ABSTRACT
@#COVID-19 pandemic aggravated the global public health system, which is already overwhelmed by the increasing statistics of comorbidities and burden due to obesity. The number of individuals with obesity and obesity-associated diseases are rising in many regions that could attribute to the growing obesogenic environment and the lockdown implemented to curb COVID-19. This review focuses on the aspects of the obesity epidemic, chronic inflammatory effects of obesity, positive outcomes of obesity interventions and the worsening effects observed in obese COVID-19 patients. The chronic inflammatory effects of obesity are apparent by the increase of pro-inflammatory signals by immune cells in the adipose tissue and reactive species populations. The reduction of antioxidants exacerbates the effects of oxidative stress on genomic and tissue levels. The public must be made aware of the importance of practising a healthier lifestyle, even more now as we are fighting the COVID-19 pandemic.
ABSTRACT
Melastoma malabathricum L. Smith [Melastomaceae] has been used in the Malay traditional culture to treat ulcer-based ailments. The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential anti-ulcer effect of aqueous extract of M. malabathricum leaves [AEMM] using ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models in rats. Rats were divided into ten groups [n=6] and received DMSO [10%; negative group], ranitidine [100mg/kg; positive group] or AEMM [50, 250 and 500mg/kg] orally for 7 days and on the 8[th] day subjected to the respective gastric ulcer models. The stomachs were collected and subjected to macroscopic and microscopic analysis. At all groups tested, the AEMM exerted significant [p<0.05] anti-ulcer effect only against the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. The percentage of anti-ulcer for the 50-500mg/kg AEMM ranging between 50-82%, respectively. The macroscopic observations were supported by histological findings. In conclusion, AEMM exhibits potential anti-ulcer activity attributed to its previously proven high flavonoids content and antioxidant activity
ABSTRACT
The present study aimed to determine the hepatoprotective activity of Dicranopteris linearis L. [family Gleicheniaceae] leaf aqueous extract [DLAE] using two models of liver injury in rats. Rats were divided into ten groups [n=6] and received dH2O [negative control], 200 mg/kg silymarin [positive control] or DLAE [50, 250 and 500 mg/kg] orally once daily for 7 consecutive days and on the 8th day subjected to the hepatotoxic induction either using carbon tetrachloride [CCl[4]] or paracetamol [PCM]. The bloods and livers were collected and subjected to biochemical and microscopical analysis. From the data obtained, only the highest dose of DLAE significantly [p<0.05] reduced the ALP, ALT and AST levels in CCl[4]-and PCM-induced hepatotoxic rats while the other doses caused significant [p<0.05] reduction only in the levels of ALT and AST. The histological results obtained were in line with the biochemical analysis wherein reduction in the CCl[4]- and PCM-induced tissue formation of necrosis, steatosis and inflammation occurred in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the DLAE possesses hepatoprotective activity, which could be attributed to its free radicals scavenging and antioxidant activities, and high flavonoids content. Thus, in-depth studies regarding the hepatoprotective activity of DLAE are warranted