ABSTRACT
A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in order to construct reference centile charts for tibia and fibula bone length of Thai fetuses. A total of 621 normal pregnant women, who attended the antenatal clinic at Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, were recruited between 12 and 41 weeks of gestation. We identified pregnant women who had regular menstrual period for at least 3 months without contraception prior to the current pregnancy; and whose uterine size at the time of examination was compatible with menstrual age. Each fetus was measured only once at a randomly assigned gestation age specifically for the purpose of this study. A total of 461 fetal tibia and fibula lengths were measured due to unfavorable fetal position in some cases. Regression models were fitted to estimate the mean and standard deviation for each parameter at each gestational age. The centile charts of both lower limb lengths for Thai fetuses were derived from regression equations and are presented.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to develop reference centiles of head circumference (HC) for Thai fetuses, and to compare them with previously published data. Normal pregnant women who attend antenatal clinic at Siriraj Hospital provided the study population. A total of 621 cases between 12 - 41 weeks of gestation were recruited. Gestational age was determined by menstrual history which had been regular for at least 3 months without contraception prior to current pregnancy, and uterine size which was compatible with menstrual age at the first time of examination. Each fetus was measured once at a randomly assigned gestational age specifically for the purpose of this study. Due to unfavorable fetal position in some cases, HC data were only available in 609 measurements. Stepwise linear regression models were fitted separately to estimate the mean and standard deviation as functions of gestational age. A reference centile chart was constructed from both equations, assuming the data were normally distributed. A new reference centile chart for HC is presented and compared with previously published data. Our derived centile were lower than those from Western studies, which may partly be due to racial differences. This emphasizes the need to develop fetal biometric charts specific to each region.
ABSTRACT
A cross-sectional study was conducted in order to construct a reference chart for Thai fetal upper extremities long bone (humerus, radius, and ulna). A total of 621 normal pregnant women, who attended the antenatal clinic at Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, were recruited between 12 and 41 weeks of gestation. We identified pregnant women who had previous regular menstrual period for at least 3 months without contraception prior to current pregnancy; and uterine size at the time of examination was compatible with menstrual age. Each fetus was measured only once at a randomly assigned gestational age specifically for the purpose of this study. Due to unfavorable fetal position in some cases, data were available in only 482 measurements of the humerus, and 443 measurements of the radius and ulna respectively. Linear regression models were fitted separately to estimate the mean and standard deviation at each gestational age for each parameter. New reference centiles were constructed from both equations, assuming the data were normally distributed. This will provide more reliable reference data to be utilized in the assessment of gestational age and in the diagnosis of upper limb deformities during fetal period.
ABSTRACT
The incidence of heterotopic or combined pregnancy has risen in recent years. A case of heterotopic pregnancy is reported here without any risk factors, e.g., ovulation induction or assisted reproduction. The patient may fit in with superfecundation hypothesis. The diagnosis was made by transvaginal sonography after left salpingectomy and continuation of persistent HCG titer. The etiology, incidence, diagnosis and management of this condition were reviewed.