Rede de apoio familiar à gravidez e ao parto na adolescência: uma abordagem moscoviciana / Family support network for pregnancy and childbirth in adolescence: a Moscovian approach

Objetivo: identificar as redes de apoio familiar às mulheres que vivenciaram a gestação e o parto recorrentes na adolescência. Métodos: estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. Fizeram parte desta pesquisa 30 mulheres que vivenciaram a gestação e o parto recorrente na adolescência. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e analisados com base na Análise Textual Discursiva. Resultados: a família apresentou-se como principal fonte de apoio, a presença da mesma foi atrelada a discursos positivos, confirmando o pressuposto inicial deste estudo, de que a fragilidade na rede de apoio desencadeia, na adolescente, sentimentos negativos do processo de gestar e parir. Considerações finais: a figura materna apresentou‐se como principal rede de apoio sendo referenciada como importante suporte para a adolescente na vivência da gestação e do parto.

Objective: to identify family support networks for women who experienced recurrent gestation and childbirth during adolescence. Methods: descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Thirty women who experienced gestation and recurrent birth during adolescence were part of this study. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview and analyzed based on the Discursive Textual Analysis. Results: the family was the main source of support, its presence was linked to positive discourses, confirming the initial assumption of this study, that the fragility in the support network triggers, in the adolescent, negative feelings of the process of gestating and to give birth. Final considerations: the maternal figure was referred as the main support network for the adolescent in the experience of gestation and childbirth.

Desempenho e parâmetros sanguíneos de bezerros leiteiros que receberam sucedâneo lácteo ou silagem de colostro / Performance and plasma metabolites of dairy calves fed a milk replacer or colostrum silage

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho e os parâmetros sanguíneos de bezerros que consumiram colostro bovino fermentado sob condições anaeróbias. Após o nascimento, 18 bezerros da raça Holandês foram alojados em abrigos individuais e passaram a receber 4L da dieta líquida, sucedâneo lácteo ou silagem de colostro, divididos em duas refeições. O consumo de concentrado inicial e o escore fecal foram registrados diariamente, enquanto a pesagem e as colheitas de amostras de sangue para a determinação das concentrações plasmáticas de glicose, nitrogênio ureico, ácidos graxos livres, β-hidroxibutirato e proteínas totais séricas foram realizadas semanalmente. Os animais alimentados com silagem de colostro apresentaram menores consumo de concentrado, ganho de peso diário e peso vivo. Todos os parâmetros sanguíneos avaliados foram afetados pelos tratamentos, exceto a concentração plasmática de proteínas totais. O escore fecal foi afetado pelos tratamentos durante a segunda semana de vida, com animais alimentados com silagem de colostro apresentando fezes anormais e secas. O fornecimento de silagem de colostro como dieta líquida exclusiva não resultou em desempenho animal adequado, não sendo uma boa alternativa de substituto de leite.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and plasma metabolites of calves fed colostrum fermented under anaerobic conditions as an exclusive liquid feed during the whole milk-feeding period. After birth, eighteen Holstein male calves were housed in individual hutches and fed four liters of liquid diet, milk replacer or colostrum silage, divided into two meals. The starter feed intake and fecal scores were recorded daily, and body weight and blood samples for the determination of plasma glucose, urea nitrogen, free fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate and serum total protein were taken weekly. Animals fed colostrum silage had lower intake of starter feed during the experimental period. Significant effects were also observed for average daily gain and body weight. All blood parameters measured were affected by the treatments, except the total protein plasma concentration. The fecal score was affected by treatments during the second week of life, with animals fed colostrum silage presenting abnormal and very dry feces. Feeding colostrum silage as exclusive liquid diet during the whole milk-feeding period resulted in inadequate animal performance, being considered a bad alternative as milk replacer.

Obese obstructive sleep apnea patients with tonsil hypertrophy submitted to tonsillectomy

The physiopathology of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is multifactorial and obesity has been shown to be one of the main factors correlated with its occurrence. In obese patients with anatomical alterations of the upper airways it is often difficult to predict success for surgical correction since obesity is a limiting factor. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the results of tonsillectomy in a specific group of patients, i.e., obese OSAHS patients with tonsil hypertrophy. Seven OSAHS patients with moderate obesity with obstructive palatine tonsil hypertrophy were submitted to tonsillectomy. All patients were submitted to pre- and postoperative appraisal of body mass index, otorhinolaryngology examination and polysomnography. Patients' average age was 36.4 ± 10.3 years and average preoperative body mass index was 36.6 ± 6.3 kg/m². Postoperative weight did not differ significantly from preoperative weight (P = 0.27). Average preoperative apnea and hypopnea index (AHI) was 81 ± 26/h and postoperative AHI was 23 ± 18/h (P = 0.0005). Average preoperative minimum oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2 min) was 69 ± 14 percent and the postoperative value was 83 ± 3 percent (P = 0.038). In relation to AHI, 6 (86 percent) of the 7 patients studied showed a reduction of 50 percent in relation to preoperative level and of these, 4 (57 percent) presented AHI of less than 20 percent. Only one patient presented a reduction of less than 50 percent in AHI, but even so showed improved SaO2 min. Tonsillectomy treatment for OSAHS in obese patients with obstructive palatine tonsil hypertrophy caused a significant reduction in AHI, with improvement in SaO2 min. This procedure could be eventually considered as an option of treatment for obese OSAHS patients with significant tonsil hypertrophy when continuous positive air pressure therapy is not possible as the first choice of treatment.

Eucalyptol, an essential oil, reduces contractile activity in rat cardiac muscle

Eucalyptol is an essential oil that relaxes bronchial and vascular smooth muscle although its direct actions on isolated myocardium have not been reported. We investigated a putative negative inotropic effect of the oil on left ventricular papillary muscles from male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 300 g, as well as its effects on isometric force, rate of force development, time parameters, post-rest potentiation, positive inotropic interventions produced by Ca2+ and isoproterenol, and on tetanic tension. The effects of 0.3 mM eucalyptol on myosin ATPase activity were also investigated. Eucalyptol (0.003 to 0.3 mM) reduced isometric tension, the rate of force development and time parameters. The oil reduced the force developed by steady-state contractions (50 percent at 0.3 mM) but did not alter sarcoplasmic reticulum function or post-rest contractions and produced a progressive increase in relative potentiation. Increased extracellular Ca2+ concentration (0.62 to 5 mM) and isoproterenol (20 nM) administration counteracted the negative inotropic effects of the oil. The activity of the contractile machinery evaluated by tetanic force development was reduced by 30 to 50 percent but myosin ATPase activity was not affected by eucalyptol (0.3 mM), supporting the idea of a reduction of sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx. The present results suggest that eucalyptol depresses force development, probably acting as a calcium channel blocker.

Correlação da dislipidemia nos pacientes com isquemia crítica do Hospital Barão de Lucena - Recife/PE / Correlation of dyslipidemia in patients with critical ischemia in Hospital Barão de Lucena - Recife/PE

PURPOSE: There are studies that confirm the association between dyslipidaemia and the genesis of atherosclerosis process in world literature. The goal of this study is to evaluate the incidence of the dyslipidaemia in patients with critical limb ischemia. METHODS: The analysis was made in fifty in-patients from Vascular Surgery Service from Barão de Lucena Hospital from September 2003 to August 2004. We analyzed the laboratorial tests and seen the frequency the lipids abnormalities in fifty patients. RESULTS: Among the patients evaluated 62.2% was women and 37.8% was men. The incidence of abnormalities in the lipids levels was 39.2% in women and 31.5% in the men. It was not possible to determinate the relationship between the lipids levels and the intensity of atherosclerotic lesions. CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant incidence of dyslipidaemia in the patients evaluated. All data are similar to the ones observed in the in the literature.

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C in the Western Brazilian Amazon region (Rio Branco, Acre): a pilot study carried out during a hepatitis B vaccination program

In 1999, on the occasion of the application of the first vaccine dose during the state vaccination campaign against hepatitis B virus (HBV), 390 individuals from the town of Rio Branco, Acre, aged two or more years were selected for the determination of the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV. HBV markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc IgG) were determined on this occasion and anti-HBs antibodies were also assessed 30 days after the third vaccine dose. At the time of vaccination, 39 percent of the individuals were still susceptible to HBV, while 61 percent presented serologic evidence of previous HBV contact or previous vaccination. The individuals with previous HBV contact were significantly older (p<0.001) than those without HBV markers. Of the 192 individuals who returned for reexamination, 30 days after the third dose, 158 (82.3 percent) had received three vaccine doses, and only 60 (31.2 percent) belonged to the group without HBV markers. In these individuals, the seroconversion rate after the third dose was 92 percent (55/60). In conclusion, we found considerable HBV in this population, indicating the need for pursuing the immunization programs. We also found high rates of vaccination coverage in the Western Brazilian Amazon region.

Características serológicas y epidemiológicas de la hepatitis vírica aguda en la cuenca amazónica del Brasil / Serologic and epidemiologic characteristics of acute viral hepatitis in the Amazon Brasin of Brazil

Durante el período de junio de 1979 a diciembre de 1984 se estudiaron la frecuencia y las causas de la hepatitis aguda, incluida la fulminante, en el municipio de Boca do Acre, localizado en el extremo sudoccidental del Amazonas brasileiro. Se hicieron estudios serológicos por medio de las técnicas de radioinmunoensayo y ensayo inmunoenzimático. Los estudios previos de prevalencia serológica indicaron que la hepatitis A y la hepatitis B eran muy endémicas en toda la región y que la mayoría de las personas contraían la infección en los primeros 10 años de vida. La hepatitis A causó el 37% de todos los casos notificados, fue el tipo predeominante entre los niños mayores de cinco años y produjo un patrón epidémico. La hepatitis B constituyó el 48% de los casos y fue una causa importante de enfermedad tanto en los niños como en los adultos. La hepatitis no-A, no-B se presentó principalmente en adultos mayores. La incidencia de las hepatitis aguda y fulminante fue de 3,33 y 0,365 casos anuales por cada 1.000 habitantes, respectivamente. En más de 85% de los casos de hepatitis fulminante existía infección activa por el virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) y los sueros de los pacientes daban resultados positivos respecto al antígeno de superficie de la hepatitis B (AgsHB). la causa individual más frecuente de hepatitis fulminante fue la superinfección por virus delta de portadores del VHB. Las tasas de hepatitis aguda fulminante halladas en Boca do Acre son considerablemente mayores que las informadas con anterioridad en el continente americano y en otras partes del Brasil. Si bien la hepatitis A y la hepatitis B son causas importantes de hepatitis aguda, la infección combinada por virus delta y VHB es la causa principal del tipo poco común de hepatitis fulminante encontrado en la región estudiada

Novo caso de angiostrongilose abdominal. / A new case of abdominal angiostrongyliasis

E apresentado o caso de uma crianca do sexo feminino de 5 anos de idade que apresentava uma massa palpavel na fossa iliaca direita.Havia leucocitose com intensa eosinofilia (52%). Levada a cirurgia foi encontrada uma massa nodular na juncao ileo-cecal tendo sido ressecados em bloco o ileo terminal, ceco e apendice. O exame da peca cirurgica mostrava espessamento da parede do ceco com areas de necrose de permeio. Histologicamente havia denso infiltrado eosinofilico por toda a parede com alguns vasos arteriais da serosa e submucosa apresentando em seu lumen seccoes transversais de parasitos identificado como sendo Angiostrongylus costaricensis e outros exibindo trombose intravascular. O presente registro constitui o quinto caso brasileiro de parasitismo por esse angiostrongilideo