Influência da inatividade física na capacidade funcional de idosos saudáveis durante a pandemia da Covid-19 / Influence of physical inactivity on the functional capacity of healthy older people during the Covid-19 pandemic

Resumo Introdução: A pandemia da COVID-19 contribuiu para a diminuição das atividades habituais dos idosos, o que pode interferir na capacidade funcional (CF) dos mesmos. Objetivo: Verificar o impacto da inatividade física durante a pandemia da COVID-19 na CF de idosos e associar o nível de atividade física com a CF dos mesmos. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 20 idosos que frequentavam um programa de atividade física antes da pandemia da COVID-19. Foi avaliada a capacidade funcional pelo teste AVD-Glittre, teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6) e Time Up and Go (TUG); os resultados foram comparados com os resultados dos testes obtidos em 2019 (antes da pandemia da COVID-19). Para verificar o nível de atividade física, foi aplicado o Questionário Internacional de Nível de Atividade Física (IPAQ). Os dados foram analisados pelo teste t pareado de Wilcoxon e teste de correlação de Pearson. Resultados: Houve um aumento do tempo da execução do teste de AVD-Glittre de 171.90 ± 35.56 para 272.00 ± 344.77 segundos, no TUG teste de 6.27 ± 119 para 6.92 ± 1.53 segundos, e no TC6 houve uma diminuição de 564.97 ± 85.22 para 464.65 ± 105.95 metros, com p<0.001 em todas as análises. A correlação entre IPAQ e o teste de AVD-Glittre foi fraca (r=0.11, p<0.63), fraca com TC6 (r= -0.10, p>0.001) e moderada com TUG (r=0.59, p>0.001). Conclusão: Houve diminuição da CF dos idosos durante a pandemia da COVID-19, o nível de atividade física influenciou no TUG.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to a decrease in the usual activities of older adults, which may interfere with their functional capacity (FC). Objective: To verify the impact of physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic on the older adults' FC and associate the level of older adults' physical activity with the FC. Methods: The study included 20 older people who attended a physical activity program before the COVID-19 pandemic. Functional capacity was evaluated by the ADL-Glittre test, 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and Time Up and Go (TUG) test. The tests' results were compared to the tests obtained in 2019 (before the COVID-19 pandemic). The International Physical Activity Level Questionnaire (IPAQ) was applied to verify the physical activity level. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon's paired t-test and Pearson's correlation test. Results: There was an increase in the execution time of the ADL-Glittre test from 171.90 ± 35.56 to 272.00 ± 344.77 seconds, in the TUG test from 6.27 ± 119 to 6.92 ± 1.53 seconds, and in the 6MWT there was a decrease from 564.97 ± 85.22 to 464.65 ± 105.95 meters, with p<0.001 in all analyses. The correlation between IPAQ and the ADL-Glittre test was weak (r=0.11, p<0.63), weak with 6MWT (r= -0.10, p>0.001) and moderate with TUG (r=0.59, p>0.001). Conclusion: There was a decrease in the FC of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic; the level of physical activity influenced the TUG.

Validation and reliability of the Glittre-ADL test to evaluate functional capacity in older adults

INTRODUCTION: The decline in functional capacity (FC) interferes with the functional independence of older adults, so it is important to assess the FC and use appropriate instruments for this. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the Glittre Activities of Daily Living (ADL) test's validity and reliability for assessing functional capacity in older adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 100 elderly (68 ± 5.16 years). To assess the convergent validity, the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) were performed. The intra-examiner test-retest of the Glittre-ADL test was performed on the same day with a 30-minute interval between repetitions and inter-examiner reliability with an interval of seven days. RESULTS: There was a strong correlation between the Glittre-ADL test and the 6MWT (r=-0,75; p<0.001) and the TUG (r=0.77; p<0.001). The intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability was excellent (ICC)=0.91 and 95% CI=0.14-0.97; p<0.001 and ICC=0.91; 95% CI: 0.86-0.94; p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: The Glittre-ADL test demonstrated that it is valid and that its reliability is adequate to assess functional capacity in older adults.

Experimental gel containing bioactive glass-ceramic to minimize the pulp damage caused by dental bleaching in rats

Abstract Objectives This study evaluated if the use of a bioactive glass-ceramic-based gel, named Biosilicate (BS), before, after or mixed with bleaching gel, could influence the inflammation of the dental pulp tissue of rats' molars undergoing dental bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Methodology The upper molars of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus, albinus) were divided into Ble: bleached (35% H2O2, 30-min); Ble-BS: bleached and followed by BS-based gel application (20 min); BS-Ble: BS-based gel application and then bleaching; BS/7d-Ble: BS-based gel applications for 7 days and then bleaching; Ble+BS: blend of H2O2 with BS-based gel (1:1, 30-min); and control: placebo gel. After 2 and 30 days (n=10), the rats were euthanized for histological evaluation. The Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn statistical tests were performed (P<0.05). Results At 2 days, the Ble and Ble-BS groups had significant alterations in the pulp tissue, with an area of necrosis. The groups with the application of BS-based gel before H2O2 had moderate inflammation and partial disorganization in the occlusal third of the coronary pulp and were significantly different from the Ble in the middle and cervical thirds (P<0.05). The most favorable results were observed in the Ble+BS, which was similar to the control in all thirds of the coronary pulp (P>0.05). At 30 days, the pulp tissue was organized and the bleached groups presented tertiary dentin deposition. The Ble group had the highest deposition of tertiary dentin, followed by the Ble-BS, and both were different from control (P<0.05). Conclusion A single BS-based gel application beforehand or BS-based gel blended with a bleaching gel minimize the pulp damage induced by dental bleaching.

Comparação entre a PSE planejada pelo treinador com a percebida por jovens atletas de atletismo / Comparison between the RPE planned by coach with perceived by youth athletes of track and field

O sucesso do treinamento esportivo para jovens depende, também, de uma relação ótima entre a intensidade da sessão de treinamento prescrita pelo treinador e percebida pelo atleta, desta maneira, o objetivo do trabalho foi comparar a percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) indicada por jovens atletas de atletismo com a planejada pelo treinador para sessão de treinamento. Participaram do estudo 28 voluntários, de ambos os sexos, atletas de atletismo com pelo menos seis meses de treinamento, com média de idade 14,0 ± 1,32 anos, massa corporal 52,4 ± 11,5 e estatura 162,7 ± 9,3 cm, e o treinador da equipe, que tinha seis anos de experiência. O treinador apresentou previamente a execução do treinamento a PSE planejada para cada atleta, e a PSE dos jovens foi coletada 30 minutos após o término de cada sessão. A PSE planejada pelo treinador foi diferente da indicada pelo atleta (3,6 ± 1,2 e 3,1 ± 1,54, respectivamente) e também nas três intensidades; leve 1,80 ± 0,41 e 2,92 ± 1,13, moderada 3,54 ± 0,72 e 4,19 ± 1,45 e forte 7,35 ± 1,33 e 4,46 ± 0,63, respectivamente. Os jovens participantes deste trabalho percebem valores distintos de PSE quando comparada com a planejada pelo treinador, sendo que, para as intensidades leve e moderada sua PSE é menor e para a intensidade pesada é maior do que a planejada. Preconiza-se que haja acompanhamento diário das intensidades percebidas pelos atletas de atletismo durante o treinamento e também comparação constante com o que é planejado pelo treinador...(AU)

The success of sport training for young athletes, also depends, a great relationship between the intensity of the training session prescribed by coach and perceived by athlete, in this way, the aim of this study was to compare the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) indicated by the athlete and coach was planned to training session. The study included 28 healthy volunteers of both sexes , track and field athletes with at least 6 months of training, mean age 14.0 ± 1.32 years, body mass 52.4 ± 11.5 and 162.7 ± height 9.3 cm, and the coach of the team, he had 6 years of experience. The coach had previously done the training PSE planned for each athlete, and PSE youth was collected 30 minutes after the end of each session. The PSE planned by the coach was different from the athlete indicates (3.6 ± 1.2 e 3.1 ± 1.54, respectively), and also in the three intensities; Lightweight 1.80 ± 0.41 and 2.92 ± 1.13 , moderate 3.54 ± 0.72 and 4.19 ± 1.45 strong and 7.35 ± 1.33 and 4.46 ± 0.63, respectively. The young participants of this study perceive different values of RPE compared with planned by the coach and for low and moderate intensities, his RPE is smaller and the strong intensity is higher than planned. We recommend that there is daily monitoring of intensities perceived by track and field athletes during the training and also regular comparison between coaches planned and athletes perceived...(AU)

Proposta de calibração de modelos hidrodinâmicos aplicados a unidades de contato utilizando uma função de distribuição de tempos de residência / A proposal of calibration of hydrodynamic models of contact units using a residence time distribution function

O desempenho de unidades de contato que operam em regime de fluxo contínuo depende, entre outros, do padrão de escoamento que se desenvolve no seu interior. Já o levantamento de dados experimentais, como a elevação da superfície d'água e do campo de velocidades, não é uma tarefa fácil. Por tais razões, o uso de modelos numéricos na obtenção de padrões de escoamento em unidades de contato tem se tornado uma boa alternativa. A falta de dados hidrodinâmicos para a calibração e verificação de modelos numéricos tem sido um dos principais fatores que vem limitando o uso mais extensivo dessa ferramenta. O presente trabalho propõe uma nova técnica de calibração de modelo numérico, baseada no ajuste de curvas de passagem obtidas pelo modelo numérico e as obtidas experimentalmente ao longo das unidades de contato. A metodologia proposta é parcialmente avaliada e os resultados indicam ser essa uma técnica bastante promissora.

The performance of continuous flow contact units relies, among other factors, on the flow pattern inside them, and that the measurement of flow patterns in this type of unit is not an easy task. For this reason, the use of numerical models to obtain flow patterns in contact units has become a good alternative. However, the lack of hydrodynamic data to calibrate the models has been one of the main factors limiting a more extensive use of numerical models for this purpose. This work proposes a new calibration technique for numerical models which is based on the best fitting of measured and simulated flow through curves throughout the unit. The proposed methodology is partially evaluated and the results indicate it to be very promising.