Identification of Porcine parvovirus from wild boars by partial sequencing of the VP-2 coding gene / Identificação de parvovírus suíno em javalis a partir do sequenciamento parcial do gene VP-2

Este estudo descreve a detecção e a identificação de DNA de parvovírus suíno (PVS) em amostras de órgãos de dois javalis, por PCR e sequenciamento direcionado ao gene VP-2. Pools de órgãos (baço, rins, fígado, linfonodos e tonsila) de três javalis adultos e assintomáticos de Paraguaçu Paulista, SP, criados com propósitos comerciais, foram submetidos à detecção de PVS, resultando em duas amostras positivas após reações de nested-PCR direcionadas aos genes NS-1 e VP-2. Os fragmentos parciais de VP-2 foram sequenciados e comparados a sequências homólogas de cepas NADL-2 e Kresse, demonstrando identidade nucleotídica de 100%. Com relação a 29 cepas de PVS previamente isoladas no Brasil, o grau de identidade nucleotídica variou de 99 a 100% (uma a três substituições de nucleotídeos). Estes resultados demonstram, pela primeira vez, a detecção direta por PCR de parvovírus suíno em javalis, confirmada por análise de sequenciamento genético.

Correlação entre flexibilidade das articulações glenoumerais e coxofemorais e o desempenho funcional de idosas fisicamente ativas / Association between flexibility of the glenohumeral and hip joints and functional performance in active elderly women

OBJETIVO: Investigar a relação entre a flexibilidade da flexão e extensão das articulações glenoumerais (GU) e coxofemorais (CF) e o desempenho funcional (DF) de idosas funcionalmente independentes e fisicamente ativas. MÉTODOS: Determinou-se em 22 voluntárias (idade=70±6 anos) seis conjuntos de amplitudes de movimentos por goniometria ativo-assistida (ADM) na flexão e extensão das GU e CF. O DF foi determinado pelos testes: velocidade de caminhada habitual (VCH) e máxima (VCM); levantar e sentar em cadeira (LSC); Timed up and Go Test (TUGT); vestir blusa (VBL); subir degraus (SE); levantar do decúbito dorsal (LDD); pegar moeda no solo (PMS); teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6M). As associações entre as variáveis ADM e o DF foram testadas por técnicas de correlação simples e múltipla. RESULTADOS: Houve correlações significantes (p<0,05) entre as ADM de CF e os testes LSC (r=0,42 e r=0,45), SE (r=0,52 e r=0,53) e TC6M (r=0,58 e r=0,59) (lados direito e esquerdo, respectivamente). A correlação múltipla ratificou esses resultados (r²=0,51; p<0,05), indicando que 51 por cento da variância nos testes deveu-se à ADM de CF. Não houve associações significantes entre as ADMs de GU e os testes de DF. CONCLUSÕES: Verificou-se associação significante entre a flexibilidade ativo-assistida de CF e alguns testes específicos de DF. Nenhuma relação foi identificada para ADM de GU. Estudos adicionais são necessários para elucidar as relações entre flexibilidade passiva de diferentes grupos articulares e a funcionalidade de idosos.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between flexibility of flexion and extension of the glenohumeral and coxofemoral joints and functional performance among physically active and functionally independent elderly women. METHODS: Six sets of range of motion (ROM) measurements relating to flexion and extension of the glenohumeral and coxofemoral joints were determined in 22 volunteers (age 70±6 years), using assisted-active goniometry. Functional performance was measured using the following tests: normal walking speed (NWS); maximum walking speed (MWS); sit-to-stand test (SST); timed up and go test (TUGT); putting on a blouse (PBL); going up stairs (GUS); rising from dorsal decubitus (RDD); picking up a coin from the floor (PCF); and 6-minute walk test (6WT). The relationships between the ROM variables and functional performance were tested using simple and multiple regression techniques. RESULTS: There were significant correlations (p<0.05) between coxofemoral ROM and the SST (r=0.42 and r=0.45), GUS (r=0.52 and r=0.53) and 6WT (r=0.58 and r=0.59) (right and left sides, respectively). The multiple regression ratified the results (r²=0.51; p<0.05), thus indicating that coxofemoral ROM accounted for 51 percent of the variance in the tests. There were no significant correlations between the glenohumeral ROMs and the functional performance tests. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant association between assisted-active flexibility of the coxofemoral joint and some specific functional performance tests. No relationship involving glenohumeral ROM was identified. Additional studies are needed in order to elucidate the relationships between passive flexibility of different joint groups and functional performance in elderly people.

Freqüência de parasitos gastrintestinais em cães e gatos atendidos em hospital-escola veterinário da cidade de São Paulo / Frequency of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs and cats referred to a veterinary school hospital in the city of São Paulo

Fecal samples from 1755 dogs and 327 cats were examined for the presence of helminths and protozoan forms. From the total samples, 486 (27.7 percent) dogs and 103 (31.5 percent) cats presented at least one parasite. The main genus of parasite in dogs were Ancylostoma (12.7 percent), Giardia (8.5 percent), Cystoisosopora (4.4 percent), Toxocara (2.6 percent), and Cryptosporidium (2.4 percent). The ocurrence of Ancylostoma was associated to male dogs, older than one year, while Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Cystoisospora and Toxocara were associated to dogs younger than one year (P<0.05). Among cats, the most frequent parasites were Cryptosporidium (11.3 percent), Giardia (8.3 percent), Cystoisosopora (8.3 percent), Toxocara (6.1 percent), and Ancylostoma (2.1 percent). Cryptosporidium and Cystoisosopora were more prevalent in cats younger than one year (P < 0.05)

Detecção de ácidos nucléicos de Brucella spp., Leptospira spp., herpesvirus bovino e vírus da diarréia viral bovina, em fetos bovinos abortados e em animais mortos no perinatal / Detection of Brucella spp., Leptospira spp., bovine herpesvirus and bovine viral diarrhea virus nucleic acids in aborted fetuses and bovines dead perinatal

Samples of 114 bovine fetuses and 10 calves, which dead in perinatal period, were examined for detection of DNA. The most common detected agent was Brucella spp. in 17 samples (13.7 percent) followed by Leptospira spp. in 4 cases (3.2 percent),bovine herpesvirus (BHV) and bovine viral diarrhea (BVDV) in 3 animals (2.4 percent) each, and 1 for the association of BVDV and BHV. In 77.4 percent (96/124) of the samples it was not possible to detect any agent.

Rickettsia felis (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) in Ctenocephalides felis felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Amostras de 10 e 14 pulgas Ctenocephalides felis felis foram coletadas de cães nos municípios de Pedreira e Mogi das Cruzes, respectivamente, no estado de São Paulo, para pesquisa de Rickettsia spp. As pulgas foram individualmente submetidas à reação em cadeia pela polimerase, tendo como alvo os genes 17-kDa e 190-kDa (OmpA) de Rickettsia, sendo esse último específico para o GFM. Nove pulgas de Pedreira (90%) e quatro pulgas de Mogi das Cruzes (28%) foram positivas para o gene 17-kDa, e oito pulgas de Pedreira (80%) e quatro de Mogi das Cruzes (28%) foram positivas para o gene 190-kDa. As seqüências de nucleotídeos do gene 190-kDa de uma pulga de Pedreira e de uma pulga de Mogi das Cruzes foram 100% idênticas; quando comparadas com dados existentes no GenBank, foram 100% idênticas com a seqüência parcial do gene 190-kDa de Rickettsia felis. Esse foi o primeiro relato de sua ocorrência no estado de São Paulo.

Toxicity of a cyanobacterial extract containing microcystins to mouse lungs

Toxic cyanobacteria in drinking water supplies can cause serious public health problems. In the present study we analyzed the time course of changes in lung histology in young and adult male Swiss mice injected intraperitoneally (ip) with a cyanobacterial extract containing the hepatotoxic microcystins. Microcystins are cyclical heptapeptides quantified by ELISA method. Ninety mice were divided into two groups. Group C received an injection of saline (300 µl, ip) and group Ci received a sublethal dose of microcystins (48.2 µg/kg, ip). Mice of the Ci group were further divided into young (4 weeks old) and adult (12 weeks old) animals. At 2 and 8 h and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after the injection of the toxic cyanobacterial extract, the mice were anesthetized and the trachea was occluded at end-expiration. The lungs were removed en bloc, fixed, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The percentage of the area of alveolar collapse and the number of polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear cell infiltrations were determined by point counting. Alveolar collapse increased from C to all Ci groups (123 to 262 percent) independently of time, reaching a maximum value earlier in young than in adult animals. The amount of PMN cells increased with time of the lesion (52 to 161 percent). The inflammatory response also reached the highest level earlier in young than in adult mice. After 2 days, PMN levels remained unchanged in adult mice, while in young mice the maximum number was observed at day 1 and was similar at days 2, 3, and 4. We conclude that the toxins and/or other cyanobacterial compounds probably exert these effects by reaching the lung through the blood stream after ip injection.

A heminested polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Brazilian rabies isolates from vampire bats and herbivores

A heminested-PCR (hn-PCR) using primers to the nucleoprotein-coding gene in a nested set was evaluated in the detection of Brazilian strains of rabies virus (RV). A representative number of RV nucleoprotein sequences belonging to genotype 1 were aligned. Based on such alignment, primers were directed to highly conserved regions. All 42 clinical samples positive by both fluorescent antibody and mouse inoculation tests were also positive by the hn-PCR. Brain tissue that had been left to decompose, obtained from an experimentally inoculated mouse was tested by hn-PCR and yielded positive results. In conclusion, primers designed here were capable of amplifying Brazilian RV isolates obtained from a rural epidemiological cycle