ABSTRACT
What are the health-related problems of the aged and why do they feel lonely? To study the health-related problems and loneliness among the elderly in different micro-environment groups. Participants: Aged persons of age 65 years and above. Cross-sectional. Urban and rural area of Abbottabad. 1st Jan, 2012 to 31st Dec, 2012. T-test and Z-test. During the study, it was found that out of the total 361 aged persons of Abbott bad, 311 [86.1%] persons reported one or more health-related complaints, with an average of two illnesses. The illness was higher among the females [59.5%] as compared to males [40.5%]. The main health-related problems were disorders of the circulatory system [51.2%], musculoskeletal system and connective tissue [45.7%]. It was also found that loneliness was prevalent more in females [72.8%] as compared to males [65.6%]. Loneliness was more prevalent among persons who lived alone [92.2%] as compared to those who lived with their spouse [58.9%] or when husband and wife lived with the family [61.4%]. It was higher among the widows [85.2%] and widowers [75.8%] who lived with the family as compared to the aged who lived with the spouse [58.9%] and the aged husband and wife who lived with the family [61.4%]. Special geriatric services should be started in the hospitals as the majority of the aged have one or more health-related problems. The aged persons should be involved in social activities to avoid loneliness among them
ABSTRACT
Rh-D distribution varies worldwide. The aim of.this study was to document the frequency of Rhesus alleles, haplotypes and genotypes in Aljouf region, Sakaka. The EE genotype is not generally represented in the Aljouf province, and DcE/Ce genotypes are the shared [30.8%], while Dce/Dce and Dce/ce genotypes are less familiar [1.4%]. The frequency distribution of Rh haplotypes among Aljouf population in the present study CDE [0.701] has the highest observed frequency followed by Cde [0.250], cDe [0.116] and CDe [0.040], cDE [0.028], cde[0.021] and cdE[0.008]. The data generated during this study would be important, a base line for advance to be catalogued by molecular rather than serological criteria, and of polymorphisms between RHD and RHCE, which will be a useful for DNA typing and to provide the development of suitable DNA techniques