sensory testing. Results : There were no differences in salivary flow or gustative, olfactory, or sensory thresholds (P>0.05). Fifteen (60%) patients reported improvement with the treatments (P=0.336). Conclusion : In conclusion, there were no differences between groups, and both exhibited an association between reported improvement and salivation. .


Objetivo : Avaliar a eficácia do uso de medicação tópica anti xerostomica (ureia 10%) em pacientes com síndrome de ardência bucal. Método : Trinta e oito sujeitos diagnosticados com síndrome de ardência bucal de acordo com os critérios da Associação Internacional para Estudo da Dor foram randomizados para grupo placebo (5% de carboximetilcelulose de sódio, 0,15% de metilparabeno e 10% de glicerol em água destilada qsp 100g) ou grupo tratamento (ureia 10%) para ser aplicada na cavidade oral 3-4 vezes ao dia, durante três meses. Os pacientes foram avaliados antes e depois do tratamento: protocolo EDOF-HC, questionário de xerostomia, testes sensitivos quantitativos. Resultados : Não houve diferenças no fluxo salivar, limiares gustativos, olfativos e somestésicos (Mann-Whitney P>0,05). Quinze (60%) dos pacientes tiveram melhora com o tratamento (P=0,336, oneway ANOVA ). Conclusão : Em conclusão não houve diferenças entre os grupos, ambos apresentaram uma associação entre melhora e salivação. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Amitriptyline/therapeutic use , Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/therapeutic use , Burning Mouth Syndrome/drug therapy , Urea/administration & dosage , Xerostomia/complications , Xerostomia/drug therapy , Burning Mouth Syndrome/complications , Burning Mouth Syndrome/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Double-Blind Method , Salivation , Sensory Thresholds , Socioeconomic Factors , Xerostomia/physiopathology
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