Atención de enfermería en la unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal desde la perspectiva de las enfermeras / Nursing Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from the Perspective of Nurses

Introducción: La mortalidad neonatal es alarmante en Brasil, aunque los cuidados intensivos adecuados han cambiado la situación, con énfasis en la asistencia de enfermaría. Objetivo: Evaluar la atención de enfermería en la unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal desde la perspectiva de las enfermeras. Métodos: Estudio de campo descriptivo, cualitativo, realizado con seis participantes enfermeras de la unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital regional de Piauí, en 2019, por entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos fueron procesados y analizados utilizando el software IRAMUTEQ, y discutidos en base al análisis de contenido de los discursos de los participantes a la luz de la teoría de Dorothy Johnson. Resultados: Se encontró la proximidad de las enfermeras al sufrimiento del recién nacido, el vínculo establecido con la familia, el cansancio físico relacionado con la sobrecarga de horas semanales de trabajo, el estrés causado por la falta de materiales y la intensa necesidad de improvisación. Además, se observaron los contextos que caracterizan los sistemas de afiliación/dependencia, ingesta y eliminación. Por tanto, la atención de enfermería se puede ver desde la perspectiva de contemplar los sistemas con el fin de equilibrarlos, para la salud del recién nacido. Conclusión: La enfermera, dentro del alcance de las habilidades de atención brindada, experimenta en la práctica una atención dirigida a la recuperación del recién nacido, sin embargo, esta atención enfrenta desafíos relacionados con el medio ambiente y las relaciones interpersonales afectivas(AU)

Introduction: In Brazil, neonatal mortality is alarming, although adequate intensive cares have changed the situation, with emphasis on nursing care. Objective: To assess nursing care in the neonatal intensive care unit from the perspective of nurses. Methods: Descriptive and qualitative field study carried out, in 2019, with six nurses from the intensive care unit of a regional hospital in Piauí, using a semistructured interview. The data were processed and analyzed using the IRAMUTEQ software, and discussed based on the content analysis of the participants' speeches using the theory of Dorothy Johnson. Results: The nurses' proximity to newborn's suffering was found, together with the bond established with the family, the physical fatigue related to the overload of weekly working hours, the stress caused by the lack of materials, and the intense need for improvisation. In addition, the contexts that characterize affiliation/dependency, as well as the intake and elimination systems were observed. Therefore, nursing care can be viewed from the perspective of looking at systems in order to balance them, for the health of the newborn. Conclusion: The nurse, within the scope of skills of the provided care, experiences, in practice, care directed to the newborn's recovery. However, this care faces challenges related to the environment and to affective interpersonal relationships(AU)

Discusión del síndrome del edificio enfermo en trabajadores de la salud / Discussion about the Sick Building Syndrome in Health Workers

Introducción: La salud ocupacional involucra importantes líneas de debate. La enfermedad ocupacional ve el ejercicio del trabajo y el ambiente de trabajo como causas de la enfermedad de los trabajadores, como es el caso del síndrome del edificio enfermo. Objetivo: Discutir, en base a la literatura científica, el síndrome del edificio enfermo en el contexto de los trabajadores de la salud. Métodos: Revisión integradora realizada en abril de 2019. Se usaron cuatro bases de datos en las cuales se obtuvieron 37 artículos inicialmente. No se aplicaron los criterios de delimitación temporal o idiomática. Después de leer por completo se dejaron 10 estudios primarios que se trataron más adelante. Toda la selección y el análisis siguieron un diagrama de flujo y la estrategia de PRISMA. Conclusión: Se encontró poca producción sobre el síndrome del edificio enfermo enfocado en el contexto de los trabajadores de la salud, lo que dificulta la obtención de estudios actuales que aborden el problema. Sin embargo, según lo que se ha revisado, los factores causales van desde fallas en los sistemas de ventilación y sus cualidades hasta el problema de la sobrecarga de trabajo y los entornos con microorganismos. Los síntomas son diversos y se caracterizan principalmente por problemas relacionados con las vías respiratorias, la piel y el tracto psicológico. Las actividades de intervención involucran el desempeño de profesionales dirigidos a unidades de salud ocupacional, el uso de instrumentos para detectar riesgos de exposición y cambios en los hábitos estructurales(AU)

Introduction: Occupational health involves important lines of debate. Occupational disease sees working and the work environment as causes of workers' disease, as is the case of sick building syndrome. Objective: To discuss, based on the scientific literature, the sick building syndrome in the setting of health workers. Methods: Integrative review carried out in April 2019. Four databases were used, in which 37 articles were initially obtained. The criteria of time or language delimitation were not applied. After reading the whole information, 10 primary studies were chosen, which were discussed later. All the choosing and the analysis followed a flow chart and the strategy of PRISMA. Conclusion: Little production was found about sick building syndrome focused on the setting of health workers, making it difficult to obtain current studies that address the problem. However, based on what has been reviewed, the causal factors range from failure of ventilation systems and their qualities to the problem of work overload and environments with microorganisms. The symptoms are diverse and characterized mainly by problems related to the respiratory tract, the skin, and the psychological aspect. Intervention activities involve professional performance targeted to occupational health units, the use of instruments to detect exposure risks, and changes in structural habits(AU)

Transtornos mentais associados ao trabalho em profissionais de enfermagem: uma revisão integrativa brasileira / Work-related mental disorders among nursing professionals: a Brazilian integrative review

A relação entre os transtornos mentais em decorrência do trabalho decorre de várias causas e pode atingir todos os profissionais de saúde. A equipe de enfermagem se submete a altas demandas físicas e psicológicas que colaboram para o adoecimento mental. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho objetivou levantar estudos brasileiros com vistas a identificar a relação causal entre os transtornos mentais e o trabalho dos profissionais da enfermagem. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de estudos brasileiros do período de 2010 a 2017. Para o levantamento bibliográfico foi utilizado o banco de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Por meio da associação entre os descritores e filtragem foram obtidos sete artigos. O método de exclusão foi aplicado àqueles que correspondiam a artigos repetidos, teses e os que não se enquadravam no objetivo do estudo. Com isso, descobriu-se que o sofrimento psíquico prejudica a vida familiar, social, pessoal, laboral, os estudos, a compreensão de si mesmo e dos outros, a capacidade de autocrítica, a aceitação dos problemas e a possibilidade de ter prazer na vida em geral. A carga física através de grande volume de atividades, déficit de pessoal e número elevado de pacientes, bem como a pressão psicológica sobre o trabalho, contribuem para o surgimento de transtornos mentais. Portanto, as pressões sofridas pelo trabalhador da enfermagem no ambiente laboral e as jornadas duplas de trabalho, associadas ao modo de enfrentamento do trabalhador e à baixa remuneração contribuem para o afastamento por transtornos mentais. Entretanto, se faz necessária a realização de estudos mais amplos.

Work-related mental disorders have several causes and might affect all healthcare professionals. Nursing professionals are exposed to high physical and psychological demands which contribute to the development of mental illnesses. The aim of the present study was to survey studies conducted in Brazil to investigate the causal relationship between mental disorders and nursingprofessionals' work. Integrative review of studies conducted in Brazil from 2010 to 2017. The literature search was performed on the Virtual Health Library database. Combination of descriptors and application of filters resulted in seven articles. Duplicates, doctoral dissertations and articles which did not meet the study aims were excluded. Mental suffering impairs the family, social, personal and professional life of nursing professionals, their studies, self-comprehension and understanding of others, self-criticism ability, acceptance of problems and possibility to take pleasure in life as a whole. The physical load resulting from a large volume of activities, understaffing, large numbers of patients and psychological pressure in the workplace contribute to the development of mental disorders. The pressure to which nursing professionals are exposed in the workplace and double shifts, together with coping modalities and low salary contribute to sick leaves due to mental disorders. However, broader scoped studies are needed