Comparison of shear bond strength of prepared methacrylate based composite repaired with silorane composite

The objective of this invitro study was to compare shear bond strength of methacrylate based composite repaired with Silorane composite using intermediate layer of silane coupling agent and Silorane adhesive bond with or without thermocycling. A total of 60 composite samples were prepared with 30 samples of silorane based and 30 samples of methacrylate based divided into control and experimental groups. Control group was processed immediately after photo-curing, while experimental group was thermal cycled [5000 cycles, 5_55°C, dwell time 20 seconds] followed by surface roughening with 400 grit silicon carbide, applied with silane coupling agent and relevant adhesive bond over the corresponding substrate and cured for 20seconds. Repair composite was placed on substrate samples of both groups and photo-cured, all samples were stored in distilled water for 24 hour at 37°C before testing with universal testing machine at crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min until debonding. Type of fracture was analyzed under light microscope at 40x magnification and was categorized as cohesive, adhesive or mixed failure. Silorane composite overall showed better shear bond strength and can be used with Methacrylate based composites in repair options using silane coupling agent and its silorane adhesive bond. Thermal cycling did not affect the shear bond strength before and after aging in both groups

Biowaiver studies of newly optimized meloxicam tablets

In this research work biowaiver studies of newly developed and optimized Meloxicam 7.5mg and 15mg water dispersible formulations were carried out at different dissolution media i.e. 0.1N HCl, phosphate buffer pH 4.5, pH 6.8, and pH 7.5 at 50 rpm. For this purpose reference [MA[9] and MB[9] and tests MA[2], MA[4], MA[6], MA[7] and MA[8] [15 mg] and MB[2], MB[4], MB[6], MB[7]and MB8 [7.5 mg] formulations were compared. In vitro patterns were analyzed by using model-independent and model-dependent methods. Results indicated that all formulation at pH 0.1N HCl and phosphate buffer pH 4.5 followed Weibull model, while at pH 6.8 and pH 7.5 all formulations followed Hixson-Crowell model. Similarly results of model independent methods demonstrated that all the reference formulations were found to be similar with the tests formulations. Results indicated that Biowaiver could be granted to all the optimized water dispersible meloxicam formulations of both batches, so waiver for bioequivalence study can be allowed

Sonographic evaluation of normal liver, spleen, and renal parameters in adult population: a multicenter study

Objective: to determine the normal liver, spleen, and renal parameters in adult patients with no comorbidities

Study Design: cross-sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: dow Institute of Radiology, Ojha Campus, LEJ Campus, and Al-Mustafa Hospital Karachi, from October 2016 to March 2017

Methodology: a total of 3,136 study participants with more than 16 years of age of either gender underwent ultrasound examination. All individuals with morbid conditions like hypertension [HTN], diabetes mellitus [DM], liver cirrhosis, hydronephrosis, renal cyst, and liver mass were excluded. Ultrasound scan was performed and longitudinal and transverse sections were obtained of both kidneys [in full inspiration], spleen and liver

Results: a significant positive correlation was observed between age and spleen size of the individuals [r=0.053, p=0.012]. The correlation of BMI and liver size was also found significantly positive [r=0.237, p <0.001]. The correlation of age and kidney size was found significantly negative in between age and right kidney [r=-0.074, p <0.001] and left kidney [r=-0.087, p <0.001]. Similarly, the correlation of BMI and renal size was found significantly weak positive between BMI and right kidney [r=0.206, p <0.001] and BMI and left kidney [r=0.227, p <0.001]

Conclusion: BMI was found significantly positively correlated with liver size and both kidneys in study participants. Moreover, spleen was found directly and renal size inversely correlated with age of the individuals

Evaluation of the integrity of amalgam-composite interface with two resin based intermediate materials

Objective: To evaluate the effect of intermediate materials at Amalgam-Composite interface

Methodology: This in-vitro study was conducted at IRCM COMSATS Lahore.100 High copper-Spherical amalgam [Aristalloy] specimen were stored in deionized water for two weeks. They were randomly assigned to one of the following groups after being polished. Control Group comprised of fifty bars of Amalgam bonded to Hybrid composite[SolareXGC] with Amalgam bonding agent [Framingdale NY-USA]. Experimental group comprised fifty bars of Amalgam bonded to composite with resin modified glass ionomer cement [GC Fuji].The shear bond strengths were tested using the Universal testing machine at acrosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. All the collected data was entered in SPSS version 19.0. ANOVA was used to determine the mean SBS [Shear Bond strength] values of control and experimental groups

Results: On comparison, there was no significant difference in the bond strength of Amalgam-Composite interface with Amalgam Bonding Agent and Resin Modified glass Ionomer cement

Conclusion: There is less significant effect of type of the adhesive on interfacial integrity, rather it is based more on the adhesive's thickness, method of application and other manipulative variables

Total cavopulmonary connection for functionally single ventricle without cardiopulmonary bypass support

A heart with two atriums but one ventricle, an anatomy with a unique physiology, is responsible for many creative surgical and interventional approaches in history. Different surgical techniques have been used to address this strange physiology of parallel circulation. All these attempts met with failure till the concept of Fontan circulation was described. Currently, controversy exists between multistage vs. single stage total cavopulmonary connections. Total cavopulmonary connection is the only definitive procedure performed to provide palliation for patients with complex congenital heart defects which cannot support a biventricular circulation. We report a case with tricuspid atresia with transposition of great arteries and pulmonary stenosis with persistant left-sided superior vena cava and functionally single ventricle. Patient successfully underwent single stage extra-cardiac total cavopulmonary connection. In this case, bilateral Glenn with extra-cardiac inferior vena cava to main pulmonary artery shunt was performed off-pump

Are BP readings taken after a patient-physician encounter in a real-world clinic scenario the lowest of all the readings in a clinic visit

To determine the difference in Blood Pressure [BP] readings taken before, during and after the clinic encounter. Descriptive study. Cardiology Clinic, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January to August 2013. Hypertensive and normotensive participants aged >/= 18 years were recruited. Pre-clinic BP was measured by a nurse and in-clinic BP by a physician. After 15 minutes, two post-clinic BP readings were taken at 1 minute interval. All readings were taken using Omron HEM7221-E. Out of 180 participants, males were 57% and 130 [71%] were hypertensive. Mean SBP [Systolic BP] taken preclinic, in-clinic, post-clinic 1 and post-clinic 2 were: 126 +/- 20 mmHg, 131 +/- 23 mmHg, 126 +/- 20 mmHg and 121 +/- 21 mmHg respectively [p < 0.001]. Mean DBP [Diastolic BP] taken pre-clinic, in-clinic, post-clinic 1 and post-clinic 2 were 77 +/- 12 mmHg, 81 +/- 13 mmHg, 79 +/- 12 mmHg and 79 +/- 11 mmHg respectively [p < 0.001]. BP taken in the post-clinic setting may significantly be the lowest reading in a clinic encounter, making in-clinic BP unreliable to diagnose or manage hypertension

Clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic evaluation in early diagnosis of dengue haemorrhagic fever

Objectives: The object of this study is to evaluate clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographyic findings in early diagnosis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever [DHF]

Design: A case series

Place Study: The study was carried out in Medical Department of CMH and Mayo Hospital, Lahore

Methodology: 351 patients suspected of DHF were enrolled in two different hospitals of Lahore during outbreak of the disease. The diagnosis was confirmed by serology

Results: The most common symptom in 100% patients was fever followed by musculoskeletal pain. Liver biomarkers were elevated in 237 [77.9%] patients throughout the coarse of illness, reaching peak on 3[rd] day and declining after 7[th] day of illness. The sonographic features included hepatomegaly in 234 [77.2%] patients, pleural effusion in 226 [74.6%], thickening of gallbladder wall in 221 [72.9%] and ascites in 209 [69%]

Conclusion: Liver biomarkers and abdominal ultrasonography can be used as first line of imaging modality in patients, suspected of DHF prior to serological confirmation in dengue epidemic area

Comparison of complications between mayo's repair and mesh repair [pre-peritoneal approach] for para-umbilical hernia

To compare the complications of Mayo's technique of repair of para umbilical hernia with mesh repair.This study was conducted in the Department of Surgery at Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Fifty patients were recruited into study randomly. Two groups of 25 each, were made. Routine investigations were performed. All patients underwent surgery under general anaesthesia. Standard technique of repair was used in either groups. Complications were noted on a proforma designed for that purpose. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test. A 'p' value of<0.05 was considered significant. Ten [20%] complications were observed. The main complications were wound haematoma in four patients [8.0%], wound infection in two patients [4%], seroma formation in two patients [4%], sinus formation in one patient [2.0%], mesh infection in one patients [2.0%] and no recurrence in any patients. Out of these 10 patients who developed complications, eight [16.0%] were in group-I [Mayo's technique] and two [4.0%] were in group-II [Mesh repair]. All were managed conservatively. Mesh repair found to be superior to the Mayo's technique in terms of complications

Comparison of complications between Mayo`s repair and Mesh repair [pre-peritoneal approach] for para umbilical hernia

Objective: The purpose of the study is to compare the rate of complications in Mayo`s repair with mesh repair. [Preperitoneal approach]

Design: Comparative study

Place and Duration of Study: Nishtar Hospital Multan during the period of January 2001 to August 2003

Patients and Methods: Only patients with fully reducible hernias were included in the study. Unfit patients having serious cardiac and respiratory illness, patients with obstructive and strangulated paraumbilical hernia were excluded from study. Two groups comprising of 25 patients each were made on random basis and operated [Mayo`s repair in-group one and mesh repair in-group two] randomly by surgical team. A separate file was kept for each patient. A detailed history and full physical examination and various investigations of all patients were carried out. Later on, operative findings and complications were also noted

Results: The age of the patients ranges from 20 to 60 years [mean 40 years]. 80% were female while remaining 20% were male The commonest mode of presentation was swelling in the umbilical region [100%] and dragging pain in the umbilical region during heavy working [60%]. On physical examination positive cough impulse was present in [80%]. There was significant difference between postoperative complications in two groups. As seroma formation [8% vs 0%], wound infection [8% vs 0%], wound haematoma [12% vs 4%] was seen more in group I. However mesh infection was present in-group 2 only

Conclusion: It is concluded that recurrences after open tension free repair are rare, complications are few, and the operation is simple to perform. Optimally hernias should be repaired using mesh repair

Evaluation of honey as a root canal disinfectant

Sixty single rooted teeth were taken to investigate antimicrobial potential of honey. The honey was placed in the canal as intracanal dressing. Microbiological examination revealed that 26 teeth gave positive culture at third day and only 12 teeth gave positive culture at seventh day. These results indicate that honey has an antibacterial property when used as an intracanal medicament. The result of clinical evaluation of post operative pain on 3[rd] and 7[th] post operative day showed that honey played a satisfactory role in relieving postoperative pain. The honey also gives good results to eliminate the apical exudation

Bleaching of vital teeth: a study on efficacy, shade, retention, side effects and patients perceptions

Sixty patients received a prophylaxis [cleaning and polishing] before beginning of treatment. Each patient was evaluated for initial shade by Vita shade guide. Safety issues evaluated were the changes in gingival index [GI], plaque index [PI], [Loe-Silness Scale] Non-marginal gingival index [NMGI], non-gingival oral mucosal index [NGOMI] [Curtis and colleague]. The patient`s perceptions about bleaching technique after treatment were evaluated. Tooth sensitivity [TS] during treatment and post treatment was evaluated. 10% Carbamide peroxide [opalescence tooth whitening gel, ultradent products inc.] was used for bleaching teeth in a custom made maxillary tray for the placement of bleaching gel. After initial evaluation and prophylaxis,the subjects were instructed to wear the tray with bleaching gel over-night. The treatment was continued for at least four weeks. After treatment the patient were seen after 6, 12, 18, and 24 week. There were mean scores with standard deviation of shades of teeth of 60 patients at base line. 80% of the patients had no change in the color after 6 months evaluation. 68.3% patients were glad with a treatment. There were mean value with standard deviation of PI, GI, NMG and NGOM was p>0.05 i.e. statistically not ` significant. On the basis of study night guard vital bleaching procedure is regarded as safe and effective