ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate clinico-pathological parameters and the status of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions stain in various histological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma. A cross sectional study was conducted on fifty cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The specimen were collected from the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and processed for hematoxylin and eosin stain and AgNOR stain Pathology Laboratory, King Edward Medical University Lahore. Bidi smoking is associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma. The AgNOR [mAgNOR and pAgNOR] status was significantly low in well differentiated and moderately differentiated compared to poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma [p =0.001]. AgNOR size in poorly differentiated was significantly higher than the AgNOR size in well differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma. Similarly the distribution of AgNOR in moderately and poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma was significantly high. The AgNORs index was significantly high in poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma as compared to well differentiated and moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The use of AgNORs stain is easy, valid and reliable method to assess the histological grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma and should be used to predict the prognosis of patients
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate practice of universal infection control protocols among third and final year BDS students at different dental colleges. Comparative study. This study was conducted in five dental colleges and hospitals which are affiliated with University of Karachi during the year 2011-2012. The undergraduates [third and final professional BDS students were selected with the age range from 18-22 years and without gender discrimination in the year 2011-2012. A self applied, confidential 14 close-ended type questionnaire consisting of various aspects of infection control practice was distributed to these undergraduates at the end of second semester after the lecture with permission and consent of head of institution. The collected data was analyzed by using SPPS 16.0. Among 180 students, 90[50%] were final year students and 90[50%] were third year students. Out of them 70 final year and 72 third year students participated. Thus a total of 142 [77.77%] students completed questionnaire with a response rate of 79%. The final year students were found to have more knowledge and had practiced more infection control procedures than third year students. Compliance with recommended guidelines for cross infection control varies among final year and third year students. Efforts are needed to improve attitudes to implement information and motivate students in the correct and routine use of infection control measures before they commence their clinical rotations