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1.
Motriz (Online) ; 23(1): 40-46, Jan.-Mar. 2017. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-841821

ABSTRACT

Abstract Gait analysis may offer information to choose the best exercise-based clinical intervention for the children with clubfoot. However, other motor abilities are not commonly investigated. The aim of this research was to analyze the biomechanics of countermovement vertical jumping in clubfooted children who had undergone surgery. Fourteen children with idiopathic clubfoot were selected and the control group consisted of 11 children. Clubfooted children showed less dorsiflexion in the jump preparation phase. In the impulse phase, this group showed more knee flexion and less plantarflexion associated with less magnitude of vertical reaction force and less muscular activity in the gastrocnemius medialis. In the landing phase, for clubfoot group, we found high loading rate for the first peak of vertical force, less plantarflexion and more knee flexion. Understanding the biomechanical changes of vertical jump landing should assist in better targeting of physical and sporting activities of this population.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Biomechanical Phenomena/physiology , Clubfoot , Electromyography/methods , Gait/physiology
2.
Rev. bras. educ. fís. esp ; 30(2): 271-277, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-787969

ABSTRACT

Resumo Uma variedade de disfunções congênitas pediátricas demonstra que deformidades do pé interferem na capacidade de locomoção. No entanto, há em muitas vezes incertezas sobre os seus reais efeitos mecânicos. O pé torto congênito é um exemplo de uma disfunção pouco conhecida no que diz respeito as suas influências na locomoção de crianças. Desta forma, uma melhor compreensão da marcha destas crianças pode auxiliar no melhor no direcionamento de futuras ações na tentativa de minimizar ou corrigir tais possíveis desequilíbrios. O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar parâmetros cinéticos e cinemáticos da marcha de crianças com pé torto congênito unilateral e bilateral submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico. Artigo Científico Original Observacional. O protocolo consistiu da investigação da marcha em velocidade auto-selecionada, com identificação de parâmetros em forças de reação do solo vertical e antero-posterior, além de parâmetros angulares do tornozelo e do joelho. Testes estatísticos não-paramétricos foram utilizados na análise dos resultados. As crianças com pé torto mostraram maiores desequilíbrios nos parâmetros investigados, com ênfase para as diferenças entre o grupo de pé torto unilateral e controle. Nesta comparação, no início da fase de apoio, foram encontradas maior primeiro pico da força vertical e alterações angulares do joelho e tornozelo; no médio apoio, foram observados aumento da flexão do joelho e dorsiflexão do tornozelo, além de menor magnitude da força vertical; na fase de propulsão foram encontrados menores valores na força antero-posterior e no segundo pico da força vertical, além de menor flexão plantar. Crianças com pé torto unilateral apresentam maiores desequilíbrios em parâmetros biomecânicos da marcha em comparação com crianças acometidas bilateralmente. As alterações encontradas nos parâmetros da marcha no presente estudo podem contribuir nas compreensões dos desequilíbrios e fornecer informações para entender os movimentos dos membros inferiores durante a marcha em crianças pé torto.(AU)


Abstract A variety of congenital pediatric disorders have demonstrated that foot deformities interfere in locomotion ability. However, there are uncertainties about the mechanical effects of this deformity. Quantitative gait analysis allows the measurement and assessment of walking biomechanics, which facilitates the recommendation of treatment alternatives. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze gait parameters in unilateral and bilateral clubfoot children after operative therapy. Observational Original Scientific Article. The protocol consisted of self-selected speed gait investigation with parameter identification in vertical and antero-posterior ground reaction forces and ankle and knee angles. Non-parametric statistics tests were used in analysis of the results. Children with clubfoot showed larger imbalances in parameters with an emphasis towards the greatest differences occurring between unilateral clubfoot group and controls. For initial stance phase, we found higher first vertical force peak and knee and ankle angular alterations. For midstance, we observed more knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion, and less vertical force. For propulsion phase, there were smaller values in antero-posterior force, second vertical force peak and plantarflexion. Unilateral clubfoot presents more imbalances in gait biomechanical parameters compared with bilateral clubfoot children. The alterations in gait parameters in this study help to understand the imbalances and provide information to understand the lower extremity movements during gait in clubfoot children.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Biomechanical Phenomena , Gait , Talipes
3.
Conscientiae saúde (Impr.) ; 15(2): 210-216, 30 jun. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-846466

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A forma de carregar o bebê pode causar desequilíbrios em músculos relacionados à coluna vertebral. Objetivos: Investigar a atividade elétrica dos músculos trapézio fibras descendentes e eretores lombares durante a marcha na simulação de carregar um bebê. Métodos: 20 voluntárias, destras e saudáveis participaram das coletas durante a marcha em esteira na simulação do ato de carregar o bebê em diferentes formas: 1) posição horizontal; 2) posição vertical; 3) suporte tipo "canguru" e 4) suporte tipo "sling". Os resultados eletromiográficos foram analisados pela análise da intensidade do sinal eletromiográfico dos músculos trapézio fibras descendentes e eretores espinhais lombares bilateralmente. Resultados: A ANOVA de dois fatores indicou que a forma de carregar (F(4,59)=17,1 p<0,001) e lado (F(1, 59)=89,6 p<0,001) afetaram a intensidade da atividade do músculo eretor espinhal e também a forma de carregar (F(4, 59)=6,4 p<0,001) e lado (F(1, 59)=59,9 p<0,001) do músculo trapézio fibras descendentes. Conclusões: O suporte canguru gerou menor ativação em músculos espinhais durante a quando comparado a outras situações.


Introduction: The way to carry the baby may cause imbalances in muscles related to the spine. Objectives: To investigate the electrical activity of the muscles trapezius descending fibers and lumbar erector during the simulation of carrying a baby. Methods: 20 volunteers right-handed and healthy participate of the study during walking on a treadmill to simulate the act of carrying the baby in different ways: 1) horizontal position; 2) vertical position; 3) Support Type "kangaroo" and 4) Support Type "sling". The EMG results were analyzed by analysis of the intensity of the electromyographic signal of the muscles trapezius fibers descendants and spinal lumbar erector bilaterally. Results: A two-way ANOVA indicated that the way of loading (F(4, 59)=17.1 p <0,001) and next (F(1, 59)=89.6 p <0.001) affected the intensity of the activity spinal erector muscles and also the way of loading (F(4, 59)=6.4 p <0.001) and next (F(1, 59)=59.9 p <0.001) of the trapezius muscle fibers descendants. Conclusions: Kangaroo support generated less activation in spinal muscles during when compared to other situations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Infant Equipment , Gait Analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Electromyography
4.
Rev. bras. med. esporte ; 21(1): 8-11, Jan-Feb/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-741893

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: a entorse em inversão do tornozelo, uma das lesões mais comuns do esporte, muitas vezes ocorre na fase final de um treino ou competição. Mesmo sabendo que a entorse é multifatorial, tal característica gera a hipótese que a fadiga muscular possa ser um fator predisponente para o desenvolvimento da lesão. OBJETIVO: a presente investigação propõe o estudo da resposta reflexa dos músculos fibular curto e longo em condições de fadiga. MÉTODOS: participaram do estudo 10 voluntárias do sexo feminino, sem histórico de entorse do tornozelo, fisicamente ativas. Utilizou-se uma plataforma simuladora da entorse em inversão do tornozelo, na qual ambos os pés das voluntárias foram fixados e somente abaixo do fixador do pé direito encontrava-se um transdutor de força. Para a indução da fadiga, inicialmente foi registrada a contração isométrica voluntária máxima (CIVM) em eversão. Durante a indução, as voluntárias foram orientadas a manter 70% da CIVM. No momento em que a força aplicada era menor que 60% da CIVM o protocolo era interrompido e as voluntárias imediatamente posicionadas sobre a plataforma simuladora. Antes e após a fadiga foram realizadas 10 simulações da entorse em ambos os tornozelos, de forma aleatória, e simultaneamente, o sinal eletromiográfico foi registrado. A análise, no domínio do tempo, contemplou o estudo da latência e da amplitude do sinal. RESULTADOS: após a fadiga não houve alteração da latência, no entanto, ocorreu uma redução da amplitude do sinal. A queda da amplitude do sinal pode ser considerada uma resposta ao processo de fadiga. Esse decréscimo é um indicativo da diminuição da capacidade de recrutamento das unidades motoras decorrentes das alterações do input neural que chega ao músculo. CONCLUSÃO: a fadiga muscular diminui a amplitude da resposta dos músculos eversores após a entorse do tornozelo. .


INTRODUCTION: inversion ankle sprain is one of the most common sports injuries and it often occurs in the final phase of a training or competition. Although sprain is multifactorial, this characteristic leads to the hypothesis that muscle fatigue can be a predisposing factor to injury. OBJECTIVE: the present study was set to investigate the neuromuscular response of the fibularis brevis and longus in conditions of fatigue. METHODS: the study included 10 physically active female participants with no history of ankle sprain. To simulate the inversion ankle sprain, we used a simulation platform in which participant's feet were attached and, underneath the right foot strap only, there was a transducer. To induce fatigue, we first recorded the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in eversion. During the induction, the participants were instructed to maintain 70% of MVIC. When strength fell below 60% of MVIC, the protocol was interrupted and the participants were immediately placed on the simulation platform. Before and after fatigue, we conducted 10 sprain simulations in both ankles, randomly decided and simultaneously, the electromyographic signal registered. In the time domain, latency and signal amplitude were analyzed. RESULTS: after fatigue, the latency did not change, however there was a reduction of the signal amplitude. The drop in amplitude can be considered a response to the process of fatigue. This decrease indicates a reduction in the ability to recruit motor units due to changes in the neural input that reaches the muscle. CONCLUSION: muscle fatigue reduces the amplitude of the response of the eversion muscles after ankle sprain. .


INTRODUCCIÓN: el esguince en inversión del tobillo, una de las lesiones más comunes del deporte, muchas veces ocurre en la fase final de un entrenamiento o competición. Aún sabiendo que el esguince es multifactorial, tal característica genera la hipótesis de que la fatiga muscular puede ser un factor de predisposición para el desarrollo de la lesión. OBJETIVO: la presente investigación propone el estudio de la respuesta refleja de los músculos fibular corto y largo en condiciones de fatiga. MÉTODOS: participaron en el estudio 10 voluntarias del sexo femenino sin historial de esguince de tobillo, físicamente activas. Se utilizó una plataforma simuladora del esguince en inversión del tobillo, en la que ambos pies de las voluntarias fueron fijados y solamente debajo del fijador del pie derecho se encontraba un transductor de fuerza. Para inducción de la fatiga inicialmente fue registrada la contracción isométrica voluntaria máxima (CIVM) en eversión. Durante la inducción las voluntarias fueron orientadas a mantener 70% de la CIVM. En el momento en que la fuerza aplicada era menor a 60% de la CIVM el protocolo era interrumpido y las voluntarias inmediatamente posicionadas sobre la plataforma simuladora. Antes y después de la fatiga fueron realizadas diez simulaciones de esguince bilateralmente de forma aleatoria y simultáneamente registrada la señal electromiográfica. El análisis, en el dominio del tiempo, contempló el estudio de la latencia y de la amplitud de la señal. RESULTADOS: después de la fatiga no hubo alteración de la latencia, sin embargo ocurrió reducción de la amplitud de la señal. La caída de la amplitud de la señal puede ser considerada una respuesta al proceso de fatiga. Esa disminución es un indicativo de la reducción de la capacidad de reclutamiento de las unidades motrices provenientes de las alteraciones del input neural que llega al músculo. CONCLUSIÓN: la fatiga muscular disminuye la amplitud de la respuesta de los ...

5.
Clinics ; 63(5): 661-666, 2008. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-495042

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates resources to provide better conditions for oropharyngeal swallowing for improvement in the quality of life of Parkinson's disease patients. METHOD: Three men and one woman with an average age of 70.25 years had been afflicted with Parkinson's disease for an average of 9.25 years. The patients were submitted to a rehabilitation program for oropharyngeal dysphagia after a clinical evaluation of swallowing. The rehabilitation program consisted of daily sessions for two consecutive weeks during which a biofeedback resource adapted especially for this study was used. The patients were then reevaluated for swallowing ability at follow-up. RESULTS: The patients presenting difficulties with swallowing water displayed no such problems after rehabilitation. Only one patient exhibited slow oral transit of food and other discrete oropharyngeal food remnants when swallowing a biscuit. The sample variance was used to analyze the pressure measurements, demonstrating a numerical similarity of the results obtained with the swallowing of saliva or of biscuits (VAR = 4.41). A statistical difference was observed between the swallowing of saliva and biscuits, showing a significant pressure increase at the end of the rehabilitation program (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The effortful swallow maneuver reinforced by using biofeedback appears to be a therapeutic resource in the rehabilitation of oropharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson's disease patients.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Biofeedback, Psychology/methods , Deglutition Disorders/rehabilitation , Parkinson Disease/rehabilitation , Quality of Life , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Deglutition/physiology , Parkinson Disease/complications , Treatment Outcome
6.
Rev. bras. biomec ; 4(1): 75-81, 2003. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-638174

ABSTRACT

Normalization is a process to remove the effect of a variable into another to decrease its variability. Normalization is also a process to scale a variable. For gait analysis, the most common normalization is to divide Ground Reaction Force by body weight. The objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of normalizalizing a set of ground reaction force parameters. Thirteen adults were the subjects of this study. A force plataform was used to measure the vertical component of ground reaction (vGRF) during stance phase. Twenty samples for each subject were obtained (10 for walking with and other 10 for walking barefoot). For each condition, 5 samples were due to the left support and other 5 were due to the rigth support. Some parameters were calculated using vGRF: intensity, impulse and inclination. The raw signal was filtered with low-pass, 2nd order, zero lag, Butterworth filter at 100 Hz. For statistical analysis, different produres were used: to compare groups, we used two-way analysis of variance; to study the effect of normalization into the signal's variability, we used the principal component analysis. The main results suggest that normalization affects those paraeters, and it is not affected by shoes condiction, chaging the metric among them. However, this is not a pure lenear effect and probably it is also affected by a covariable. We suggest that time is one covariate. We also suggest that other experiments should be run to analyze such effect, considering as covariables gait speed, time, shoes and frequency components.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomechanical Phenomena , Gait
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